Natural crossing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Xanthopoulos ◽  
U. E. Kechagia

The extent of natural crossing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was studied in 2 experiments conducted in Greece during 1998 and 1999, using glandless and red-leaf traits as genetic markers. The glandless line was planted in the middle, and the red-leaf both in the middle and the corners, of a commercial cotton field. In the first experiment where estimation of natural crossing was based upon gland status, the percentage ranged from 1.67% to 2.67% in adjacent rows, dropped to 1.42% in plants 2 m apart, and declined to almost zero after 10 m. In the second experiment, where the red-leaf marker gene was used, the mean of natural crossing was 3.85% in adjacent rows, fell to 2.79% in plants 2 m apart, and progressively diminished to 0.31% after 10 m. The mean natural outcrossing in different rows was almost the same in both experiments at the middle of the field and was actually double at the corners. Differences in the extent of natural crossing between the middle and the corners of the field continued to be significant up to 4 m distance. In all cases, distances greater than 10 m among cottons were sufficient to minimise out-crossing ranges.

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Bozbek ◽  
Nedim Ozbek ◽  
Volkan Sezener ◽  
Oktay Erdogan ◽  
Ilkay Yavas ◽  
...  

The purposes of this study were to determine the percentage of out-crossing, isolation distance and pollinator insect species for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed production in the Aydin region in Turkey. The glandless and red-leaf traits in G. hirsutum were used as genetic markers. Two experiments were conducted over two years that monitored out-crossing in adjacent rows and adjacent plants and established that the percentage of out-crossing varied. The percentage of out-crossing varied between 0% and 13.3% depending on the genetic marker. In the experiment to determine isolation distance, natural crossing percentage was not observed in 2002, while this percentage was 0.8% in the first rows in 2003. In this study, cotton fields were also visited once a week during flowering periods for seven weeks in order to determine the numbers of pollinator insect species, where the only detected species was the honey bee. The numbers of pollinator insects were 2.14% (2002) and 1.30% (2003) for adjacent rows; 1.71% (2002) and 2.00% (2003) for adjacent plants in glandless parcels. It is recommended that the isolation distance between genotypes should be approximately 1 m.


1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Pritchard

An albino seedling character in Sorghum almum Parodi was shown to be tetrasomically inherited. Segregation ratios for a pale green seedling character were very variable, and it is probable that more than one gene is involved. With the albino seedling character as a marker gene, it was found that the average natural crossing in S. almum was approximately 54% at one location and 70% at another. The maximum natural crossing between S. almum and S. halepense (L.) Pers. was 57%, but the mean was only 20%. This may indicate that some S. almum plants exhibit a degree of genetic isolation from S. halepense when these species are grown together under natural conditions.


Author(s):  
Seema Aslam ◽  
Huma Iqbal ◽  
Mujahid Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Baber

For the management of germplasm and varietal characterization the understanding and estimation of genetic diversity plays a key role. In this study genetic diversity of thirty Pakistani Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties was determined by using thirteen SSR markers as these markers are highly polymorphic and efficient for comparative genome mapping. Total 48 band were produced by all thirteen markers; five markers were monomorphic and eight were polymorphic. Highest polymorphism was 68% that produced by NAU 2083 marker. To find the genetic relatedness between thirty studied varieties UPGMA was used for the construction of dendrogram. The similarity between studied thirty varieties ranged from 38.46% to 100%. Highest pic value was 0.6484 shown by NAU 2083 and the mean pic value was 0.2833 which predicted that very low genetic diversity is present among the cotton varieties under investigation.


Author(s):  
issaya Kodji issaya ◽  
Beaudelaine Stephanie KENGNI ◽  
TOPE Sidonie FAMENI ◽  
FOHOUO Fernand-Nestor TCHUENGUEM

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of Amegilla calens bee on fruit and seed yields of G. hirsutum in an experimental field, in September 2018 and 2019. The experiments were carried out on 540 flowers divided in four treatments: 120 flowers accessible to all visitors; 120 flowers bagged to avoid all visits; 200 flowers protected and uncovered when they were opened, to allow A. calens visits; 100 flowers bagged then uncovered and rebagged without the visit of insects or any other organism. Bee’s daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behaviour on flowers, its pollination efficiency, the fruiting rate, the number of seeds per fruit and the percentage of normal seeds were evaluated. Among the 20 insect species recorded on G. hirsutum flowers, A. calens was the most frequent insect with 30.72 % of 655 visits. On flowers, individual bee intensely collected pollen and slightly harvested nectar. The mean duration of a visit per flower was 23.56 sec for pollen harvest and 13.68 sec for nectar collection. For the two years, through its pollination efficiency, A. calens increased the fruiting rate by 20.30 %, as well as the percentage of normal seeds by 32.39 %.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
SIWI SUMARTINI ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽  
SRI RUSTINI ◽  
ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN

