Restricted Selection Indexes: Genetic Responses Involving Maternal Effect for Weaning Weight and Other Growth Traits in Beef Cattle

Growth traits of purebred calves of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus – AA, Blonde d’Aquitaine – BA, Charolais – CH,Hereford – HE, Limousine – LI and Beef Simmental – BS) born from 1998 to 2002 were analysed. Traits under study were birth weight (BW), weight at 120 days (W120), weight at 210 days – weaning weight (WW), weight at 365 days – yearling weight (YW) and average daily gains from birth to 120 days (ADG1), from birth to 210 days (ADG2), from birth to 365 days (ADG3), from 120 to 210 days (ADG4). General linear model with class effects of breed, dam’s age at calving, sex, herd-year-season (HYS) and covariation of age at weighing was used for analyses. All effects significantly affected both weight and gain traits except for dam’s age that was significant for BW, W120, YW and ADG3, and age at weighing that was significant for W120, WW, YW, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4. Estimated least squares means of growth traits were compared using Scheffe’s multiple-range tests. Highest BW (40.57 kg) and W120 (172.43 kg) were found for BA calves. BS calves had highest WW (260.30 kg), YW (424.07 kg), ADG1 (1 154 g), ADG2 (1 053 g), ADG3 (1 054 g) and ADG4 (1 098 g). Highest BW, YW, ADG3 and ADG4 were found for males-singles. Males-twins had highest W120, WW, ADG1 and ADG2. Calves descending from 5–7 years old dams had highest BW, W120, WW, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG4. The proportion of variability of growth traits explained by HYS effect (42.96–71.69%) was high, whereas proportions of variability explained by SEX effect (2.03–5.77%), age of dam (1.02–2.24%) and breed (1.05–2.21%) were low. Residuals accounted for 23.71 up to 53.79% of total variance.  

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Detection of GHR|AluI gene polymorphism and its association with body weight of Madura cattle in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012013

Author(s):

Hartati ◽

N H Krisna ◽

F Firdaus ◽

S P Rahmadani ◽

B D P Soewandi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Population Sample ◽

Growth Trait ◽

Allele Frequencies ◽

Research Station ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Ghr Gene

Abstract Madura cattle is a one of the native cattle that are genetically tolerant of tropical climates. Madura cattle are one of the beef cattle breeds in Indonesia. Madura cattle can be a superior breed, but improving growth trait in Madura cattle needs to be conducted. The early step that was needed was for detecting the genes which were involved in growth traits. The purpose of this research was for detecting GHR gene polymorphisms and its association with body weight of Madura cattle population in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. This study used 110 DNA samples of Madura cattle that was collected from the experimental barn at Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. DNA samples were extracted by DNA extraction kit. Genotype of GHR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzymes. In this study, association genotype and body weight was analysed by univariate GLM method. The birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 months weight of Madura cattle were 16.8±0.3 kg; 82.4±2.3 kg; 124.6±3.7 kg and 166.7±5.0 kg, respectively. The GHR genes of Madura cattle had 3 genotypes AA, AG and GG and genotype frequencies of GHR gene were 0.273 (AA), 0.373 (AG), 0.355 (GG), respectively. Whereas the allele frequencies of A was 0.459 and the allele frequencies of G was 0.541. Based on Chi-square (X2) analysis showed that the population sample was not disequilibrium. The result of association analysis was significant (P <0.05) on weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 month weight. It was concluded that the GHR gene has potential as a genetic marker for growth traits and can be used as MAS in Madura cattle in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station.

