The Time Course of Abstract Visual Representation

Studies in change blindness re-enforce the suggestion that veridical, pictorial representations that survive multiple relocations of gaze are unlikely to be generated in the visual system. However, more abstract information may well be extracted and represented by the visual system. In this paper we study the types of information that are retained and the time courses over which these representations are constructed when participants view complex natural scenes. We find that such information is retained and that the resultant abstract representations encode a range of information. Different types of information are extracted and represented over different time courses. After several seconds of viewing natural scenes, our visual system is able to construct a complex information-rich representation.

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Real-world structure facilitates the rapid emergence of scene category information in visual brain signals

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00164.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Kaiser ◽

Greta Häberle ◽

Radoslaw M. Cichy

Keyword(s):

Visual Processing ◽

Natural Scenes ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Category Information ◽

Brain Signals ◽

Early Visual Processing ◽

Different Types ◽

Types Of Information ◽

Scene Content ◽

Rapid Emergence

Natural scenes are structured, with different types of information appearing in predictable locations. Here, we use EEG decoding to show that the visual brain uses this structure to efficiently analyze scene content. During early visual processing, the category of a scene (e.g., a church vs. a supermarket) could be more accurately decoded from EEG signals when the scene adhered to its typical spatial structure compared with when it did not.

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Towards an Information Archetypes Framework: Exploring the Types of Information Used in Open Source Design Engagements

Volume 7: 31st International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology ◽

10.1115/detc2019-97956 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sue Yi ◽

Kevin Lumbard ◽

Nicole B. Damen ◽

Matt Germonprez ◽

Christine A. Toh

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Open Source ◽

Design Process ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Complex Information ◽

Ongoing Effort ◽

Different Types ◽

Final Design ◽

Types Of Information ◽

Competitive Products

Abstract Across disciplines such as software engineering to architectural design, it is well acknowledged that the different types of information employed during the design process impacts the potential of the final design. However, a lack of understanding exists about how designers utilize and navigate the abundance of complex information types, making it difficult to develop design methodologies that support the development of competitive products and services. As part of an ongoing effort to develop an Information Archetypes Framework, this study focuses on identifying the emergence of information dimensions and archetypes during decision making. This was accomplished through a detailed analysis of interviews with designers who engage in open source work as part of their employment. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence of the types of information used during the design process, validates existing information archetypes, and identifies new archetypes that emerge from co-occurring information dimensions.

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Investigating Information: A Qualitative Analysis of Expert Designers’ Information Representation and Structuring Behaviors

Volume 7: 31st International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology ◽

10.1115/detc2019-98362 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole B. Damen ◽

Christine A. Toh

Keyword(s):

Software Design ◽

Information Organization ◽

User Requirements ◽

Design And Development ◽

Information Approach ◽

Complex Information ◽

Different Types ◽

Pedestrian Accidents ◽

Design Challenge ◽

Types Of Information

Abstract Information organization and utilization are integral to the design and development of creative ideas. However, navigating this often complex information space can be challenging, even for experienced designers. Therefore, deep analysis of how expert designers utilize and organize information is needed to provide qualitative insights into their information organization strategies. To address this, four professionals in the software design and development field were recruited for individual 3-hour design sessions. They were asked to generate ideas for a design challenge (reducing distraction-based pedestrian accidents) using information sheets specifically developed to contain different types of information, as identified by prior work. Results reveal individual differences in information approach and categorization, although these were motivated by similar underlying patterns of evaluating the relevance of information for its ability to inform the project constraints, resources or (user) requirements. Designer experience and use of design processes and knowledge transfer tools enhanced their ability to turn information into insights.

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Investigating Information: A Qualitative Analysis of Expert Designers' Information Representation and Structuring Behaviors (IDETC2019-98362)

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4046647 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-53

Author(s):

Nicole B. Damen ◽

Christine Toh

Keyword(s):

Software Design ◽

Information Organization ◽

User Requirements ◽

Design And Development ◽

Software Designers ◽

Complex Information ◽

Different Types ◽

Pedestrian Accidents ◽

Design Challenge ◽

Types Of Information

Abstract Information organization and utilization are integral to the design and development of creative ideas. However, navigating this often complex information space can be challenging, even for experienced designers. Therefore, deep analysis of how expert software designers utilize and organize information is needed to provide qualitative insights into their information organization strategies. To address this, four professionals in the software design and development field were recruited for individual 3-hour design sessions. They were asked to generate ideas for a design challenge (reducing distraction-based pedestrian accidents) using information sheets specifically developed to contain different types of information, as identified by prior work. Results reveal individual differences in information approach and categorization, although these were motivated by similar underlying patterns of evaluating the relevance of information for its ability to inform the project constraints, resources or (user) requirements. Designer experience and use of design processes and knowledge transfer tools enhanced their ability to turn information into insights.

