A higher proportion of female lambs when ewes were fed oats and cottonseed meal prior to and following conception

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Gulliver ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
B. J. King ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
E. H. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Omega 6

Diets high in omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids in mice have been associated with a higher proportion of female offspring, however, the specific effects of dietary fatty acids on the sex ratio of sheep has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine whether feeding ewes a diet differing in n-6 for 6 weeks before and 3 weeks following conception would increase the proportion of female lambs born. Merino × Border Leicester ewes (n = 296) were allocated to receive either a diet high in n-6 (70% oat grain, 8% cottonseed meal, High n-6 diet) or, a control diet low in n-6 (88% legume silage, Low n-6 diet), for 42 or 53 days before and 17 days after conception, using a stratified block randomisation procedure based on body condition score and liveweight. Following synchronisation, oestrus was detected daily during natural mating with rams. After mating, all ewes grazed improved pastures as one group until lambing. Plasma n-6 concentrations were greater (P < 0.001), the time to parturition was shorter (P < 0.001) and the proportion of female offspring was higher (58.2 vs 43.5%, P = 0.010) when ewes were fed the High n-6 diet compared with the Low n-6 diet. Further research is required to determine whether the observed differences in sex ratio were due to specific alterations in n-6 fatty acids, or other differences in the diets not specifically related to n-6 such as saturated fat or energy density.

Increased proportion of female lambs by feeding Border Leicester × Merino ewes a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids around mating

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
M. A. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Time Of Feeding

The proportion of female lambs was previously higher when ewes were offered a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) based on oats and cottonseed meal (oats/CSM) around joining. The effect of the length of time of feeding the high n-6 diet on the sex ratio of lambs has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the proportion of female lambs was higher when Border Leicester × Merino ewes were fed a diet high in n-6 either pre-conception only or both pre- and post-conception. Ewes were fed a low n-6 diet based on silage or a high n-6 diet based on oats/CSM for 40 days pre-mating until the end of mating (pre-mating) or 40 days pre-mating and 17 days post-mating. Liveweight, fat score, plasma fatty acid status and lamb sex was determined. Plasma n-6 concentration was higher (P < 0.001) and the time to oestrus shorter (P < 0.001) when ewes received oats/CSM compared with silage. The proportion of female lambs was higher when ewes were fed a high n-6 compared with low n-6 diet pre-mating only (54.1% vs 44.4%, P = 0.049) and both pre- and post-mating (57.2% vs 43.4%, P = 0.018). The interaction between diet and length of time of feeding was not significant (P = 0.537). The mechanism resulting in the diet high in omega-6 influencing the sex ratio of lambs appears to operate before or around conception but is yet to be determined.

Increasing the proportion of female lambs by feeding Merino ewes a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids around mating

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
J. F. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Time Of Feeding

In previous experiments, the proportion of female lambs was higher when BL × Merino ewes were offered a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) than when offered one low in n-6 around joining. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the proportion of female lambs increases when Merino ewes are fed a diet high in n-6 and to further test the effect of time of feeding relative to mating. Ewes were fed a low n-6 (ryegrass silage) or high n-6 (oats and cottonseed meal) diet for ~40 days pre-mating or 40 days pre- and 17 days post-mating. Liveweight, fat score, plasma fatty acid status and lamb sex were determined. The concentration of plasma n-6 was higher (P < 0.001) and the time to oestrus shorter (P < 0.001) when ewes received the high n-6 compared with the low n-6 diet. The proportion of female lambs was higher when ewes were fed the high n-6 compared with the low n-6 diet either pre-mating only (71.3% vs 48.7%, P = 0.017) or both pre- and post-mating (69.6% vs 37.3%, P < 0.001). The sex ratio differed from an expected 50 : 50 when ewes were fed the high n-6 diet (P < 0.001), but not the low n-6 diet (P = 0.223). The effect of the high n-6 diet on the sex ratio of lambs in Merino ewes may act pre-conception, as the effect of the diet was not greater when ewes were fed both pre- and post-mating. Altering diet to increase female lamb proportions may be economically viable to producers of first-cross ewes.

Intergenerational effects of omega-6 fatty acids. 1. The reproductive rate of Border Leicester × Merino ewes is influenced by the diet fed to their dams around conception

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
J. F. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Intergenerational Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Fat Score

