Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 4. Part 3, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1997, 48, 883-97.. Calibration of plant phosphorus test criteria from rain-fed field experiments

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Reuter ◽  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
G. D. Reddy ◽  
R. J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Test Criteria ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Five single-year field experiments conducted on phosphorus (P) deficient soils were used to calibrate plant P test criteria for rain-fed, spring wheat. At each site, P concentrations in whole shoots and young and mature leaf blades reached asymptotic values in the adequate-luxury P zone, within 6 weeks of sowing. The asymptotic P concentration varied between sites and declined as plants aged. The applied P level required to reach the asymptote increased with advancing plant age. Two consistent trends in relationships between relative shoot yield and P concentrations in whole shoots and leaf blades were observed. Firstly, as plants aged, the slope of the relationship in the zone of deficiency progressively increased and at later stages of growth became nearly vertical so that severely deficient plants had P concentrations only slightly lower than plants of adequate P status. Secondly, there was only a narrow range of P concentrations in the zone of adequate to luxury P status for whole shoots and young leaf blades. Plant P test criteria derived from field- and glasshouse-grown wheat coincided when related to stage of ontogeny as defined by the level of leaf insertion on the main culm. Using this as a basis of stage of plant growth, plant P criteria in shoots and young leaf blades were constant up until early tillering, declined rapidly until late tillering, and thereafter decreased more slowly. Critical concentration ranges for total P are proposed for YEB and for whole shoots. Critical values for grain P were estimated to lie between 0·19% and 0·23% P for 90% maximum grain yield and between 0·21% and 0·24% for near maximum grain yield. Soluble P and labile P fractions were highly correlated and produced similar relationships with relative shoot yield. The diagnostic relationships for both fractions had steep slopes in the zone of deficiency and criteria for standard leaf blades derived for either fraction sometimes declined as plants aged. The labile P: total P ratios for YEB and YEB+1 were also of diagnostic value; where this ratio was <30% during tillering, P deficiency was assured.

Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 2. Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1997, 48, 855-67.. Distribution of phosphorus in glasshouse-grown wheat and the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency by plant an

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
D. J. Reuter ◽  
G. D. Reddy ◽  
R. J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Individual Leaf ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

In 2 glasshouse experiments, the effects of variations in phosphorus (P) level on concentration and distribution of total and labile P within wheat plants were examined to compare the sensitivity of various plant tests for assessing the P status of wheat. Total P was distributed unevenly within the plant: shoots had higher total P concentrations than roots, and concentrations in grain were markedly higher than in glumes or straw. Within wheat shoots, the concentration of total and labile P varied with stage of plant growth and the type and physiological age of the plant part analysed. In general, leaf blades had higher concentrations than their subtending sheaths. During the vegetative phase, the highest P concentrations were measured in immature tissues and the concentrations decreased progressively in older plant parts, except at luxury supply where total P was invariably higher in old leaf blades. Critical total P concentrations (CTPC) estimated for whole shoots decreased with advancing plant age beyond Zadoks Scale 13·5. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this may be caused by stems of lower P concentration progressively constituting a larger proportion of shoot biomass with increasing age. Critical concentrations defined for leaf blades of known physiological age also decreased with plant age beyond Zadoks Scale 13·5 for both labile and total P. These decreases may result from either an increase in the size of the sampled individual leaf blades as plants age or shifts in distribution of P within the shoot from the main culm to developing tillers (or reproductive structures). Total P is the preferred and easier method of analysis, and in most cases, diagnostic and predictive CTPC were similar in defined individual leaf blades. The estimated critical value for the labile P: total P ratio of about 30% appeared to be independent of leaf age or stage of plant ontogeny. These data suggest that the existence of P deficiency in wheat can be confirmed by analysing whole shoots or recently matured leaf blades for total P. In the period up until early tillering, the P test criteria are constant but thereafter must be related to stage of growth.

Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Effects of phosphorus supply on plant symptoms, yield, components of yield, and plant phosphorus uptake

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
D. J. Reuter ◽  
G. D. Reddy ◽  
R. J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
P Deficiency

The effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on plant symptoms, yield, and components of yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Halberd), P uptake, and the distribution of dry weight within plants of variable P status were examined in 2 glasshouse and 5 field experiments. Apart from stunted growth and depressed tillering, the symptoms of acute P deficiency, most noticeable on older leaf blades, were equivocal; they were not always observed on acutely deficient plants and were absent on moderately deficient plants. In glasshouse experiments, the leaves of acutely deficient plants were spindly, erect, and dark green, whereas in field experiments, the leaves were pale green. In acutely P-stressed plants, leaf senescence, phasic development, and anthesis were delayed. The disorder restricted tiller development and therefore the rate of appearance and the number of leaves per plant. It depressed grain yield principally by reducing the number of fertile tillers. Severe P deficiency depressed shoot growth within 15 days of sowing and ultimately reduced plant height, root mass, and grain yield. In all experiments, shoot yield responses to applied P increased progressively until stem elongation (Zadoks Scale 30) and changed little thereafter. As a result, the external requirement for P (i.e. P level required for 90% maximum growth) increased with time during vegetative development in most experiments. Severe P deficiency also affected the distribution of dry matter between the roots and shoots and between the leaf blades and conducting tissues (sheaths and stems). Both of these responses intensified with advancing plant age. Treatment differences in P uptake in shoots also occurred early in growth and persisted until grain maturity. The partitioning of P between roots and shoots favoured P uptake or retention in the roots of P-deficient plants. Under conditions of acute and moderate P stress, the resources of the wheat plant appear to be directed towards maintaining root growth (at least initially), limiting and delaying shoot proliferation, and maximising the leaf : stem ratio. These regulations appear circumstantially to be adaptive mechanisms for conserving suffiient P to ensure the survival of at least 1 weak, but fertile, tiller on each plant.

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SEEDLING GROWTH, HEAD DEFORMATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

In field experiments at Charlottetown, P.E.I., five herbicides evaluated at two rates of application on eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed no effect on dry plant weight 20 days after treatment. Herbicide treatment with dicamba resulted in a greater number of deformed heads per plot compared with the untreated in 1980 and with all herbicides except diclofop-methyl in 1981. More deformed heads occurred with dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture at the higher rate of application in 1981 than with the other herbicides and the lower rate of application. All cultivars had more deformed heads than the untreated control when treated with 2,4-D, dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture in 1981. Neepawa and Dundas had more deformed heads than the other cultivars when treated with MCPA. Head deformation by herbicide treatment had no adverse effect on grain yield in this study.Key words: Spring wheat cultivars, herbicides, head deformation, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, diclofop-methyl

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

Sadash soft white spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Sadasivaiah ◽  
R J Graf ◽  
H S Randhawa ◽  
B L Beres ◽  
S M Perkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Sadash is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring class. Sadash is well-adapted to the wheat-growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. Based on data from the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Registration Test from 2003 to 2005, Sadash exhibited high grain yield, mid-season maturity, semi-dwarf stature with very strong straw, and good resistance to shattering. Sadash expressed resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust and powdery mildew, intermediate resistance to loose smut, moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and common bunt, and susceptibility to Fusarium head blight. Based on end-use quality analysis performed at the Grain Research Laboratory of the Canadian Grain Commission, Sadash had improved test weight over the check cultivars AC Reed and AC Phil and similar milling and baking performance.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (soft white spring), grain yield, quality, disease resistance

scholarly journals Assessment of foliar-applied phosphorus fertiliser formulations to enhance phosphorus nutrition and grain production in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. McBeath ◽  
Evelina Facelli ◽  
Courtney A. E. Peirce ◽  
Viran Kathri Arachchige ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Fertiliser Application

The ability to utilise foliar-applied phosphorus (P) as a strategy to increase the P status and yield of grain crops grown in dryland regions with variable climates is attractive. Several P formulations with varying pH, accompanying cations and adjuvants were tested for their effectiveness as foliar fertilisers for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, first under controlled and then under field conditions. Experiments under controlled conditions suggested that several formulations with specific chemistries offered promise with respect to wheat fertiliser-P recovery and biomass responses. These formulations were then evaluated in two field experiments, and although wheat grown at the sites showed substantive responses to soil-applied P, there was no significant grain-yield response to foliar-applied P. Following the limited responses to foliar-applied fertiliser in the field, we used an isotopic dilution technique to test the hypothesis that the variation in responses of wheat to foliar addition of P could be explained by a mechanism of substitution, whereby root P uptake is downregulated when P is taken up through the leaves, but this was proven not to be the case. We conclude that foliar P application cannot be used as a tactical fertiliser application to boost grain yield of wheat in dryland regions.

