The development of cuttings of the Washington navel orange to the stage of fruit set. II. Drifts in nutrient composition

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
CT Gates ◽  
D Bouma ◽  
H Groenewegen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Low Phosphorus

Changes in nutrient content with time, especially of nitrogen and phosphorus content, are presented and are considered in relation to the results for dry weight reported previously. It was found that drifts in nitrogen and phosphorus with time were complementary to the pattern for dry weight noted earlier. The distribution of these nutrients to the developing plant followed a like rhythmic pattern of alternate distribution to shoot and root. There appeared to be no build up of nutrient to trigger off developing of new shoots, and at all times nutrient distribution was preferentially to younger developing parts. Low phosphorus supply caused a lowering of both relative and absolute contents of phosphorus and nitrogen in all plant parts. The pattern of development was not greatly altered in character by low phosphorus but was delayed. All vegetative parts responded similarly in control and low phosphorus plants, and the younger parts did not appear to dominate the older in development. In this regard, the pattern of growth seemed to differ from that of many annuals. The proportion of tissue potassium was lowered and that of calcium raised by ammonium as the source of nitrogen. A concomitant effect on phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism was noted.

Effect of Antitranspirant and Fertilization on Flowering, Fruiting, and Biomass Production in `Early Girl' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456c-456
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Sung H. Guak ◽  
Charles C.H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fertilization Rates

Seedling plugs of `Early Girl' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in peatmoss and perlite (60:40% by volume) medium, fertilized with 8, 16, 24, or 32 g NutriCote Total controlled-release fertilizer (type 100, 13N–5.67P–10.79K plus micronutrients) per pot (2.81 L), and treated with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 7.5% antitranspirant GLK-8924 solution, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were tipped at the second inflorescence and laterals were removed upon emergence. Flowering of both clusters were advanced by higher fertilization rates and depressed by GLK-8924. Increasing rates of fertilization increased flower and fruit number of the lower cluster and fruit set of upper cluster. GLK-8924 had no effect on flower number, fruit number, and fruit set. Fertilization increased the biomass production of all plant parts while GLK-8924 reduced the biomass production of leaves and fruit only. Root and stem biomass was not influenced by GLK-8924. The effect of GLK-8924 on fruit dry weight was dependent on the position of the cluster and GLK-8924 concentration. Fertilization did not interact with GLK-8924 to influence flowering, fruiting, and biomass production.

scholarly journals Nutrient content of biomass components of Hamlin sweet orange trees

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Mattos Jr. ◽  
José Antônio Quaggio ◽  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
Ashok Kumar Alva
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Orange Trees

The knowledge of the nutrient distribution in trees is important to establish sound nutrient management programs for citrus production. Six-year-old Hamlin orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] on Swingle citrumelo [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus paradisi Macfad.] rootstock, grown on a sandy Entisol in Florida were harvested to investigate the macro and micronutrient distributions of biomass components. The biomass of aboveground components of the tree represented the largest proportion of the total. The distribution of the total tree dry weight was: fruit = 30.3%, leaf = 9.7%, twig = 26.1%, trunk = 6.3%, and root = 27.8%. Nutrient concentrations of recent mature leaves were in the adequate to optimal range as suggested by interpretation of leaf analysis in Florida. Concentrations of Ca in older leaves and woody tissues were much greater than those in the other parts of the tree. Concentrations of micronutrients were markedly greater in fibrous root as compared to woody roots. Calcium made up the greatest amount of nutrient in the citrus tree (273.8 g per tree), followed by N and K (234.7 and 181.5 g per tree, respectively). Other macronutrients comprised about 11% of the total nutrient content of trees. The contents of various nutrients in fruits were: N = 1.20, K = 1.54, P = 0.18, Ca = 0.57, Mg = 0.12, S = 0.09, B = 1.63 x 10-3, Cu = 0.39 x 10-3, Fe = 2.1 x 10-3, Mn = 0.38 10-3, and Zn = 0.40 10-3 (kg ton-1). Total contents of N, K, and P in the orchard corresponded to 66.5, 52.0, and 8.3 kg ha-1, respectively, which were equivalent to the amounts applied annually by fertilization.