The proportion of female lambs was previously higher when Merino dams were fed a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) based on oats and cottonseed meal compared with low in n-6 based on silage around mating. The effect of maternal diet on the reproductive success of the female offspring from these dams has not previously been examined. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the reproductive rate of Border Leicester × Merino ewes was higher when their Merino dams were previously fed a diet high in n-6 compared with low in n-6 around conception. Merino dams were fed diets based on either silage low in n-6 or oats and cottonseed meal high in n-6 fatty acids for ~40 days pre-mating only or 40 days pre-mating and 17 days post-mating in each of 2 years. The reproductive performance (proportion pregnant and fetuses conceived) of their Border Leicester × Merino ewe offspring born in each year was examined at their first mating. Ewe lamb birthweight and fat score at the time of mating was not significantly affected by the diet fed to their dams around mating. The proportion of Border Leicester × Merino ewes pregnant was not different, however the number of fetuses per ewe was significantly (P = 0.002) higher when their dams were fed a High n-6 compared with a Low n-6 diet around mating (1.64 ± 0.05 vs 1.42 ± 0.05 fetuses/ewe pregnant, respectively). The reproduction rate of ewes may be affected by diet fed to their dams in the peri-conceptional period and could be associated with fetal programming.

scholarly journals Association of Whole Blood Fatty Acids and Growth in Southern Ghanaian Children 2–6 Years of Age

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Adjepong ◽  
William Yakah ◽  
William Harris ◽  
Esi Colecraft ◽  
Grace Marquis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

In Ghana, stunting rates in children below 5 years of age vary regionally. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are crucial for linear growth. The objective of this study was to determine the association between blood FAs and growth parameters in southern Ghanaian children 2–6 years of age. A drop of blood was collected on an antioxidant treated card and analyzed for FA composition. Weight and height were measured and z-scores calculated. Relationships between FAs and growth were analyzed by linear regressions and factor analysis. Of the 209 subjects, 22% were stunted and 10.6% were essential FA deficient (triene/tetraene ratio > 0.02). Essential FA did not differ between stunted and non-stunted children and was not associated with height-for-age z-score or weight-for-age z-score. Similarly, no relationships between other blood fatty acids and growth parameters were observed in this population. However, when blood fatty acid levels in these children were compared to previously reported values from northern Ghana, the analysis showed that blood omega-3 FA levels were significantly higher and omega-6 FA levels lower in the southern Ghanaian children (p < 0.001). Fish and seafood consumption in this southern cohort was high and could account for the lower stunting rates observed in these children compared to other regions.

scholarly journals Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents: inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gösta Samuelson ◽  
Lars-Erik Bratteby ◽  
Rawya Mohsen ◽  
Bengt Vessby
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One

The objective of the present study was to describe the intake of dietary fatty acids among healthy 15-year-old boys and girls and to relate the intake of specific fatty acids and the fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters to serum lipid, apolipoprotein (Apo) and insulin concentrations respectively. Fifty-two girls and forty-two boys were randomly selected from the official population register. Unexpectedly, significant inverse associations were found between the dietary content of saturated fatty acids with a chain length of four to fifteen C atoms, mainly derived from milk fat, as well as the corresponding fatty acids in the serum cholesterol esters, on the one hand and the serum concentrations of cholesterol and ApoB on the other. The estimated dietary intake of 4:0–10:0, 12:0 and 14:0 respectively, were all significantly inversely related to the serum cholesterol (r-0.32,r-0.31,r-0.30, all P<0.05) and ApoB (r-0.42,r-0.42, andr-0.40, all P<0.05) concentrations in girls and 12:0 to the ApoB concentration (r-0.55, P<0.01) in boys. The proportions of 12:0 and 15:0 in the serum cholesterol esters were negatively correlated with the serum cholesterol concentrations in both girls (r-0.34,r-0.32, P<0.05) and boys (r-0.53, P<0.01;r-0.32, P<0.05) and with the ApoB concentrations among boys (r-0.61, P<0.01;r-0.43, P<0.05). It is conceivable that milk fat contains or is associated with some component in the diet, or some other characteristics of the food intake, which counterbalances the expected positive relationships between saturated fat intake and lipid levels.

scholarly journals The confusion about dietary fatty acids recommendations for CHD prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
David R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Methodological Aspects

A recent meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies has not found an association between dietary saturated fat intake and CHD incidence. This funnelled the discussion about the importance of the recommendation to lower the intake of saturated fat for the prevention of CHD. At the same time a document of the European Food Safety Authority has suggested that specific quantitative recommendations are not needed for individual fatty acids but that more general statements can suffice. In this review, we discuss methodological aspects of the absence of association between SFA intake and CHD incidence in prospective cohort studies. We also summarise the results of the controlled dietary experiments on blood lipids and on CHD incidence in which saturated fat was replaced by either cis-unsaturated fat or carbohydrates. Finally, we propose a nutritionally adequate diet with an optimal fatty acid composition for the prevention of CHD in the context of dietary patterns. Such diets are characterised by a low intake of saturated fat, and as low as possible intake of trans-fat and fulfil the requirements for the intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. No recommendation is needed for the intake of cis-MUFA.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary lipid sources on layer fertility and hatchability

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
OS Olubowale ◽  
FH De Witt ◽  
JPC Greyling ◽  
A Hugo ◽  
AM Jooste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Lipid Source