Yield and water use of paired-row versus equidistant-row seeded spring wheat in a semiarid environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Cutforth ◽  
F. Selles
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Days To Maturity

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of seed row configuration on days to maturity, water use and grain yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Leader’) grown in a semiarid environment. From 1986 to 1989, Leader spring wheat was seeded at Swift Current, Saskatchewan in north-south equidistant-rows (25-cm row spacing) and paired-rows (two rows 10 cm apart with 50 cm between the centre of each paired row). Seed and fertilizer were applied at recommended rates for the Brown soil zone. There were no significant differences (P > 0.10) in grain yield, water use or days to maturity between equidistant-row and paired-row seeding. The data suggest that under the environmental conditions of the Brown soil zone paired-row seeding may have no agronomic advantage over equidistant-row seeding.Key words: Paired-row seeding, water use, grain yield, spring wheat

Effect of fertiliser phosphorus and nitrogen on the concentrations of oil and protein in grain and the grain yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Testing

The effect of fertiliser phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) on seed (grain) yield and concentration of oil and protein in grain of canola (oil-seed rape; Brassica napus L.) was measured in two field experiments undertaken at eight sites from 1993–2005 in south-western Australia, on soils deficient in P and N. Six rates of P (0–40 kg P/ha as single superphosphate) and four rates of N (0–138 kg N/ha as urea) were applied. Significant grain yield increases (responses) to applied P occurred in both experiments and these responses increased as rates of applied N increased. For grain production, the P × N interaction was significant in all eight years and locations of the two experiments. Application of P had no effect on concentration of oil and protein in grain. Application of N always decreased the concentration of oil and increased the concentration of protein in grain. For canola grain production in the region, responses to applied N always occur whereas responses to applied P are rare, but if soil P testing indicates likely P deficiency, both P and N fertiliser need to be applied.

scholarly journals Heterosis estimates in F2 diallel population of spring wheat at two different cultural conditions

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tuhina-Khatun ◽  
MAA Bari ◽  
MA Zaman ◽  
H Begum ◽  
S Akter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Gxe Interaction ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Better Than

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Gaurab, Kanchan, Balaka, Sonora, Protiva, Pavon, and Anza were used as parent materials to estimate heterosis in a set of 7 × 7 diallel crosses. The diallel trial was carried out for seven parental material and their 21 F2 progenies under two contrasting cultural conditions for different yield and yield contributing characters. Cultural conditions I is provided by the BARI recommended doses of fertilizer and irrigation, and 2 have no fertilizer but two irrigations once at crown root initiation stage and twice at panicle initiation stage. Heterosis was measured as i) Relative heterosis and ii) Heterobeltiosis. The result of relative heterosis revealed cross Sonora × Anza exhibited superior performance for grain yield/plot in environment-i. Desirable negative heterosis was observed in cross Balaka × Anza in environment-I and Pavon x Anza in environment-2 for days to 50% heading character. For days to maturity, desirable negative heterosis was found in cross Pavon x Anza in both cultural environments. Estimate of heterobeltiosis for different yield contributing characters showed that cross Sonora x Anza exhibited highest heterosis for grain yield/plant in environment-1 and Kanchan x Balaka in environment-2. Cross Pavon x Anza exhibited superior relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for 100-grain weight in both cultural environments. By comparing two cultural conditions, it was found that 1 is better than 2 for all the characters. Keywords: Relative heterosis; heterobeltiosis; spring wheat; F2 generation; GxE interaction. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6448Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 413-422

Alvena hard red spring wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Use ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Based on 38 replicated trials over 3 yr, Alvena, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) expressed significantly higher mean grain yield than the checks. It was significantly earlier maturing than AC Barrie and significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa. Wheat protein concentration of Alvena was similar to the mean of the checks and flour protein concentration was significantly higher than the check mean. Amylograph viscosity was significantly lower than the mean of the checks. Alvena meets the end-use quality and Canadian Grain Commission’s kernel visual distinguishability specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Alvena expressed moderate resistance to prevalent races of loose smut and stem rust, intermediate resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust and common bunt, and moderate susceptibility to fusarium head blight. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, maturity, disease resistance

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