Genetic and phenotypic relationships between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and net feed intake, fat, and growth traits in Angus beef cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Moore ◽  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
H-U. Graser ◽  
R. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Igf I

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration measured in the blood plasma of 6520 seedstock Angus beef cattle (3622 bulls and 2898 heifers) from eastern Australia between 2002 and 2004 was used to estimate the heritability of IGF-I and phenotypic and genetic correlations with net feed intake (NFI) and other production traits. The average concentration of IGF-I was 314 ng/mL measured at the average age of 242 days. A moderate heritability of 0.35 was estimated for IGF-I. IGF-I was further defined as being measured either at, or prior to, weaning (average age of 201 days) or post-weaning (average age 310 days). The genetic correlation between IGF-I recorded at the different ages was 1.0 ± 0.04. IGF-I and NFI were found to have a genetic correlation of 0.41 ± 0.21. IGF-I had positive genetic correlations of 0.22 ± 0.14, 0.19 ± 0.14, and 0.26 ± 0.15 with ultrasound-scanned subcutaneous fat depth at the rump (P8) and 12/13th rib (RIB) sites and intramuscular fat % (IMF), respectively. Corresponding phenotypic correlations were 0.14, 0.13, and 0.12, respectively, for P8, RIB, and IMF. IGF-I had low to moderate negative genetic correlations with growth traits. Direct genetic correlations for IGF-I of –0.22 ± 0.08, –0.17 ± 0.09 and –0.10 ± 0.14 were estimated with birth (BWT), 200-day (WT200), and 400-day (WT400) weights, respectively. Genetic correlations between the direct component of IGF-I and maternal components of BWT and WT200 were 0.15 ± 0.13 and 0.31 ± 0.11, respectively. Phenotypic correlations of the direct component of IGF-I with the direct components of BWT, WT200, and WT400 were –0.10, 0.06, and 0.16, respectively. Ultrasound-scanned eye muscle area (EMA) and IGF-I had genetic and phenotypic correlations of –0.22 ± 0.15 and 0.13, respectively. This study showed that IGF-I is heritable and genetically correlated with important production traits. The genetic correlations indicate that selection for lower IGF-I concentrations would result in cattle that have lower NFI (i.e. more feed efficient), are leaner, with increased growth, and possibly decreased maternal weaning weight.

Insulin-like growth factor-I measured in juvenile pigs is genetically correlated with economically important performance traits

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bunter ◽  
S. Hermesch ◽  
B. G. Luxford ◽  
H-U. Graser ◽  
R. E. Crump
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Daily Gain

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a naturally occurring polypeptide produced in the liver, muscle and fat tissues. It is known to be associated with growth and development during the postnatal growth period. Evidence for strong genetic correlations between juvenile IGF-I and performance traits would suggest this physiological measure would be useful as an early selection criterion. This paper reports estimates of genetic parameters from 9 trials where IGF-I was measured in juvenile pigs. All trials involved populations undergoing active selection for improved performance (e.g. efficient lean meat growth). Juvenile IGF-I was moderately heritable (average h2: 0.31) and influenced by common litter effects (average c2: 0.15). Genetic correlations (rg) between juvenile IGF-I and backfat (BF), feed intake (FI) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) traits were generally large and positive: rg averaged 0.57, 0.41 and 0.65, respectively. Phenotypic correlations (rp) between juvenile IGF-I and BF, FI or FCR were much lower (rp averaged 0.21, 0.09, and 0.15, respectively) as residual correlations between IGF-I and these performance traits were low, consistent with being measured at very different times. Correlations (genetic or phenotypic) between juvenile IGF-I and growth traits (e.g. lifetime daily gain or test daily gain) were relatively low, with average values within ± 0.09 of zero. Results from the trials reported here, and several physiological studies, indicate that information on juvenile IGF-I concentration can be used as an early physiological indicator of performance traits traditionally measured later in life. There is a clear role for juvenile IGF-I to facilitate pre-selection and more accurate selection of livestock for hard to measure traits, such as FCR, in pig breeding programs.

Genetic correlation between growth and reproductive performance of beef females depends on environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário L. Santana Jr ◽  
Joanir P. Eler ◽  
Annaiza B. Bignardi ◽  
Arione A. Boligon ◽  
José B. S. Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Environment Interaction

In tropical production systems, beef cattle are raised in highly heterogeneous environments. Heterogeneity is, therefore, expected to exist in the (co)variance components for traits of economic interest in different production environments. The main objective of the present study was to estimate genetic correlations between growth traits and reproductive performance of beef females, depending on the environment. The present study was conducted in the tropical region of Brazil, applying a multiple-trait random regression animal model to field records of heifer pregnancy (HP), hip height, bodyweight at ~18 months of age (BW18) and postweaning weight gain (PWG) from 20 893 Nelore females. As evidence of genotype by environment interaction (G × E), heterogeneity of genetic variance across environments was observed mainly for HP, PWG and BW18. Moreover, the estimates of genetic correlation within these traits reached values lower than unity on the environmental gradient. The genetic correlation among growth traits tended to be stronger in favourable environments, a fact that should favour correlated responses under these conditions. In contrast, the genetic correlations between growth traits and HP tended to become weaker and even exhibited little evidence of antagonism in more favourable environments. On the basis of these findings, selection for higher growth in extreme favourable environments should result in little or no damage to HP as a correlated response. All these results lead us to believe that the G × E is an important factor to be considered in genetic evaluations of beef cattle raised in tropical environments.

