Increasing the proportion of female lambs by feeding Merino ewes a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids around mating

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
J. F. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Time Of Feeding

In previous experiments, the proportion of female lambs was higher when BL × Merino ewes were offered a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) than when offered one low in n-6 around joining. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the proportion of female lambs increases when Merino ewes are fed a diet high in n-6 and to further test the effect of time of feeding relative to mating. Ewes were fed a low n-6 (ryegrass silage) or high n-6 (oats and cottonseed meal) diet for ~40 days pre-mating or 40 days pre- and 17 days post-mating. Liveweight, fat score, plasma fatty acid status and lamb sex were determined. The concentration of plasma n-6 was higher (P < 0.001) and the time to oestrus shorter (P < 0.001) when ewes received the high n-6 compared with the low n-6 diet. The proportion of female lambs was higher when ewes were fed the high n-6 compared with the low n-6 diet either pre-mating only (71.3% vs 48.7%, P = 0.017) or both pre- and post-mating (69.6% vs 37.3%, P < 0.001). The sex ratio differed from an expected 50 : 50 when ewes were fed the high n-6 diet (P < 0.001), but not the low n-6 diet (P = 0.223). The effect of the high n-6 diet on the sex ratio of lambs in Merino ewes may act pre-conception, as the effect of the diet was not greater when ewes were fed both pre- and post-mating. Altering diet to increase female lamb proportions may be economically viable to producers of first-cross ewes.

Increased proportion of female lambs by feeding Border Leicester × Merino ewes a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids around mating

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
M. A. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Time Of Feeding

The proportion of female lambs was previously higher when ewes were offered a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) based on oats and cottonseed meal (oats/CSM) around joining. The effect of the length of time of feeding the high n-6 diet on the sex ratio of lambs has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the proportion of female lambs was higher when Border Leicester × Merino ewes were fed a diet high in n-6 either pre-conception only or both pre- and post-conception. Ewes were fed a low n-6 diet based on silage or a high n-6 diet based on oats/CSM for 40 days pre-mating until the end of mating (pre-mating) or 40 days pre-mating and 17 days post-mating. Liveweight, fat score, plasma fatty acid status and lamb sex was determined. Plasma n-6 concentration was higher (P < 0.001) and the time to oestrus shorter (P < 0.001) when ewes received oats/CSM compared with silage. The proportion of female lambs was higher when ewes were fed a high n-6 compared with low n-6 diet pre-mating only (54.1% vs 44.4%, P = 0.049) and both pre- and post-mating (57.2% vs 43.4%, P = 0.018). The interaction between diet and length of time of feeding was not significant (P = 0.537). The mechanism resulting in the diet high in omega-6 influencing the sex ratio of lambs appears to operate before or around conception but is yet to be determined.

Intergenerational effects of omega-6 fatty acids. 2. Preliminary evidence for the influence of diet fed to dams at conception on the sex ratio of lambs born to their daughters

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
M. A. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Intergenerational Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fat Score

In a previous experiment, the proportion of female lambs was higher when Merino ewes were offered a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) compared with low in n-6 around joining. The effect of these diets on the sex ratio of lambs born to the offspring of these ewes has not previously been investigated. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the proportion of female lambs when Border Leicester × Merino ewes were fed a diet high compared with low in n-6 around mating was affected by diet previously fed to their dams at conception. Ewes were stratified to treatment group based on the diet previously fed to their dams around mating and fed a Low n-6 (lucerne hay) or High n-6 (oats and cottonseed meal) diet for ~40 days pre-mating and 17 days post-mating. Liveweight, fat score, plasma fatty acid status and lamb sex was determined. The ratio of n-6 : n-3 fatty acids in plasma was higher (P < 0.001) and the time to oestrus shorter (P < 0.001) when ewes received the High n-6 compared with the Low n-6 diet. The proportion of female lambs was not significantly (P = 0.229) higher when ewes were fed the High n-6 compared with the Low n-6 diet (59.8 vs 42.7%), but was significantly (r2 = 0.78, P = 0.008) positively correlated with the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid in ewe plasma. The effect of the High n-6 diet on the sex ratio of lambs born to Border Leicester × Merino ewes was not affected by diet previously fed to dams around conception; however, results need to be confirmed with larger numbers of ewes. The effect of dam nutrition on the sex ratio of lambs and overall productivity should be monitored over several years.

scholarly journals Effect of plasma fatty acid status on complication rates in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. J. Lloyd ◽  
S. E. Paynton ◽  
A. Rodriguez Mateos ◽  
J. A. Lovegrove ◽  
S. M. Gabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Home Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Acid Status

Telomere Length in Healthy Adults Is Positively Associated With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Including Arachidonic Acid, and Negatively With Saturated Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Varinderpal S Dhillon ◽  
Permal Deo ◽  
Ann Chua ◽  
Phil Thomas ◽  
Michael Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Acid Status

Abstract Lymphocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of aging that may be modified by dietary factors including fat. Red blood cell fatty acid status is a well-validated indicator of long-term dietary intake of fat from various sources. Recent findings from epidemiological studies of LTL in relation to fatty acids in red blood cells are not conclusive. The present study was carried out to investigate if red blood cell fatty acid status in 174 healthy older South Australians is associated with LTL. Lymphocyte telomere length was measured by real-time qPCR and fatty acid content in red blood cells was measured by gas chromatography. Our results indicate that the majority of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids are negatively associated with LTL, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids are positively associated with LTL. Multiple regression analysis revealed that arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) is significantly, independently, positively correlated with LTL (β = 0.262; p = .000). The significant association of fatty acids, particularly C20:4n-6, with telomere length warrants further research.

scholarly journals Novel methodologies for assessing omega-3 fatty acid status – a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S53-S63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Klingler ◽  
Berthold Koletzko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Acid Status