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An Electrophysiological Analysis of the Time Course of Conceptual and Syntactic Encoding during Tacit Picture Naming

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/08989290152001925 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 510-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Bernadette M. Schmitt ◽

Kolja Schiltz ◽

Wanda Zaake ◽

Marta Kutas ◽

Thomas F. Münte

Keyword(s):

Picture Naming ◽

Time Course ◽

Planning Process ◽

Naming Task ◽

Syntactic Processing ◽

Response Preparation ◽

Conceptual Processing ◽

Speech Planning ◽

Time Courses ◽

Types Of Information

A central question in psycholinguistic research is when various types of information involved in speaking (conceptual/ semantic, syntactic, and phonological information) become available during the speech planning process. Competing theories attempt to distinguish between parallel and serial models. Here, we investigated the relative time courses of conceptual and syntactic encoding in a tacit picture-naming task via event-related brain potential (ERP) recordings. Participants viewed pictures and made dual-choice go/no-go decisions based on conceptual features (whether the depicted item was heavier or lighter than 500 g) and syntactic features (whether the picture's German name had feminine or masculine syntactic gender). In support of serial models of speech production, both the lateralized readiness potential, or LRP (related to response preparation), and the N200 (related to response inhibition) measures indicated that conceptual processing began approximately 80 msec earlier than syntactic processing.

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Neither Change Blindness Nor Amnesia: Accurate Memory for Previously Attended Objects in Natural Scenes

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e501882009-071 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Hollingworth ◽

John M. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Change Blindness ◽

Natural Scenes

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Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

10.31234/osf.io/5zcw7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

John J Shaw ◽

Zhisen Urgolites ◽

Padraic Monaghan

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Different Types ◽

Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

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How the Multiplicity of Suggested Information Affects the Behavior of a User in a Recommender System

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10060741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Yuseok Ban ◽

Kyungjae Lee

Keyword(s):

High Precision ◽

Recommender System ◽

Visual Information ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Supplementary Information ◽

Digital Platform ◽

Different Types ◽

Types Of Information

Many researchers have suggested improving the retention of a user in the digital platform using a recommender system. Recent studies show that there are many potential ways to assist users to find interesting items, other than high-precision rating predictions. In this paper, we study how the diverse types of information suggested to a user can influence their behavior. The types have been divided into visual information, evaluative information, categorial information, and narrational information. Based on our experimental results, we analyze how different types of supplementary information affect the performance of a recommender in terms of encouraging users to click more items or spend more time in the digital platform.

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THE INFLUENCE OF DESIGN BRIEF INFORMATION ON CREATIVE OUTCOMES BY NOVICE AND ADVANCED STUDENTS

Proceedings of the Design Society ◽

10.1017/pds.2021.565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 3041-3050

Author(s):

Georgios Koronis ◽

Hernan Casakin ◽

Arlindo Silva ◽

Jacob Kai Siang Kang

Keyword(s):

Design Education ◽

Design Problems ◽

Frame Design ◽

Design Creativity ◽

Abstract Representations ◽

Advanced Students ◽

Different Types ◽

Fishbone Diagram ◽

Design Expertise ◽

Novel Design

AbstractThis study centers on using different types of brief information to support creative outcomes in architectural and engineering design and its relation to design expertise. We explore the influence of design briefs characterized by abstract representations and/or instructions to frame design problems on the creativity of concept sketches produced by novice and advanced students. Abstract representations of problem requirements served as stimuli to encourage associative thinking and knowledge transfer. The Ishikawa/Fishbone Diagram was used to foster design restructuring and to modify viewpoints about the main design drives and goals. The design outcomes generated by novice and advanced engineering/architecture students were assessed for their creativity using a pairwise experimental design. Results indicated that advanced students generated more novel design solutions while also contributing the most useful solutions overall. Implications for creativity in design education and professional practice are presented. Educational programs aimed at promoting creativity in the design studio may find it helpful to consider that the way design briefs are constructed can either promote or inhibit different aspects of design creativity.

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