scholarly journals Heritability and genetic correlations of feed intake, body weight gain, residual gain, and residual feed intake of beef cattle as heifers and cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey C Freetly ◽  
Larry A Kuehn ◽  
Richard M Thallman ◽  
Warren M Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Abstract The cow herd consumes approximately 70% of the annual feed resources. To date, most genetic evaluations of feed intake in beef cattle have been made in growing animals and little information is available for mature cows. Genetic evaluations in mature cows have predominately been confined to lactating dairy cows and the relationship between feed intake as growing heifers and mature cows has not been addressed. It was the purpose of this study to estimate the heritability of feed intake when measured as growing heifers and mature cows and determine the genetic correlation between these measurements. Individual feed intake and BW gain were measured on 687 heifers and 622 5-yr-old cows. The heritability of average daily DMI (ADDMI) estimated in heifers was 0.84 ± 0.12 and 0.53 ± 0.12 in cows. The heritability of ADG estimated in heifers was 0.53 ± 0.12 and 0.34 ± 0.11 in cows. The genetic correlation between heifer and cow ADDMI was 0.84 ± 0.09. The genetic correlation between heifer and cow ADG was 0.73 ± 019. Heritability of residual feed intake in heifers was 0.25 ± 0.11 and 0.16 ± 0.10 in cows. Heritability for residual gain in heifers was 0.21 ± 0.11 and 0.14 ± 0.10 in cows. Feed intake and ADG are heritable and genetically correlated between heifers and cows. Selection for decreased feed intake and ADG in growing animals will probably have the same directional effects on mature cows.

Insulin-like growth factor I inhibits degradation and improves retention of protein in hindlimb muscle of lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. E973-E982 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Oddy ◽  
P. C. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
Igf I

We infused recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for 4 h at 12.3 micrograms.h-1.kg live weight-1 directly into the left femoral artery and measured the rates of synthesis, degradation, and gain of protein by the treated and contralateral limbs of well-fed (n = 8), feed-restricted (n = 10), and fasted (n = 9) castrated male lambs. Reducing feed intake decreased net protein gain of hindlimb muscle, reduced hindlimb glucose uptake, and lowered arterial plasma concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, glucose, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine. The effect of nutrition on IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) was generally small; IGFBP-2 was more abundant in fasted lambs. Infusion of IGF-I into the left femoral artery increased plasma levels of IGF-I 2- to 4-fold in the left femoral vein and by 1.5- to 3-fold in the artery and right femoral vein. In the treated limb, IGF-I reduced protein degradation, increased protein gain, and increased glucose uptake without altering blood flow or oxygen uptake, regardless of feed intake. Systemically, IGF-I reduced plasma insulin, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, and leucine in all nutrition groups. Plasma IGFBP-3 was increased by 4 h of IGF-I treatment in fasted but not in fed lambs. In fed but not fasted lambs, IGF-I increased blood glucose concentration. Effects of IGF-I on protein metabolism in the contralateral limb were affected by nutrition, generally more so in fasted than in unrestricted fed lambs.

scholarly journals 94 Genetic basis of blood traits in beef cattle and their relationship to production traits at weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Josue Chinchilla-Vargas ◽  
Luke Kramer ◽  
Toby D Lester ◽  
Toby D Lester ◽  
Elizabeth A Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Abstract Disease represents one of the main factors that determine profitability in animal production. Previous research has observed significant correlations between blood cell counts and the animal’s health status. We hypothesize that blood cell traits may be an effective indicator of performance in beef cattle. Complete blood counts were recorded from approximately 500 crossbred animals at weaning (Angus background crossed with Hereford, Charolais, Sim-Angus, Brangus) born between 2015 and 2016 and raised on toxic or novel tall fescue on three different farms. The animals were genotyped at an approximate density of 50,000 SNPs and the genotypes were imputed to an approximate density of 200,000 SNPs. Heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for 15 blood and 4 production traits across and within environments. Finally, with the objective of identifying the genetic basis underlying the different blood traits, a genome wide association study (GWAS) was performed for all traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.11 to 0.60, and generally weak phenotypic correlations and strong genetic correlations were found, however these parameters varied across environments, pointing to GxE interactions. GWAS identified 90 1 Mb windows that explained 0.5% or more of the estimated genetic variance for at least 1 trait with 21 windows overlapping two or more traits. Further research efforts include identifying underlying candidate genes for traits and comparing toxic and novel fescue effects on blood traits. It appears that blood traits have weak phenotypic correlations but strong genetic correlations among themselves, as evidenced by important overlapping regions of genetic control for similar blood traits. However, blood traits have limited potential as indicator traits for productivity.

