Effect of temperature of storage and age of fowl eggs on hatchability and sex ratio, growth, and viability of the chickens

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Effect Of Age

Fertile White Leghorn eggs were stored for periods ranging from 24 hr to 7 days in environments controlled at 40, 60, or 80°F and 70 per cent. relative humidity. The eggs were then incubated, and observations on numbers of incubator clears and dead embryos at 10 days and again at 17 days, numbers of chickens hatched, weight at hatching, sex ratio, weight of pullets at 14 days of age, and mortalities were recorded. Eggs stored at 40 and 60°F showed no effect of age of egg on number of clears, dead embryos, or number of chickens hatched. Eggs stored at 80°F showed a rapid fall in number of chickens hatched with age of egg before incubation, this effect being produced by increases in number of clears and dead embryos. Storage at 40°F produced a lower number of chickens hatched than at 60°F, owing to a higher number of incubator clears. There was no difference in sex ratio between chickens hatched from eggs stored at 60 and 80°F, neither departing significantly from 50 per cent. pullets. However, storage at 40°F produced significantly more pullets than cockerels, 54.6 per cent. of the chickens being pullets. Storage temperature and age of egg did not affect the hatching weight of the chickens, but when 14 days old, pullets from the eggs stored at 80°F were significantly heavier than pullets from the other groups.

Anacondas’ Tales

Anaconda ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 49-78
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Very High

This chapter examines the lives and tribulations of anacondas. Anacondas, like humans, produce the same number of males and females because the sex ratio is determined by sexual chromosomes. If the sexes start out equally abundant, why would there be so many more males out there in the wild? In some vertebrates one sex or the other disperses away from the area they were born. However, the author does not believe migration plays a significant role with anacondas. For starters, males are the sex with the wanderlust, not females. As such, this would not account for the lower number of females. Moreover, migration should not be very high due to the fact that the study site is the only region that holds water, so animals might move out in the wet season, but they would likely come back in the dry season, when the author did most of the sampling. If migration is not the answer for the uneven sex ratio, one is left with mortality of females as the only explanation. If females suffered higher death rates, that could explain the male bias in the population that the model estimated. Looking further into the results of the population model, the author found that females have a lower estimated survival than males. The chapter then considers the reasons females have higher mortality. The large expenditure in reproduction females incur might result in death not only as a result of predation but also during or after feeding due to weakening.

Measurements by two methods of the susceptibility to DDT and Dieldrin of Glossina palpalis (R.-D.) in Northern Nigeria

1966 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Insecticide Concentration ◽  
Testing Susceptibility ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

The susceptibilities to DDT and to dieldrin of one-day-old teneral examples of Glossina palpalis (R. -D.), obtained from pupae collected from the field, were measured in the laboratory in Nigeria by two methods, one recommended by the W.H.O. Expert Committee on Insecticides (1963) and the other described by Kernaghan & Johnston (1962).Pupae were kept in dry sand at a controlled temperature of 78–79°F. and 70–80 per cent. relative humidity until the adult flies emerged, and the latter were then kept individually in 3 × 1 in. glass tubes. All exposures to insecticides were carries out at room temperatures. Five flies were exposed together for one hour in the W.H.O. method, and flies were exposed individually for 1 1/2 minutes in the other method. After exposure, they were kept in a cabinet at 78–79°F. and 60–70 per cent. relative humidity. Mortalities were assessed 8, 24 and 48 hr. after the end of exposure, but only the 24-hr. results are presented. Regression lines and values for LC50’s were calculated by the method of probitsThe mortalities amongst untreated flies averaged 5.6 per cent. for males and 5.1 for females, the latter value being insignifiantly affected by the method used. Dieldrin was far more toxic than DDT to both sexes, and females were apparently more susceptible than males to both insecticides; it is suggested that females pick up relatively more of a given deposit because of their greater weight.The slope of the regression line relating mortality to insecticide concentration was steeper for long exposures than for short ones; it is suggested that this comes about because some insecticide picked up by the flies is lost after they are removed from the treated surface, the loss being relatively greater when greater discussed, and it is concluded that exposure for 1 1/2 minutes is long for satisfactory assessment of susceptibility when continuous contact with the insecticide is ensured (as in the method used for this period), but that exposure for 1 hour, ensuring 100 per cent. mortality at some concentrations, is preferable for detection of resistance. Although mortality from an insecticide may not be completed until 72 hr. after exposure, observations 24 hr. after are considered adequate.The relative merits of the two methods of testing susceptibility are discussed. It is concluded than the method of Kernaghan & Johnston, which involves less handling and therefore less stimulation of the flies, is the more precise. The impregnated papers available from W.H.O. are a convenient means of exposing flies to known deposits of insecticide.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