Effects of Fire on the Growth, Nutrient Content and Rate of Nitrogen Fixation of the Cycad Macrozamia riedlei

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Grove ◽  
AM O'connell ◽  
N Malajczuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Coralloid Roots

The response of Macrozamia riedlei(Gaud.) C.A. Gardn. to fire, and its contribution to the input of nitrogen to the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest ecosystem of south-western Australia, were studied by measuring the biomass and nutrient content of plant parts, and the nitrogenase activity of coralloid roots, in relation to time since burning. Leaf growth was rapid during the first year following fire. In forest burnt 1-5 years previously, the ratio of weight of leaves to weight of bole did not differ significantly between sites. On a site burnt 7 years previously a reduced proportion of leaves in the total plant biomass was attributed to a yellowing and senescence of leaves. The ratio of weight of coralloid roots to weight of boles was greatest on the most recently burnt site. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves, and phosphorus, potassium and zinc in coralloid roots, were significantly higher in plants growing in recently burnt forest. Concentrations of calcium, sodium and chlorine in leaves were higher on sites which had not been burnt recently. The rate of acetylene reduction, expressed per unit of bole weight, was greatest where forest had been burnt 1 year before sampling and decreased to a minimum where burning had occurred 7 years previously. This trend resulted from a decrease in both the weight and nitrogenase activity of coralloid roots with increasing time since burning. Estimated rates of nitrogen fixation were 8.4 and 1.4 kg ha-1 year-1 on sites burnt 1 . 5 and 7 years previously. In the period between successive prescribed burns (5 to 7 years), M. riedlei was estimated to fix c. 35 kg nitrogen ha-1. This appears to be a significant input in relation to the nitrogen balance of the jarrah forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Influence of Using Various Sugarcane Leaves and Parts of the Sugarcane Leaf on Chemical Composition

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Foliar Diagnosis

The leaf sample is a vital and critical factor in a sugarcane foliar-diagnosis program. For, no matter how accurate the chemical analyses, an accurate diagnosis of the sugarcane's fertilizer status is impossible if leaf samples are taken improperly. Variations were found in the nutrient content of the various leaves of the sugarcane plant, as well as variation within the leaf itself. Some of the variations encountered were: 1. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the leaf blade were higher than those of the leaf sheath; the reverse was true for potassium. 2. The nitrogen content of the leaf showed only a slight tendency to increase with increasing leaf number. Phosphorus, potassium, and sheath moisture dropped rapidly with increasing leaf number. 3. When the midrib of the leaf blade was eliminated, there was an increase in leaf-blade nitrogen and phosphorus, and a decrease in potassium content. 4. There was considerable variation in the nutrient content of the leaf as we moved from its base to tip. Nitrogen and phosphorus content increased rapidly from base to tip; the reverse was true for potassium.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of the Native Ruellia caroliniensis and Invasive Ruellia tweediana

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
P. Chris Wilson ◽  
Joseph A. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Potassium Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Invasive species have disrupted thousands of acres of natural areas in Florida and appear to have a physiological competitive advantage over native species. The influence of light and temperature on germination was determined for the invasive Mexican petunia (Ruellia tweediana Griseb.) and native wild petunia (Ruellia caroliniensis Steud.). Seeds were collected and germinated in incubators with light or darkness at 15, 24, 33, and 30/20 °C. Light increased germination for each species, except at 15 °C (R. caroliniensis). For R. caroliniensis, highest germination (86% to 94%) occurred at 33 °C and 30/20 °C. Highest germination of R. tweediana (98% to 100%) occurred at 30/20 °C. Studies also were initiated to determine if R. tweediana has a competitive advantage over the native species when grown under wet and dry substrate conditions. Growth and development measurements after 8 weeks under controlled conditions revealed that R. tweediana grown in wet conditions had the greatest dry weight increase as compared to other treatments. Ruellia caroliniensis had higher specific leaf area when grown in wet or dry conditions, as compared to R. tweediana. Throughout the experiment, net CO2 assimilation of R. caroliniensis grown under dry or wet conditions was consistently lower than that of R. tweediana. Shoot nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies were generally greatest for R. tweediana plants grown in wet conditions. For shoot nutrient content, significant species × moisture interactions occurred for measured phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). When grown in wet conditions, R. tweediana had less shoot P and Ca as compared to dry conditions. For root nutrient content, species × moisture interactions were insignificant for each measured nutrient, with the exception of potassium (K). Potassium use efficiency of R. tweediana roots grown in wet conditions was higher than that of R. tweediana grown in dry conditions and R. caroliniensis grown in wet conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Mycorrhizal Colonization on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching from Nursery Containers

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Corkidi ◽  
Donald J. Merhaut ◽  
Edith B. Allen ◽  
James Downer ◽  
Jeff Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Encelia Californica ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Slow Growing

