Ambivalent Attachments to Place in London: Twelve Barbadian Families

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Western
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Black Power ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Black Power Movement ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
White People ◽  
Return Home

There are good reasons for assuming that places symbolic for and valued by black people exist in Britain, One such locale is London's Notting Hill, which was, with Brixton, one of the two earliest zones of Afro-Caribbean settlement in the metropolis from the mid-1950s onwards. Notting Hill was also, in 1958, the locus of riots by young white people against black immigrants; the site of the Mangrove Restaurant, associated with the Black Power movement, and harassed continually by the police from its establishment in 1969 until its demise in 1991, Also, most notably, this area is the venue for the vast, annual, black-accented Notting Hill street carnival. These attributes did not, however, seem to engender strong responses in interviews with a set of twelve families of Barbadian origin. The interviewees, now materially successful, no longer inhabited the neighborhood, nor did their London-raised adult children. For the thirty-four interviewees, Notting Hill was a place that might once have been important for black people, but was no longer greatly valued for any such symbolisms; its looming gentrification by whites, for example, was not viewed with regret. This weak attachment to the place Notting Hill—or indeed to any other purportedly ‘black’ locales in London or Britain—has multiple sources in the particularity of this set of respondents: middle-class, respectable, generally conservative, homeowners, many of whom exhibit marked Barbadian island chauvinism. Most strikingly, some of the households still, after over thirty years in London, view themselves only as sojourners in Britain, who will before long return home to Barbados. Indeed, at least one household already has.

Gentrification and the Making of Craft Beer White Spaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Nathaniel G. Chapman ◽  
David L. Brunsma
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Black People ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
White People ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
White Spaces ◽  
The Creation

This chapter evaluates the ways in which craft beer has reshaped spaces, places, and cultures in the image of white people, whiteness, and white supremacy. Craft beer spaces and places are typically located in gentrified areas, which have become signifiers of gentrification and middle-class consumption. The chapter then argues that craft breweries socially and culturally construct authentic identities that reflect middle-class values. It also explores the ways in which gentrification and craft beer are entangled, and the processes whereby such beer gentrification leads to the creation of 'white spaces.' Using interview data, the chapter examines how these spaces discourage and exclude black people and other minorities from participating in craft beer cultures, and therefore its consumption.

On the Horns of Racialization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onoso Imoagene
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
White People ◽  
Racial Solidarity ◽  
Class Status

Chapter 5 discusses the endpoints of the ethnic identification journey of the Nigerian second generation. A key endpoint is that they are integrating into the black middle class. The chapter utilizes the minority culture of mobility framework to examine how respondents’ middle class status affects how they interact with their proximal hosts and how their experiences in and interactions with white people in professional settings affect their identity. The chapter uses respondents’ experiences of racial discrimination, exhibitions of racial solidarity, voting patterns, use of class as a sorting mechanism to order interactions with proximal hosts and develop middle-class identities, and in the United States, their views on whether black immigrants and their children should benefit from affirmative action policies, to illustrate how the Nigerian second generation balance race and ethnicity and how race intersects with ethnicity and class in British and American societies. The chapter discusses how in the extremely important arena of the workplace, the experiences of British respondents differ from those of their American counterparts. They have experienced more racism and discrimination living in Britain, racism that is more often covert than overt. This chapter tells their stories of growing up different from Caribbeans and their experiences of discrimination, which has engendered feelings of not belonging to Britain.

Invisible middle-class Black space: Asymmetrical person and space stereotyping at the race–class nexus

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Bonam ◽  
Caitlyn Yantis ◽  
Valerie Jones Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Black People ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Racial Stereotypes ◽  
Class Versus ◽  
White People ◽  
Racial Wealth Gap ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Physical Spaces

In addition to racial stereotypes about people (e.g., Black people are poor), perceivers hold parallel racial stereotypes about physical spaces (e.g., Black spaces are impoverished; Bonam, Bergsieker, & Eberhardt, 2016). Three studies extend these findings, showing that (a) Whites describe Black space as impoverished and undesirable, but describe White space as affluent and desirable, and (b) this racially polarized stereotype content is heightened for spaces compared to people (Studies 1 & 2). Perceivers are accordingly more likely to racially stereotype spaces than people (Study 3). This asymmetry in racial stereotype application is exacerbated when targets are objectively middle class versus lower class, likely because Whites have more difficulty incorporating counterstereotypic information into perceptions of Black spaces—compared to perceptions of Black people, White people, and White spaces (Study 3). Finally, we provide and discuss evidence for potential consequences of invisible middle-class Black space, relating to residential segregation and the racial wealth gap.