Heritability of feed intake in grazing Merino ewes and the genetic relationships with production traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
E. Safari ◽  
S. I. Mortimer ◽  
J. C. Greeff ◽  
S. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

The feed intake of 1279 mature non-pregnant and non-lactating Merino ewes grazing pasture was estimated by faecal marker dilution methods using rumen controlled-release devices containing chromium sesquioxide capsules. The ewes were from two genetic resource flocks (QPLU$ flock at Trangie in NSW and a Western Australia flock at Katanning) that are representative of the major bloodlines and strains in the Australian Merino population. Pedigree information over several generations was used to genetically link other animals from the resource flocks that had additional production data to allow estimation of genetic correlations between feed intake and production traits with greater accuracy. Data were available for over 16 000 records for growth, wool and reproduction traits from the ewes and their relatives, together with carcass and meat quality traits from over 4000 rams that were slaughtered at ~18 months of age. Feed intake of the ewes was significantly affected by the reproductive status of the ewes at their previous lambing and feed intake, expressed as relative digestible dry matter intake (rDDMI), had an estimated heritability of 0.32 ± 0.08. The genetic correlations between rDDMI and growth traits were positive and larger than their standard error for birth (0.24 ± 0.12) and hogget (0.20 ± 0.09) weight, although inclusion of ewe liveweight as a covariate in the model reduced the correlations to close to zero. Generally, the genetic correlations between rDDMI and the wool, reproduction, carcass and meat quality traits were close to zero and smaller than their standard errors, with little effect of including ewe liveweight as a covariate. The results suggest that feed requirements of ewes could be reduced by selection, although ewe weight and growth would also decline unless accounted for in the model. Practical and cost effective methods of measurement of intake under grazing conditions need to be developed.

Genetic correlations between female fertility and postweaning growth and feed efficiency traits in multibreed beef cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mu ◽  
G. Vander Voort ◽  
M.K. Abo-Ismail ◽  
R. Ventura ◽  
J. Jamrozik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fertility Traits

With selection in beef cattle now incorporating feed efficiency, knowing the relationship with other traits is needed. Genetic relationships were estimated with an animal model in ASReml with a three-generation pedigree inclusive of 2882 animals. Multibreed data from two Ontario beef research farms with fertility traits were available on 1366 females and postweaning traits, including feed efficiency on 1297 individuals. Estimates of heritability for fertility traits were low to moderate ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 for pregnancy rate to 0.21 ± 0.02 for gestation length, and postweaning traits were moderate to high with feed conversion ratio at 0.22 ± 0.06 to mid-metabolic weight at 0.89 ± 0.01. Both dry matter intake and mid-metabolic weight were genetically correlated with most fertility traits from −0.52 to 0.34. The genetic correlation between average daily gain and days to calving was moderately negative (–0.33 ± 0.16) as was residual feed intake with days to calving (–0.34 ± 0.17). Bigger cows with more feed intake and faster growth were more fertile, and residual feed intake had an unfavorable genetic correlation with days to calving, indicating that programs to select for feed efficiency should include fertility simultaneously in a selection index.

Polymorphism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Gene among Chicken Breeds in Egypt

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Gouda ◽  
Gamal S. Essawy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Sscp Analysis ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
I Gene

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) regulates growth, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates. Polymorphisms of IGF-I gene transcripts of three breeds of chicken were assessed. The associations of these polymorphisms with the growth rate of the studied breeds were also evaluated. Total RNA was isolated from chicken livers, and the IGF-I gene was amplified from each breed RNA by RT-PCR using specific primers flanking a certain region of the gene. The amplified RT-PCR products were formed to identify the transcripts and to correlate them to the phenotype of growth, by performing single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for genotype identification. In this report, we describe how SSCP analysis of RT-PCR products can be used to evaluate the transcript expression pattern of avian IGF-I polymorphism, and their effect on the growth traits of chickens.

Effects of combined Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge and change in environmental temperature on production, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and cortisol parameters in growing pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Kerr ◽  
G. J. Eamens ◽  
J. Briegel ◽  
P. A. Sheehy ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I

There is limited information on the combined effects of stress factors on physiological and endocrinological parameters in growing pigs. This study measured the effects of pleuropneumonia and changes in environmental temperature singularly and in combination. Forty entire male pigs (liveweight 33 ± 5 kg) were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments: control (22�C room temperature), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge (Day�1), temperature stress (15�C for 8 h on Days 0, 1, and 2, and 30�C for 24 h on Day 6), or combined A.�pleuropneumoniae challenge and temperature stress. Control pigs had an average daily gain of 1.15 ± 0.12 kg/day and an average daily feed intake of 2.29 ± 0.06 kg/day over 8 days. Challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae caused a reduction (P < 0.001) in feed intake, weight gain, and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration and an increase (P < 0.001) in plasma cortisol concentration. There was no significant effect of the temperature stress on circulating cortisol and IGF-I concentrations or liveweight gain. Thus, the treatment effects did not appear to be additive and the effects of the A. pleuropneumoniae challenge were more profound than changes in ambient air temperature.

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