Our goal was to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal colonization on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching from plants grown in nursery containers. We compared the growth response and the content of nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and orthophosphate, in leachates collected from mycorrhizal (AM) and nonmycorrhizal (NonAM) plants of the fast-growing perennial, Encelia californica Nutt. (california sunflower), and the slow-growing woody shrub, Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Brewer & S. Watson (lemonade berry). Plants were grown for 8 weeks with no fertilizer or with 0.88 g (half rate) and 1.76 g (full rate) of 18N–2.6P–9.9K Osmocote (18-6-12, 6–7 month longevity at 26 °C, Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizer; Scotts Co., Marysville, OH). Mycorrhizal colonization increased the growth and nutrient uptake of E. californica and R. integrifolia but was more effective at decreasing nutrient leaching from containers with E. californica. Mycorrhizal colonization contributed to reduce the content of NO3, NH4, and orthophosphate by up to 65% in leachates from E. californica grown with half rate of Osmocote and up to 70% to 80% in those from plants grown in full rates of Osmocote. In contrast, only the leachates from AM plants of R. integrifolia grown without fertilizer had generally lower nutrient content than those from NonAM plants. Leachates collected from AM plants grown in half rates of Osmocote had less P but no less N, and there were mostly no significant differences in the leachate content of NO3, NH4, and orthophosphate from AM and NonAM plants of R. integrifolia grown in full rates of Osmocote. However, mycorrhizal colonization reduced the fertilizer requirement to achieve maximum growth in both species. AM plants of E. californica and R. integrifolia grown with half rates of Osmocote had greater dry weight than the NonAM ones grown in full rates of Osmocote. Our study shows that mycorrhizal colonization can reduce N and P leaching either by increasing nutrient uptake or by allowing the use of lower fertilizer rates.

EFFECT OF COLCHICINE ON THE MYCELIAL WEIGHT AND THE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENTS OF THE MYCELIUM OF CUNNINGHAMELLA SP.

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Naguib ◽  
A. M. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Colchicine had little effect on dry weight, nitrate, and phosphorus uptake, during a 48-hour period, by 5-day-old mycelium of Cunninghamella sp. except at 10 p.p.m. concentration of the chemical when the phosphorus content was higher. The drug also induced a higher percentage incorporation of phosphorus into organic compounds, while protein building was lowered particularly in the presence of 20 p.p.m. of colchicine. The latter phenomenon was accompanied by excessive accumulation of peptide nitrogen mostly in the external medium.Further, high concentrations of colchicine seemed to inhibit the rate of nitrate assimilation.

Dry weight, nitrogen and phosphorus content of Schistosoma mansoni

1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron G. Radke ◽  
Morris D. Schneider ◽  
Dannie G. Houghtaling
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The effect of wastewater discharge on biomass production and nutrient content of Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum in the Nakivubo wetland, Kampala, Uganda

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kansiime ◽  
M. Nalubega ◽  
J.J.A. van Bruggen ◽  
P. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Cyperus Papyrus ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Annual Total

The nutrient content of representative plant parts and biomass production in the Nakivubo wetland, correlation of these with the wastewater flow patterns and determination of nutrient uptake, storage and biomass production of Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) and Miscanthidium violaceum was studied. On average papyrus vegetation under the influence of wastewater had higher nutrient content in the above ground biomass (1.6% N and 0.23% P on dry weight basis) than those not affected (0.98% N and 0.18% P). The biomass varied between 3,529-5,844 g/m2 and 883-1,156 g/m2 in the two respective sites. The juvenile plants of papyrus and Miscanthidium had higher concentrations of P and N in their organs compared to the mature ones. Considering the nutrients stored by the dominant vegetation and the current flow patterns of wastewater in the Nakivubo wetland, harvesting of the above ground biomass once a year, would remove 7.7% of the N input and 15.8% of the P input of the annual total load entering the wetland. However, if the wetland is bio-manipulated and the wastewater flow distributed over the whole wetland, up to 70% nitrogen and 76% phosphorus would be removed by harvesting above ground papyrus biomass.

Nodule and Plant Development in Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.: Symbiotic Response to Phosphorus and Sulphur

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus and sulphur on the initiation and subsequent course of development of effective nodulation was determined for young seedlings of Stylosanthes humilis over the period days 1 1 to 26 from sowing. The plants were inoculated with an effective strain of Rhizobium and grown under controlled conditions in a small amount of nitrogen-deficient soil. Phosphorus had a beneficial effect on the initiation of nodules, which were first detected at day 11 in high-phosphorus plants, but not until day 14 in low. Thereafter, nodule development was greatly enhanced by phosphorus, nodule numbers, volumes and dry weights being increased. Nodule relative growth rates were stimulated from 0 . 3 g/g/day at low phosphorus levels to 0 . 7 g/g/day at high phosphorus levels over days 23-26. The nodules became pink earlier, and developed more rapidly as nitrogen-rich organs, in response to phosphorus. This suggested that from the earliest stages, phosphorus not only promoted the development of an increased mass of nodular tissue but also favoured an effective symbiosis. This enhanced nodule development led to greatly stimulated growth, with increasing amounts of total nitrogen and phosphorus in high-phosphorus plants. The assimilation of nitrogen by the whole plant was increased from 17 mg/g nodule dry weightlday at low to 53 mg/g/day with high phosphorus over days 23-26. Sulphur caused an increase in dry weight, but the response to sulphur mainly occurred late in development and was smaller than the response to phosphorus in the young seedlings of this trial.

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