Over the last few decadesn-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status became of special interest for scientists. Biochemical measures on then-3 fatty acid status vary depending on body compartment assessed and measures chosen. Plasma phospholipids and red blood cell membrane phospholipids are mainly used asn-3 fatty acid status marker. The conventional analysis of phospholipid fatty acids involves lipid extraction and consecutive chromatographic separation of phospholipids from other lipid fractions, which is time-consuming and costly. In recent years, different investigators have tried to overcome these limitations by using other biological markers or by modifying the analytical procedures used to assessn-3 fatty acid status. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview on these novel analytical methods developed for the fatty acid quantification by gas chromatography, highlights the methodological limitations, and discusses advantages or disadvantages of the biological markers used. Seventeen papers were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. New opportunities arise from sensitive and precise high-throughput methodologies for assessment of plasma total lipid and plasma glycerophospholipid fatty acids, as well as cheek cell fatty acid composition.

scholarly journals Comparison of the incorporation of orally administered DHA into plasma, erythrocyte and cheek cell glycerophospholipids

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Klingler ◽  
Sabrina Klem ◽  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
Berthold Koletzko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cheek Cell ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Uptake

Adequate intake of n-3 fatty acids plays an important role in human health. The analysis of various blood lipids is used as a measure of fatty acid status in humans. Cheek cell phospholipids (PL) have also been proposed as biological markers, but are rarely used in clinical studies due to limitations in sample quality and quantity. An improved method for the analysis of cheek cell glycerophospholipid fatty acids is applied in a 29 d supplementation trial with 510 mg DHA daily. The DHA increases in cheek cell, plasma and erythrocyte glycerophospholipids are compared. High correlations are shown for glycerophospholipid DHA between cheek cells and plasma (r 0·88) and erythrocytes (r 0·76) before study commencement. After the daily supplementation of DHA, the half-maximal glycerophospholipid DHA level is reached after about 4 d in plasma, 6 d in erythrocytes and 10 d in cheek cells. The mean DHA increase (mol%) relative to baseline was most prominent in plasma (186 %), followed by cheek cells (180 %) and erythrocytes (130 %). Considering a lag phase of about 5 d, cheek cells reflect short-term changes in dietary fat uptake. Based on the data of the present study, they can be used alternatively to plasma and erythrocyte PL as non-invasive n-3 fatty acid status markers.

Fatty acid profile of colostrum and milk of ewes supplemented with fish meal and the subsequent plasma fatty acid status of their lambs1

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2092-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Or-Rashid ◽  
R. Fisher ◽  
N. Karrow ◽  
O. AlZahal ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Acid Status

scholarly journals Blood fatty acid changes in healthy young Americans in response to a 10-week diet that increased n-3 and reduced n-6 fatty acid consumption: a randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
Bernadette P. Marriott ◽  
Catherine M. Champagne ◽  
Michael R. Hawes ◽  
Scott J. Montain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Acid Status

AbstractMilitary personnel generally under-consume n-3 fatty acids and overconsume n-6 fatty acids. In a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, we investigated whether a diet suitable for implementation in military dining facilities and civilian cafeterias could benefit n-3/n-6 fatty acid status of consumers. Three volunteer groups were provided different diets for 10 weeks. Control (CON) participants consumed meals from the US Military’s Standard Garrison Dining Facility Menu. Experimental, moderate (EXP-Mod) and experimental-high (EXP-High) participants consumed the same meals, but high n-6 fatty acid and low n-3 fatty acid containing chicken, egg, oils and food ingredients were replaced with products having less n-6 fatty acids and more n-3 fatty acids. The EXP-High participants also consumed smoothies containing 1000 mg n-3 fatty acids per serving, whereas other participants received placebo smoothies. Plasma and erythrocyte EPA and DHA in CON group remained unchanged throughout, whereas EPA, DHA and Omega-3 Index increased in EXP-Mod and EXP-High groups, and were higher than in CON group after 5 weeks. After 10 weeks, Omega-3 Index in EXP-High group had increased further. No participants exhibited changes in fasting plasma TAG, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, mood or emotional reactivity. Replacing high linoleic acid (LA) containing foods in dining facility menus with similar high oleic acid/low LA and high n-3 fatty acid foods can improve n-6/n-3 blood fatty acid status after 5 weeks. The diets were well accepted and suitable for implementation in group feeding settings like military dining facilities and civilian cafeterias.

A higher proportion of female lambs when ewes were fed oats and cottonseed meal prior to and following conception

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Gulliver ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
B. J. King ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
E. H. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Omega 6

Diets high in omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids in mice have been associated with a higher proportion of female offspring, however, the specific effects of dietary fatty acids on the sex ratio of sheep has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine whether feeding ewes a diet differing in n-6 for 6 weeks before and 3 weeks following conception would increase the proportion of female lambs born. Merino × Border Leicester ewes (n = 296) were allocated to receive either a diet high in n-6 (70% oat grain, 8% cottonseed meal, High n-6 diet) or, a control diet low in n-6 (88% legume silage, Low n-6 diet), for 42 or 53 days before and 17 days after conception, using a stratified block randomisation procedure based on body condition score and liveweight. Following synchronisation, oestrus was detected daily during natural mating with rams. After mating, all ewes grazed improved pastures as one group until lambing. Plasma n-6 concentrations were greater (P < 0.001), the time to parturition was shorter (P < 0.001) and the proportion of female offspring was higher (58.2 vs 43.5%, P = 0.010) when ewes were fed the High n-6 diet compared with the Low n-6 diet. Further research is required to determine whether the observed differences in sex ratio were due to specific alterations in n-6 fatty acids, or other differences in the diets not specifically related to n-6 such as saturated fat or energy density.

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