Bacterial wilt of potatoes. II. Serological relationship of two strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum and a culture of Corynebacterium sepedonicum

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Harrison ◽  
H Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽  
Serological Relationship ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of

Antisera were prepared to Victorian and Rhodesian strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum, and to a culture of the ring rot organism, Corynebacterium sepedonicum, from Canada. It was found that the two strains of Ps. Solanacearum were similar, though distinct serologically, and each quite different from C. sepedonicum, although there was some serological affinity between the three organisms. The common agglutinins were absorbed to produce specific absorbed serum for each organism, the potential value of which is briefly discussed.

THE OCCURRENCE IN THE HOST PLANT OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE GUMS PRODUCED BY CORYNEBACTERIUM INSIDIOSUM AND CORYNEBACTERIUM SEPEDONICUM

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. T. Spencer ◽  
P. A. J. Gorin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Potato Ring Rot

Corynebacterium insidiosum and Corynebacterium sepedonicum, the causative agents of bacterial wilt of alfalfa and of potato ring rot, produce viscous polysaccharide solutions when grown in shaken culture. These substances contain fucose, a sugar rarely found in polysaccharides of land plants. Hydrolyzates of polysaccharides extracted from alfalfa and potato plants infected with these organisms also contained fucose, while extracts of healthy plants did not. Alfalfa cuttings placed in dilute polysaccharide solutions wilted rapidly. These findings suggest that these polysaccharides are probably formed in the vascular systems of infected plants and that if such is the case they contribute to the development of the disease in these plants.

Bacterial wilt of potatoes. I. Field symptoms of the disease and studies on the causal organism, Pseudomonas solanacearum variety asiaticum

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Canadian Culture

By comparison with Kew South Wales and Rhodesian strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum, and a Canadian culture of Corynebacterium sepedonicum, it has been shown that the causal organism of bacterial wilt of potatoes in Victoria is a strain of Ps. Solanacearum, identified as variety asiaticum. This disease is a serious problem in the Koo-wee-rup and Gembrook areas. Many of the local isolates have no brown pigment, while others have a moderate degree of pigmentation, though much less than that of the Kew South Wales strains studied. Detailed symptoms of the disease are given; also the morphological, cultural, physiological, and pathogenic reactions compared with those of the other strains of Ps. Solanacearum studied. A serological study of these organisms will be presented in another paper.

Corynebacterium sepedonicum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Cutting Knife

Abstract A description is provided for Corynebacterium sepedonicum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Solanum tuberosum, also on Solanum melongena, other species of Solanum and Lycopersicon esculentum by inoculation (24: 164; 28: 141). DISEASE: Ring rot. A vascular wilt affecting foliage late in the growing season and producing in tubers, a creamy-yellow or light-brown, crumbly rot, which develops in the tissues immediately surrounding the vascular strands, leading usually to the formation of a ring of disorganized tissue or a gap between the cortex and the pith of the tuber. Distinguished from brown rot of potato caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum[Ralstonia solanacearum] (CMI Descript. 15), by differences in tuber symptoms and in staining reactions of the two pathogens (41: 57) p. 69. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, doubtful records in Asia (CMI Map 20). TRANSMISSION: By infected tubers, on contaminated cutting knives and bags, and by insects. Where the tuber is cut into seed pieces the risk of spread by the cutting knife is very great.

The International IP System: From Continuity to Resilience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Multilateral System ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of

This chapter looks at how rule-relations within the international intellectual property (IP) system have developed from continuity (in constantly raising minimum standards) to resilience (against certain forms of increasing protection). It considers the evolution of the international IP system from the nineteenth century onwards, examining how each succeeding changes and additions to the system had established a relationship of continuity which integrates existing standards and adds new ones. The chapter then turns to the emergence of another revolutionary change. The integral nature of the common goals established in TRIPS’ object and purpose creates a form of ‘resilience’ of the multilateral system over attempts for inter-se modifications. Moreover, international law has appropriate tools so that those charged with applying, implementing, and interpreting multilateral IP norms can give effect to this resilience both in relations of interpretation and relations of conflict.

Pensare Dio. Spunti di riflessione in dialogo con Anca Vasiliu

Elenchos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

AbstractThe following work features elements to ponder and an in-depth explanation taken on the Anca Vasiliu’s study about the possibilities and ways of thinking of God by a rational entity, such as the human being. This is an ever relevant topic that, however, takes place in relation to Platonic authors and texts, especially in Late Antiquity. The common thread is that the human being is a God’s creature who resembles him and who is image of. Nevertheless, this also applies within the Christian Trinity according to which, not without problems, the Son is the image of the Father. Lastly, also the relationship of the Spirit with the Father and the Son, always within the Trinity, can be considered as a relationship of similarity, but again not without critical issues between the similarity of attributes, on the one hand, and the identity of nature, on the other.

Further Investigation upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Drift-Bottle Experiments in the Summers of 1927, 1928 and 1929, with Critical Notes on Drift-Bottle Experiments in General.

1930 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Great Simplicity ◽  
Simple Surface

In July–August of three different years common surface-floating bottles were set adrift at International Station E2 (49° 27' N.—4° 42' W.). With them, various types of drag-fitted bottles were also put out. The journeys accomplished are discussed, and the striking differences as between year and year in the case of the common surface floaters, and as between the different types in the same year, are commented upon in the light of the prevailing winds. An inter-relationship of great simplicity is deduced between wind speed and the rate of travel of simple surface floating bottles up-Channel and across the North Sea from the results of experiments carried out in four different summers.

scholarly journals Relationship of captive bolt stunning location with basic tissue measurements and exposed cross-sectional brain area in cadaver heads from market pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1409
Author(s):  
Karly Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Ries ◽  
Jacob Backes ◽  
Katherine Bishop ◽  
Miranda Boll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Alternative Location ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Total Tissue

Abstract The objective of this study was to contrast the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, total tissue thickness, cross-sectional brain area, and bolt–brain contact from the common frontal application of captive bolt euthanasia with the alternative location behind the ear in cadaver swine heads. Twenty-three cadaver heads from pigs that were approximately 136 kg and 6 mo of age were collected from a regional slaughter establishment following CO2 stunning and assigned to either the FRONTAL (n = 11) or the CAUDAL TO PINNA (n = 12) application of the captive bolt. The soft tissue thickness was different (P < 0.0001) between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 8.3 ± 3.4 mm; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 56.5 ± 3.4 mm). The cranial thickness was different (P < 0.0001) between the applications (FRONTAL: 23.4 ± 2.9 mm; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 26.5 ± 2.9 mm). There was also a difference (P < 0.0001) in the total tissue thickness between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 31.7 ± 3.8 mm; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 73.4 ± 3.8 mm). Cross-sectional area was calculated from images collected immediately after the heads were cut along the plane of bolt travel by bandsaw and was different (P = 0.0028) between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 25.2 ± 1.3 cm2; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 18.9 ± 1.3 cm2). Bolt–brain contact was also assessed from the images, and a difference (P = 0.0360) between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 100 ± 10.5%; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 66.7 ± 10.5%) was identified. The results of this study suggest that the FRONTAL application may provide a bolt path with less tissue to travel through when compared with the CAUDAL TO PINNA application for pigs of the approximate age and weight of those in this study. Ultimately, the FRONTAL location may present less risk for the captive bolt euthanasia of swine at market weight at this time. Additional refinement of the CAUDAL TO PINNA procedure and modification to the captive bolt device to penetrate to a suitable depth to ensure brain damage is recommended.

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