Publishing patterns and citation performance of manuscripts relating to paediatric cardiology and congenital heart disease: comparison of paediatric and adult cardiology journals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rohit S. Loomba ◽  
Danielle Sheikholeslami ◽  
Aaron Dyson ◽  
Saul Flores ◽  
Enrique Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
H Index ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Background: Manuscripts pertaining to paediatric cardiology and CHD have been published in a variety of different journals. Some of these journals are journals dedicated to paediatric cardiology, while others are focused on adult cardiology. Historically, it has been considered that manuscripts published in journals devoted to adult cardiology have greater citation potential. Our objective was to compare citation performance between manuscripts related to paediatric cardiology and CHD published in paediatric as opposed to adult cardiology journals. Methods: We identified manuscripts related to paediatric cardiology and CHD published in five journals of interest during 2014. Of these journals, two were primarily concerned with adult cardiology, while the other three focused on paediatric cardiology. The number of citations for these identified manuscripts was gathered from Google Scholar. We compared the number of citations (median, mean, and 25th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles), the potential for citation, and the h-index for the identified manuscripts. Results: We identified a total of 828 manuscripts related to paediatric cardiology and congenital heart as published in the 5 journals during 2014. Of these, 783 (95%) were published in journals focused on paediatric cardiology, and the remaining 45 (5%) were published in journals focused on adult cardiology. The median number of citations was 41 in the manuscripts published in the journals focused on adult cardiology, as opposed to 7 in journals focused on paediatric cardiology (p < 0.001). The h-index, however, was greater for the journals dedicated to paediatric cardiology (36 versus 27). Conclusion: Approximately one-twentieth of the work relating to paediatric cardiology and CHD is published in journals that focus predominantly on adult cardiology. The median number of citations is greater when manuscripts concerning paediatric cardiology and CHD are published in these journals focused on adult cardiology. The h-index, however, is higher when the manuscripts are published in journals dedicated to paediatric cardiology. While such publications in journals that focus on adult cardiology tend to generate a greater number of citations than those achieved for works published in specialised paediatric cardiology journals, the potential for citation is no different between the journals. Due to the drastically lower number of manuscripts published in journals dedicated to adult cardiology, however, median performance is different.

scholarly journals The fractionation of nuclei from mammalian cells by zonal centrifugation

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Johnston ◽  
A P Mathias ◽  
F. Pennington ◽  
D. Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Zonal Rotor

1. Purified liver nuclei from adult rats separate into two main zones when centrifuged in the slow-speed zonal rotor. One zone contains diploid nuclei, the other tetraploid. 2. The effect of age on the pattern of rat liver ploidy was examined. Tetraploid nuclei are virtually absent from young animals. They increase in proportion steadily with age. Partial hepatectomy disturbs the pattern of ploidy. 3. The zonal centrifuge permits the separation of diploid, tetraploid, octaploid and hexadecaploid nuclei from mouse liver. 4. Rat liver nuclei are isopycnic with sucrose solutions of density 1·35 at 5°.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Inhibition of Trans-4-Hydroxy-4′-Stilbazole on Mild Steel in HCl Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayssar Nahlé ◽  
Ideisan I. Abu-Abdoun ◽  
Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temkin Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Hcl Solution

The inhibition and the effect of temperature and concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-4′-stilbazole on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss experiments at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K. The studied inhibitor concentrations were between  M and  M. The percentage inhibition increased with the increase of the concentration of the inhibitor. The percentage inhibition reached about 94% at the concentration of  M and 303 K. On the other hand, the percentage inhibition decreased with the increase of temperature. Using the Temkin adsorption isotherm, the thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of this inhibitor on the metal surface were calculated. Trans-4-hydroxy-4′-stilbazole was found to be a potential corrosion inhibitor since it contained not only nitrogen and oxygen, but also phenyl and pyridine rings that are joined together with a double bond (–C=C–) in conjugation with these rings.

scholarly journals Sex Differentiation in Amphibians: Effect of Temperature and Its Influence on Sex Reversal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adrián Ruiz-García ◽  
Álvaro S. Roco ◽  
Mónica Bullejos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Expected Increase

The role of environmental factors in sexual differentiation in amphibians is not new. The effect of hormones or hormone-like compounds is widely demonstrated. However, the effect of temperature has traditionally been regarded as something anecdotal that occurs in extreme situations and not as a factor to be considered. The data currently available reveal a different situation. Sexual differentiation in some amphibian species can be altered even by small changes in temperature. On the other hand, although not proven, it is possible that temperature is related to the appearance of sex-reversed individuals in natural populations under conditions unrelated to environmental contaminants. According to this, temperature, through sex reversal (phenotypic sex opposed to genetic sex), could play an important role in the turnover of sex-determining genes and in the maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes in this group. Accordingly, and given the expected increase in global temperatures, growth and sexual differentiation in amphibians could easily be affected, altering the sex ratio in natural populations and posing major conservation challenges for a group in worldwide decline. It is therefore particularly urgent to understand the mechanism by which temperature affects sexual differentiation in amphibians.

Breeding

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Early Puberty

Investigation into the differences between Barneveld and White Leghorn breeds from a genetical and breeding technic point of view. Report to the Committee of the Netherlands Genetic Society regarding breeding tests with poultry in 1926–1927 and 1928–1929. A. L. Hagedoorn. Züchtungskunde, 1930, p.450.The investigation was carried out in four directions: 1) It was to be ascertained whether a correlation exists between various continuing characteristics appearing in combination in two breeds of poultry (Aziatic and Meditteranean breeds) (coloured eggs, white eggs, white ears, light body weight and early puberty in the other). 2) It was to be investigated whether it was possible to incorporate the qualities of „Brown Egg” and „Early Puberty” in a good laying utility breed. 3) The question was to be treated what gens have influence on the colour of the egg, the colour of the plumage, the colour of the feet etc. 4) Finally data, relating to the value of cross-breeds and their progeny as utility poultry were to be gathered.

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