Replacement of mustard oil cake by urea in short-term strategic feeding of cull ewes to improve body condition and carcass traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Bhatt ◽  
A. Sahoo ◽  
S. A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total N ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Strategic Feeding

Strategic short-term feeding of culled Malpura ewes (age >6 years, average liveweight 26.8 ± 0.96 kg) was aimed at improving their body condition and increase marketability of their carcass following slaughter. Randomly, 8 out of 40 ewes were slaughtered to study initial (Day 0) carcass traits and the remaining ewes were equally divided into two groups: mustard cake (Control) and urea. They were stall fed with ad libitum guar straw (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and concentrate mixture at 25 g/kg liveweight after 4 h of morning grazing in the pasture. The Control group was offered concentrate with solvent extracted mustard cake whereas it was replaced on an equivalent nitrogen (N) basis with urea in the concentrate offered to the other group. Daily feed intake and weekly change in ewe liveweight and body condition score were measured during the 91 days of the experiment. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in digestibility of nutrients between the groups. Both groups had similar dry matter and metabolisable energy intake, but the mustard cake group recorded higher (P < 0.05) cumulative weight gain and body condition score. Ruminal fluid samples and blood biochemical measurements were analysed periodically (0, 45 and 91 days), with ruminal fluid samples during the post-feeding hours also analysed. There was periodic variation in rumen pH (P = 0.013), volatile fatty acid (P = 007), total N (P = 0.001) and ammonia-N (P = 0.025) concentration in both groups. Higher post-feeding volatile fatty acid (P = 0.031) and total N (P = 0.003) values were observed in the mustard cake group. Ruminal ciliate protozoal population showed a quadratic response over time after feeding with an initial decline post-grazing, but was not affected by treatment. Similar significant (P < 0.05) improvements in haemoglobin, glucose, total protein, urea and cholesterol levels were evident in both groups at 91 days. Both treatments showed similar improvement in carcass composition, distribution of fat and chemical composition of Longissimus dorsi after 91 days of realimentation compared with initial values. Short-term pre-slaughter feeding of cull ewes improved body condition, carcass traits and composition. Replacement of costly mustard cake with urea in the diet of cull ewes could be a means to improve profitability of this strategic feeding protocol, as well as enhancing their market value.

scholarly journals The Capacity of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental Cows to Correct a Negative Energy Balance in Relation to Their Performance Parameters, Course of Lactation, and Selected Milk Components

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Ilona Strączek ◽  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Agata Danielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Peak Lactation

A significant factor in improving the performance of dairy cows is their physiological ability to correct a negative energy balance (NEB). This study, using Simmental (SIM) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows, aimed to assess changes in NEB (non-esterified fatty acid; body condition score; and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1) and its effect on the metabolic efficiency of the liver (β-hydroxybutyrate and urea). The effects of NEB on daily yield, production at peak lactation and its duration, and changes in selected milk components were assessed during complete lactation. Up to peak lactation, the loss of the body condition score was similar in both breeds. Subsequently, SIM cows more efficiently restored their BCS. HF cows reached peak lactation faster and with a higher milk yield, but they were less able to correct NEB. During lactation, their non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and urea levels were persistently higher, which may indicate less efficient liver function during NEB. The dynamics of NEB were linked to levels of leptin, which has anorectic effects. Its content was usually higher in HF cows and during intensive lactogenesis. An effective response to NEB may be exploited to improve the production and nutritional properties of milk. In the long term, it may extend dairy cows’ productive life and increase lifetime yield.

Lipogenic activity in Rasa Aragonesa ewes of different body condition score

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arana ◽  
J. A. Mendizabal ◽  
R. Delfa ◽  
P. Eguinoa ◽  
B. Soret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Condition Score

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of body condition score on tissue and metabolic characteristics of the adipose depots in sheep of Rasa Aragonesa breed. Ewes were uniformly assigned according to their body condition score (BCS) (scale 0 to 5), to four groups: 0.75–1.75, 2–2.75, 3–3.75, and 4–4.5. The amount of fat and the adipocyte size in the different adipose depots increased as BCS did (P < 0.001) while the number of adipocytes did not change. The greatest ability to accumulate or mobilize fat was the subcutaneous depot (slope of the regression between amount of fat and BCS, b = 1.92; P < 0.001). Fatty acid synthase (FAS) lipogenic enzyme activity was affected by BCS, while G3-PDH and G6-PDH activities were not. Key words: Adipose tissue, body condition score, adipocyte size, lipogenic enzyme activity, ewes

scholarly journals Effect of Body Condition Score at Calving on Performance, Some Blood Parameters, and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Dairy Cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2528-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottavia Pedron ◽  
Federica Cheli ◽  
Elena Senatore ◽  
Daniela Baroli ◽  
Rita Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Condition Score

Genetic associations between mature size and condition score of Nelore cows, and weight, subjective scores and carcass traits as yearlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane V. de Lacerda ◽  
Gabriel S. Campos ◽  
Daniel D. Silveira ◽  
Vanerlei M. Roso ◽  
Mario L. Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mature Size