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acids (FA) on the fertility and hatchability of laying hens at the end-of-lay period (69 - 77 weeks of age). Five isoenergetic (12.4 MJ ME/kg DM) and isonitrogenous (170 g CP/kg DM) diets were formulated using different lipid sources (30 g/kg inclusion) to manipulate the dietary FA profile. The control diet was formulated using a 50 : 50 blend of linseed and fish oil, while fish oil was used in the polyunsaturated n-3 treatment. Sunflower oil was used in the polyunsaturated n-6 treatment, while in the mono-unsaturated n-9 diet high oleic acid (HO) sunflower oil was used. Lastly, tallow was used as a lipid source in the saturated FA diet. One hundred and twenty five hens (n = 25/treatment) and 50 cockerels (n = 10/treatment) of the Hy-Line Silver-Brown genotype were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments at 20 weeks of age. From 69 weeks of age, hens were inseminated with 0.06 mL undiluted semen from cockerels within the same dietary treatment. Between 71 and 78 weeks of age (49 days) a total of 588 eggs-per-treatment were collected, individually marked (date and hen number) and incubated in a single-stage still-air incubator. Eggs were candled on D7 and D14 to determine embryonic mortalities and a 24 h window for hatching was allowed (D21 + 24 h). Although the fish oil treatment resulted in the lowest egg weights (59.3 g) and fertility (84.6%), it recorded the highest hatchability (76%). In contrast, the sunflower oil treatment recorded the lowest hatchability (58.2%) of all treatments, despite its high egg fertility (89.6%). Results of the study suggest that the dietary fatty acid content, in particular the n-3 and n-6 levels, need critical consideration in terms of concentration and ratio in the formulation of breeder diets to limit embryonic mortalities during incubation.Keywords: Chicks, embryo, mortality, mono-, polyunsaturated fatty acids

scholarly journals Dietary Fatty Acid Saturation Modulates Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Mediated Vascular Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Nuno ◽  
Kathryn G. Lamping
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Fatty Acid Saturation

Sphingolipids, modified by dietary fatty acids, are integral components of plasma membrane and caveolae that are also vasoactive compounds. We hypothesized that dietary fatty acid saturation affects vasoconstriction to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) through caveolar regulation of rho kinase. Wild type (WT) and caveolin-1-deficient (cav-1 KO) mice which lack vascular caveolae were fed a low-fat diet (LF), 60% high-saturated fat diet (lard, HF), or 60% fat diet with equal amounts of lard and n-3 polyunsaturated menhaden oil (MO). Weight gain of WT on HF and MO diets was similar while markedly blunted in cav-1 KO. Neither high-fat diet affected the expression of cav-1, rho, or rho kinase in arteries from WT. In cav-1 KO, MO increased the vascular expression of rho but had no effect on rho kinase. HF had no effect on rho or rho kinase expression in cav-1 KO. S1P produced a concentration-dependent constriction of gracilis arteries from WT on LF that was reduced with HF and restored to normal with MO. Constriction to S1P was reduced in cav-1 KO and no longer affected by a high-saturated fat diet. Inhibition of rho kinase which reduced constriction to PE independent of diet in arteries from WT and cav-1 KO only reduced constriction to S1P in arteries from WT fed MO. The data suggest that dietary fatty acids modify vascular responses to S1P by a caveolar-dependent mechanism which is enhanced by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fats.

Associations of pre-lambing body condition score and serum β-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations with periparturient health of Chios dairy ewes

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Karagiannis ◽  
N. Panousis ◽  
E. Kiossis ◽  
I. Tsakmakidis ◽  
S. Lafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Maternal nutrition in early-mid gestation and placental size in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Clarke ◽  
Lindsay Heasman ◽  
Darren T. Juniper ◽  
Michael E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score

We investigated the influence of restricted maternal nutrition between 30 and 80 d gestation on placental growth. Singleton-bearing ewes were fed on either 0.6 (i.e. nutrient restricted) times their energy requirements or 2.25 times this amount (i.e. controls) up to 80 d gestation, when their placentas and fetuses were sampled and analysed. Nutrient-restricted ewes lost body condition score but not body weight and had lower plasma thyroid hormone concentrations than controls, but there were no differences in plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids or 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations between groups. There was no effect of maternal nutrient restriction on fetal weight, conformation or organ weights with the exception of brain weight which was lower in nutrient-restricted ewes. Nutrient restriction had no effect on total placental weight, or proportion of inverted placentomes, but was associated with an increased abundance of small placentomes and decreased weight of the fetal but not maternal components of the placenta. Fetal cotyledons from nutrient-restricted ewes also had a lower DNA but higher haemoglobin concentration than those sampled from controls. The plasma concentration of triiodothyronine in umbilical cord plasma was also increased in fetuses from nutrient-restricted ewes. In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction during early-mid gestation is associated with a smaller placenta.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document