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Selection indexes for bulls of beef cattle

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3941-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 285-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Šafus ◽

J. Přibyl ◽

Z. Veselá ◽

L. Vostrý ◽

M. Štípková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Effect ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Breeding Objective ◽

Beef Herd ◽

Selection Indexes ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Selection Of

Three selection indexes were constructed for bulls of beef cattle: IM for terminal crossing (in dairy herds), IZ for the selection of foundation sires for beef herd and IS for the selection of bulls for beef herd. Each index was constructed in five variants that differed in the number of used traits from the most important ones to all traits with known breeding values. The sources of information were breeding values routinely calculated in performance testing – 10 breeding values for direct and maternal effects for easy calving and growth, breeding value for daily gain of bulls at performance-testing stations and 10 breeding values for the type traits of young animals. The reliability of partial breeding values that enter into the indexes ranged from 11% to 36%. Reliability influences subsequent accuracy of index selection for total genotype that is in the range of 30% to 46%. The discounting of economic values (0% or 10%) did not influence the selection indexes significantly. Index selection was expressed almost exclusively in genetic gain of direct effects while maternal effects were of only small importance in the breeding objective. Direct effects for daily gain until weaning and after weaning are of the highest importance in the breeding objective, accounting for 90% to 96% of the total selection effect. The most important information sources in selection indexes are direct effect of weaning weight (importance of approximately 74% to 95%) and maternal effect of weaning weight (importance of approximately 5% to 7%). The inclusion of daily gain of bulls at performance-testing stations with the importance of about 16% in the index decreased the importance of weaning weight. Selection can be aimed at these main traits – calving ease (direct and maternal effect) and weight at 210 days (direct and maternal effect) only because the importance of the other traits in the index is very low.  

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Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 1. Growth traits

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03071 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

K. C. Prayaga

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Least Squares ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Final Weight

Data from a crossbreeding experiment conducted during 1992–97 involving 31 genotypes from tropically adapted British (B), Sanga-derived (S), Zebu cross (Zx), Zebu (Z), and Continental (C) beef cattle breed groups were analysed to compare least-squares means, direct and maternal genetic effects, and heterosis estimates for birthweight, weaning weight, yearling weight, final weight (18 months), and pre- and post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). The genotypes were regrouped as Bos taurus (B, S, C)- and Bos indicus (Z, Zx)-derived groups to enable the comparison of direct (dD) and maternal (mD) dominance effects among indicine (II), taurine–indicine (TI), and taurine (TT) crosses. Genotype, contemporary group (year of birth, season of birth, and age of the dam), sex, and genotype × sex interactions were significant (P < 0.01) sources of variation for all the traits. Treatment to control parasites significantly (P < 0.01) affected post-weaning growth traits. In general, crossbred calves performed better than purebred calves. Z dam breeds resulted in lower birthweight, and Z sire breeds and S dam breeds resulted in heavier birthweights. For traits after birth, ZC and ZC crosses with S and Z showed heavier weights and higher gains. Prior to weaning, males weighed significantly more and gained weight at a faster rate than females in most of the crossbreds. Weight gain was relatively low between weaning and yearling age.Direct and maternal additive effects were estimated as a deviation from the British breed group mean for various traits. Direct additive effects of C, Z, and S were high and significantly different from the British mean for all the growth traits. Maternal additive effects of C were low and not significantly different from the British mean. Large negative maternal additive effects of Z and Zx caused lower birthweights of calves from Z and Zx dams. A decrease of maternal additive effect from weaning to final weight and pre-weaning to post-weaning ADG was noticed. The magnitude of dD effects was higher in TI crosses than in II crosses for all the traits except for birthweight, indicating the advantage of Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses. In TT crosses, dD was only significant for weaning weight (P�<�0.01) and pre-weaning ADG (P < 0.05). Significant (P < 0.01) and positive mD effects observed in TI crosses indicated a better maternal environment provided by crossbred dams. High correlation coefficient estimates (0.92–0.99) between least-squares means and predicted means, observed for a set of F1 genotypes, indicated the prediction of performance of untested genotypes with reasonable accuracy. The per cent heterosis estimates were higher in Zebu × British breed crosses.