ABSTRAK<br />Produksi benih varietas kapas hibrida dapat ditempuh dengan dua<br />cara, yaitu dengan persilangan manual dan dengan memanfaatkan galur<br />mandul jantan (male-sterile line). Memproduksi benih kapas secara<br />persilangan manual memerlukan tenaga dan biaya yang tinggi, dan biaya<br />tersebut dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan galur male steril. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau<br />dan Serat, di Karangploso, Malang, Jawa Timur, dari bulan April sampai<br />Oktober 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi hasil<br />galur-galur mandul jantan kapas untuk memproduksi benih hibrida. Tiga<br />aksesi kapas yaitu KI 487, KI 489, dan KI 494 yang memiliki persentase<br />tanaman mandul jantan masing-masing 60,8%, 57,5%, dan 65% telah<br />digunakan sebagai donor sifat mandul jantan dan telah dilakukan introgresi<br />sifat mandul jantan dari ketiga aksesi tersebut ke varietas komersial<br />Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9 melalui persilangan pada tahun 2006<br />dan diperoleh 9 set kombinasi persilangan. Pada tahun 2007, evaluasi<br />potensi galur dilakukan terhadap 8 galur F1 mandul jantan, 3 tetua jantan<br />yaitu varietas Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9, serta satu varietas baru<br />yaitu Kanesia 12 sebagai pembanding yang disusun dalam rancangan acak<br />kelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Plot percobaan berukuran 3 x 10 m 2<br />dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm; satu tanaman per lubang. Dosis<br />pupuk yang digunakan adalah 100 kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 +<br />100kg KCL per ha. Tidak dilakukan pengendalian hama dengan<br />insektisida kimia selama penelitian. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah<br />kemandulan benangsari secara visual dan mikroskopis, jumlah buah per<br />tanaman, bobot buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan secara visual dan mikroskopis terhadap<br />struktur bunga menunjukkan bahwa semua individu tanaman dari 8 galur<br />F1 yang diuji adalah mandul jantan. Jumlah buah galur mandul jantan 7 –<br />96% lebih banyak tetapi ukuran buahnya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan<br />Kanesia. Galur-galur mandul jantan KI 494 x Kanesia 7 dan KI 494 x<br />Kanesia 8 memberikan hasil kapas berbiji paling tinggi masing-masing<br />2.609kg dan 2.153kg per hektar dibandingkan dengan galur-galur lain,<br />atau sebesar 94 % dan 95% dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7 dan Kanesia<br />8. Persilangan alami galur-galur tersebut bervariasi sebesar 51 – 95%.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum. L., mandul jantan, benih hibrida<br />ABSTRACT<br />Cotton yield potential of F1 male sterile lines under<br />natural crossing<br />Cotton hybrid seed production can be done by manual crossing and<br />by using male steril line methods. The manual crossing technique is<br />however labor dan cost intensive, and the cost can only be reduced by<br />using male sterile lines. The experiment was conducted in Karangploso<br />Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java, from April to Oktober 2007<br />aiming to evaluate the yield potential of cotton male sterile lines. Three<br />cotton accessions e.i KI 487, KI 489, and KI 494 which have male sterility<br />percentage of 60.8%, 57.5%, and 65%, respectively, were used as donor<br />for male sterility and were then introgressed to three commercial cotton<br />variety, Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9 through manual crossing, and<br />that resulted in nine sets of crossing combinations. In 2007, yield potential<br />were studied including 8 F1 male sterile lines, 3 male parent lines (Kanesia<br />7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9), and one new cotton variety, Kanesia 12, as<br />control in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 3 x<br />10 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing; one plant per hill. Fertilizer<br />dosage was 100kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 + 100kg KCl per ha.<br />Chemical insecticide was not used for insect protection during the<br />research. Parameters observed were plants male sterility, number of bolls<br />per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. The experimental result<br />showed that both visual and microscopic observation of male sterility on<br />individual plants confirmed that the eight F1 lines tested were male sterile.<br />Number of bolls per plant of male sterile lines were 7 – 96% higher than<br />that of Kanesia’s, but boll size was smaller. Lines KI 494 x Kanesia 7 and<br />KI 494 x Kanesia 8 produced highest cotton seed yield of 2609 kg and<br />2153 kg per hectar, respectively, which were 94% and 95% of that of their<br />male parents, Kanesia 7 and Kanesia 8, respectively. Natural crossing of<br />those lines varied around 51 – 95%.<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L., male sterile, hybrid seed


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