The size and body condition of female livestock is critical for improving production efficiency. However, we know little about how height and body condition score in mature beef cattle are genetically related to traits observed when the animals are younger. In the present study, we used data from 321650 Nelore cattle, first, to compare genetic parameters and breeding values on the basis of different models employing weight (MW), height (MH) and body condition score (BCS) of mature cows (3–17 years old). Next, we estimated the genetic correlations between the three traits and assorted yearling traits (YW, weight; YC; conformation score; YP, precocity score; YM, muscling score; YN, navel score; LMA, longissimus muscle area; BF, back fat thickness). Finally, we obtained the expected direct responses to selection for MW, MH and BCS of cows and correlated responses for these traits when the selection was applied to yearling traits. For MW and MH, single-trait Bayesian analyses were used to evaluate the effects of including BCS when defining contemporary groups (BCS included, CG1; BCS not included, CG2). For BCS trait, linear and threshold animal models were compared. After, bi-trait analyses that included MW, MH or BCS with yearling traits were performed. The CG1 scenario resulted in a higher heritability for MW (0.45 ± 0.02) than did CG2 (0.39 ± 0.02). Both scenarios yielded the same heritability estimates for MH (0.35 ± 0.02). Sires’ rank correlations between predicted breeding values under CG1 and CG2 were 0.60–0.92 for MW and 0.90–0.98 for MH, considering different selection intensities. Thus, only for MW genetic evaluations, the incorporation of BCS in the definition of the contemporary groups is indicated. For BCS trait, the same sires were selected regardless of the model (linear or threshold). Genetic correlations between MW and five yearling traits (YW, YC, YP, YM and YN) ranged from 0.18 ± 0.03 to 0.84 ± 0.01. The MH had a higher and positive genetic association with YW (0.64 ± 0.02) and YC (0.54 ± 0.03), than with YN (0.18 ± 0.03). However, MH was negatively and lowly genetically correlated with YP (–0.08 ± 0.03) and YM (–0.14 ± 0.03). The BCS had positive genetic associations with all yearling traits, particularly with YP (0.61 ± 0.06) and YM (0.60 ± 0.07). Mature size and carcass traits exhibited a low to moderate negative genetic correlations. However, BCS had positive genetic associations with LMA (0.38 ± 0.12) and BF (0.32 ± 0.14). Despite a shorter generation interval, selection at the yearling stage will result in a slower genetic progress per generation than does direct selection for cow MW, MH or BCS. Moreover, using YW and YC as selection criteria will increase cattle size at maturity without altering BCS. Last, LMA or BF-based selection will reduce mature size, while improving BCS, as a correlated response.

scholarly journals Effects of short-term feed restriction on milk yield and composition, and hormone and metabolite profiles in mid-lactation Sarda dairy sheep with different body condition score

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pulina ◽  
Anna Nudda ◽  
Gianni Battacone ◽  
Corrado Dimauro ◽  
Alessando Mazzette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Effect of Gender on Growth and Carcass Traits of Romney Marsh Lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-963
Author(s):  
Jan Kuchtík ◽  
Leona Konečná ◽  
Monika Šeligová ◽  
Tomáš Kopec
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Carcass Conformation

The aim of present study was to assess the effect of the gender on growth and carcass traits in lambs of the Romney Marsh breed. The experimental animals were male lambs (n = 12) and female lambs (n = 12) of the Romney Marsh breed. All lambs were twins and all their mothers were on the second parity. With regard to body weights and daily gains (DGs), the gender had a significant effect only on birth weight and DG from birth to the slaughter, while in all monitored intervals the DGs were higher in male lambs (MLs). The lamb gender did not have a significant effect on the easy of lambing, body condition score, depth of musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (DMLLT) and thickness of backfat (TBF). However, values for DMLLT and TBF were higher in female lambs (FLs), which in case of DMLLT was not expected. Regarding the carcass traits, the gender had a significant effect only on the weights of kidney, kidney fat, leg and shoulder and on the proportions of kidney fat and shoulder. Interestingly, the gender had no significant effect on the conformation and fatness, while slightly better carcass conformation and slightly higher fatness were found in FLs. It can be concluded that FLs of the Romney Marsh breed showed comparable values for both the growth and carcass traits with MLs. Moreover, a slightly higher fatness of FLs is a prerequisite for better juiciness and tenderness of their meat, when this fact can be considered as a benefit in the marketing.

scholarly journals Relationships between changes in Holstein cow’s body condition, acetone and urea content in milk and cervical mucus and sperm survival

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Beran ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Monika Okrouhlá
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Sperm Survival ◽  
The Relationship

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between changes in Holstein cow’s body condition score (BCS), acetone and urea content in the milk and cervical mucus (CM) and sperm survival in CM. At insemination, samples of milk and CM were collected from 64 Holstein cows. Content of acetone and urea were determined. Sperm motility was assessed subjectively at the beginning and after 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the short-term heat test in CM. Data about evaluation of cow’s BCS were taken from farm evidence. The data set was analyzed using SAS/STAT software. Effect of change in cow’s BCS one month before insemination was significant only in relation to the acetone content in milk (P < 0.05). Higher values of acetone and urea content were found in the CM compared to milk. Higher levels of both metabolites were detected in primiparous cows and in cows on the third and subsequent lactation, resp. in cows inseminated 3 times and more. The highest values of both metabolites negatively affected sperm survival during the short-term heat test, especially after 90 minutes (P < 0.05–0.01). Significant decreases (P < 0.05–0.01) were detected in cows with the highest level of acetone and urea.

0805 Effect of body condition score on fatty acid composition of equine subcutaneous adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 387-387
Author(s):  
R. M. Humphrey ◽  
A. T. Sukumaran ◽  
R. L. Lemire ◽  
E. N. Ferjak ◽  
C. Cavinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Postpartum supplemental fat, but not maternal body condition score at parturition, affects plasma and adipose tissue fatty acid profiles of suckling beef calves1

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1811-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Lake ◽  
E. J. Scholljegerdes ◽  
T. R. Weston ◽  
D. C. Rule ◽  
B. W. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid ◽  
Tissue Fatty Acid ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Supplemental Fat
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