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

The Reflection of Apartheidic Trauma / Traumatic Apartheid in None to Accompany Me by Nadine Gordimer

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Şahin KIZILTAŞ
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black People ◽  
Native People ◽  
Nadine Gordimer ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
White People ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Almost All

The world has gone through a trauma for centuries. Almost all nations have experienced all sorts of traumatic events and feelings in this period. Among those nations, the black seem to be the most unlucky and ill-fated suffered from traumatic disasters. However, among those black nations, the natives of South Africa have been the most piteous and wretched ones. Their misfortune began in 1652 with the arrival of white colonists in the country. Since then, the oppression and persecution of white European colonists and settlers on natives increasingly continued. Those native people were displaced from the lands inherited from their ancestors a few centuries ago. They were not allowed to have equal rights with white people and to share same environment in public premises. The natives have put up resistance against the racial and colonial practices of white settlers which excluded them from all living spaces; yet, they could not manage, even they came into power in 1994. Today their exclusion and violence victimization still go on and they are still subjected to inferior treatment by (post)colonial dominant white powers. As a white intellectual and writer who had European origins, Nadine Gordimer witnessed the repression and torturing of European settlers on native people in South Africa. In her novels, she has reflected the racial discrimination practiced by white people who have considered of themselves in a superior position compared to the black. This study aims to focus on how Gordimer has reflected the trauma which the black people of South Africa have experienced as a consequence of racist practices. This will contribute to clarify and get across the real and true-life traumatic narratives of native people in the colonized countries.

Why adult children return home

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Return Home

scholarly journals POS1097 TREATMENT KNOWLEDGE AND PREFERENCES FOR BLACK PEOPLE WITH HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 828.2-829
Author(s):  
C. Brantner ◽  
D. Pearce-Fisher ◽  
C. Moezinia ◽  
H. Tornberg ◽  
J. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Black People ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
White People ◽  
Narcotic Analgesics ◽  
Accessible Information

Background:Black people are less likely to undergo total joint arthroplasties, despite reporting more severe symptoms. (1) While racial disparities exist in treatment utilization for osteoarthritis, comprehensive studies of the treatment preferences of Black people have not been conducted.Objectives:The purpose of this manuscript is to systematically review the literature and identify Black osteoarthritis patients’ treatment preferences to understand how they may contribute to racial differences in the utilization of different treatment options.Methods:Searches ran on April 8, 2019 and April 7, 2020 in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE (ALL - 1946 to Present); Ovid EMBASE (1974 to present); and The Cochrane Library (Wiley). Using the Patient/Population-Intervention-Comparison/Comparator-Outcome (PICO) format, our population of interest was Black people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis, our intervention was preferences and opinions about treatment options for osteoarthritis, our comparator was white people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis, and our outcome was preferences of osteoarthritis therapies. The protocol was registered under the PROSPERO international register, and the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.Results:Searches across the chosen databases retrieved 10,894 studies after de-duplication, 182 full text, and 31 selected for inclusion in this review. Black people were less likely to use NSAIDs or narcotic analgesics compared to white people. (Figure 1) Black people were more likely than white people to use spirituality and prayer, as well as topical treatments. Utilization of meditation, supplement/vitamin use, and hot/cold treatments was not significantly different between groups. Black people were less willing than white people to consider or undergo joint replacements, even if the procedure was needed and recommended by a physician.Conclusion:Racial differences persist in OA care across the spectrum of options. Future interventions should focus on providing accessible information surrounding treatment options and targeting perceptions of the importance of joint health.References:[1]Suarez-Almazor ME, Souchek J, Kelly PA, et al. Ethnic Variation in Knee Replacement: Patient Preferences or Uninformed Disparity? Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(10):1117-1124. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.10.1117Figure 1.Meta-analysis describing the odds ratios of Black people using NSAIDs and Narcotic Analgesics compared to white peopleDisclosure of Interests:Collin Brantner: None declared, Diyu Pearce-Fisher: None declared, Carine Moezinia: None declared, Haley Tornberg: None declared, John FitzGerald: None declared, Michael Parks Consultant of: Zimmer Biomet, Peter Sculco Consultant of: EOS Imaging, Intellijoint Surgical, DePuy Synthes, Lima Corporate, Cynthia Kahlenberg: None declared, Curtis Mensah: None declared, Ajay Premkuar: None declared, Nicholas Williams: None declared, Michelle Demetres: None declared, Susan Goodman Consultant of: UCB, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Horizon Therapeutics.

Reflecting Diversity

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Lea Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
White People ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
The People ◽  
Upper Middle Class

This chapter describes the book Underpants Dance, which only depicts four white people out of all the thirty characters. However, the book still shows quite a significant underrepresentation of America's diversity. In this story, none of the people of color are important enough to have names. They serve only as a sprinkling of color in the background. The book's settings and events also reflect a distinctly upper-middle-class lifestyle. The chapter further explains that there is nothing wrong with any single children's book being culturally specific to a white, upper-income, American experience. The problem is that this pattern is so strong that children's literature as a whole is systematically less attractive or even alienating to children who do not fit that mold.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document