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GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GROWTH TRAITS OF HEREFORD AND ABERDEEN ANGUS CALVES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas75-062 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 503-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. W. KENNEDY ◽

C. R. HENDERSON

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growth Trait ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Calf Growth ◽

Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Daily Gain

Canadian Record of Performance for Beef Cattle data were used to estimate genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations between pairs of four calf growth traits: weaning weight, preweaning average daily gain (ADG), yearling weight and postweaning ADG. A total of 61,688 Hereford and 22,333 Aberdeen Angus records were studied. Average genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlation estimates, in that order, for the following growth trait combinations were:.997,.974 and.979 for weaning weight and preweaning ADG;.801,.709 and.726 for weaning weight and yearling weight;.784,.692 and.706 for preweaning ADG and yearling weight;.516, −.143 and.104 for weaning weight and postweaning ADG;.494, −.142 and.094 for preweaning ADG and postweaning ADG; and.875,.595 and.741 for yearling weight and postweaning ADG.

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PSXI-7 Genomic analysis of heterosis in a composite beef cattle breed

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 244-244

Author(s):

El Hamidi Hay ◽

Andrew Roberts

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome

Abstract Crossbreeding is widely used in the beef cattle industry to exploit benefits of heterosis. This study evaluated the effects of heterozygosity on growth traits in an Angus x Hereford cross population. Moreover, a genome wide association study was conducted to detect regions in the genome with significant dominance effects on growth traits contributing to heterosis. A total of 1,530 animals, comprised of pure Line 1 Hereford, Angus and Angus x Line 1 Hereford crosses, were evaluated. Phenotypes included birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight. All animals were genotyped with GeneSeek GGP LD 50k. Effects of genomic heterozygosity on growth traits were estimated. These effects were -0.76 kg (P < 0.001), 4.67 kg (P < 0.0001), 42.39 kg (P < 0.02) on birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight respectively. A genome wide association study revealed several SNP markers with significant heterotic effects associated with birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight. These SNP markers were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 14, 19, 13 and 12. Genes in these regions were reported to be involved in growth and other important physiological mechanisms. Our study revealed several regions associated with dominance effects and contributing to heterosis. These results could be beneficial in optimizing crossbreeding.

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Monte Carlo Study of Within-Herd Multiple Trait Evaluation of Beef Cattle Growth Traits

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1981.522248x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 248-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. J. Pollak ◽

R. L. Quaas

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Monte Carlo Study ◽

Multiple Trait

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Trends in genetic diversity and the effect of inbreeding in American Angus cattle under genomic selection

Genetics Selection Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12711-021-00644-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel A. Lozada-Soto ◽

Christian Maltecca ◽

Duc Lu ◽

Stephen Miller ◽

John B. Cole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Genomic Selection ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Effective Population ◽

Angus Cattle ◽

Genomic Inbreeding ◽

Chromosome Segments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Increased inbreeding may affect fitness and decrease the mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility and growth in beef cattle, with the age of inbreeding having a possible effect on the magnitude of inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in genetic diversity as a result of the implementation of genomic selection in Angus cattle and quantify potential inbreeding depression effects of total pedigree and genomic inbreeding, and also to investigate the impact of recent and ancient inbreeding. Results We found that the yearly rate of inbreeding accumulation remained similar in sires and decreased significantly in dams since the implementation of genomic selection. Other measures such as effective population size and the effective number of chromosome segments show little evidence of a detrimental effect of using genomic selection strategies on the genetic diversity of beef cattle. We also quantified pedigree and genomic inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. While inbreeding did not affect fertility, an increase in pedigree or genomic inbreeding was associated with decreased birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain in both sexes. We also measured the impact of the age of inbreeding and found that recent inbreeding had a larger depressive effect on growth than ancient inbreeding. Conclusions In this study, we sought to quantify and understand the possible consequences of genomic selection on the genetic diversity of American Angus cattle. In both sires and dams, we found that, generally, genomic selection resulted in decreased rates of pedigree and genomic inbreeding accumulation and increased or sustained effective population sizes and number of independently segregating chromosome segments. We also found significant depressive effects of inbreeding accumulation on economically important growth traits, particularly with genomic and recent inbreeding.

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