Effects of environment and plant factors on foliar freezing resistance in tropical grasses. II.* Comparison of frost resistance between cultivars of Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana and Setaria anceps

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Ivory ◽  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Intermediate Degree

The variability in foliar freezing resistance within and between five Cenchrus ciliaris, four Setaria anceps and six Chloris gayana ecotypes was examined in the laboratory over a sequence of freezing temperatures between –1.0° and –6.25°C. C. gayana and S. anceps ecotypes were generally more frost-resistant than C. ciliaris ecotypes. No significant differences in frost susceptibility were found in C. ciliaris, whilst S. anceps exhibited the greatest variability and C. gayana showed an intermediate degree of variability. The range of freezing temperatures which caused 50% foliage death (LT50) in C. ciliaris was –1.8° to –2.1°, in C. gayana –2.6° to –3.5° and in S. anceps –2.1° to –4.3°. ____________________ * Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29: 243 (1978).

Cell ultrastructure and physiological changes of potato during cold acclimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyu Wu ◽  
Tianjiu He ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiaobo Luo ◽  
Wang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Potato Species

Potato cultivars are sensitive to frost; thus, freezing damage often results in heavy loss of potato yield. In this study, two wild potato species, Solanum acaule W3, which is frost-resistant and has cold-acclimation ability, and Solanum cardiophyllum Cph12, which is frost-sensitive and cannot be cold-acclimated, were used to research the cell structure and physiological changes that occur during cold acclimation. The results showed that the frost resistance of W3 was enhanced by cold acclimation, while the frost resistance of Cph12 did not change. The subcellular characteristics related to the enhancement of freezing resistance mainly include a decrease in the proportion of the vacuole to total cell volume, integrity of the biomembrane, and orderly arrangement of grana lamellae. At the physiological level, the W3 damage index was correlated with membrane lipid peroxidation system indices (including chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and the difference between relative conductivity before and after freezing treatment in W3), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, the contents of the osmotic regulators proline and soluble protein, and the contents of the endogenous hormones salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid/abscisic acid (IAA/ABA), and SA/ABA, which indicated that cold acclimation enhanced the freezing resistance of wild potato species W3 by enhancing its original cold-tolerance characteristics. The results could be useful to clarify the cold resistance mechanism of plants, and to provide a theoretical basis for cold-resistance breeding.

Response of some tropical grasses to molybdenum application

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Large Growth

The response to Mo application of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume cv. Gatton (panic), Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel) and Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi (setaria) was studied at three rates of NO3 supply in pots containing soil that was severely Mo deficient for tropical legumes. There were no growth responses of these grasses to Mo, except for a marginally significant effect in panic at the highest NO3 treatment at the first harvest. These results are compared with Mo responses of legume/grass mixtures in the field and published data showing large growth responses of some temperate grasses to Mo. Application of Mo had no effect on total N concentrations of grass tops but markedly decreased NO3-N concentrations in buffel. Setaria had a greater ability to take up Mo than the other grasses and this was associated with the lower NO3 levels in this species. Critical Mo concentrations for growth of all grasses were below 0.02 p.p.m.

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEAF FROST RESISTANCE TO THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF SEEDLING STANDS OF ALFALFA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
G. E. McLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Chamber

Plants propagated from single plant selections of the alfalfa cultivars Saranac and Luna (Medicago sativa L.), Beaver (M. media Pers.) and Anik (M. falcata L.) were transplanted into the field in May and subjected to a range of freezing temperatures at 3-wk intervals during August and September. A portable field freezing chamber was used to study the influence of frost on leaf injury in the fall and winterkill following the severe 1977–1978 winter. Leaves of all plants had the capacity to harden during the fall, but the selection from Anik was consistently the most frost hardy. Temperatures ranging from −4 to −5 °C in mid-August caused 50% leaf injury to the selections of Beaver, Saranac and Luna, while in late September, temperatures ranging from −9.5 to −10.5 °C were required to produce similar amounts of injury. In the Anik selection, −6 °C in mid-August caused 50% leaf injury, but in late September −12.5 °C caused less than 35% injury. Thus, the Anik selection appeared to start hardening about 3 wk earlier than all other selections. In all plants, the potential for winter injury during the 1977–1978 winter increased as a result of leaf frost damage during mid-August and early September in 1977. The application of these results to the winter survival of seedling stands of alfalfa is discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on seed production tropical grasses in Kenya. 6. The effect of harvest date on seed yield in varieties of Setaria sphacelata, Chloris gayana and Panicum coloratum.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Panicum Coloratum ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Late Abstract

Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi I and Nandi III, Chloris gayana cv. Mbarara, Masaba and Pokot, and Panicum coloratum cv. Solai were grown for seed and harvested on a range of dates beginning 3-4 weeks after initial head emergence (defined as 5-10 heads/m2). Harvesting date was not very critical, and harvesting could normally be spread over 1-2 weeks. The interval between initial heading and optimum harvest date was normally 6-7 weeks. In most crops considerable shedding of spikelets (up to 30-50% in P. coloratum, rather less in the other 2 species) could be tolerated before yield of pure germinating seed fell with delay in harvesting. It was suggested that most of the spikelets which were shed early were empty. Cultivars which headed early produced nearly twice as much seed as those which headed late. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Germinación de cariopsides clasificados por tamaño y diasporas de cuatro pastos para temporal semiárido

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Adrián Raymundo Quero Carrillo ◽  
Filogonio Jesús Hernández Guzmán ◽  
Paulino Pérez Rodríguez ◽  
Adrián Hernández Livera ◽  
Gabino García de los Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Chloris Gayana

En Poaceae, la semilla o propágulo comercial consiste de espiguilla o diáspora: cariópside (Cs) + brácteas accesorias: normalmente glumas, lemas, paleas y, en ocasiones, específico de especie, ramas modificadas, las cuales tienen efecto sobre la germinación, influyen el manejo requerido y por tanto la calidad biológica de la semilla. La eliminación de brácteas accesorias con o sin clasificación de Cs por tamaño es una alternativa no documentada en el establecimiento de praderas de temporal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la germinación sembrando cada 30 días, Cs clasificadas de pastos, dos nativos y dos introducidos, obtenidas a partir de diásporas comerciales al inicio del experimento (Cs base -CsB) o cada 60 días (Cs testigo-CsT), durante 15 meses; similarmente, evaluar la emergencia de plántulas a partir de diásporas. Los propágulos (diásporas o Cs) se evaluaron de febrero 2010 a mayo 2011, en laboratorio. Las especies nativas e introducidas incluyeron Bouteloua gracilis, B. curtipendula, Cenchrus ciliaris y Chloris gayana, respectivamente. A partir de diásporas, se eliminaron brácteas accesorias y las Cs resultantes, se separaron con tamices, en grandes (CsG), medianos (CsM) y chicos (CsCh). Se sembraron, en base a semilla pura viable, tanto los diferentes tamaños de Cs, sobre papel húmedo, como diásporas, a 1cm de profundidad, en peat moss. El comportamiento de la germinación se analizó mediante regresión logística con la rutina Logistic de SAS. En las especies evaluadas, mayor tamaño de Cs se relacionó con mayor germinación y las covariables beneficio y tiempo de almacenamiento fueron significativas (p< 0.001). La germinación en pastos nativos tendió a disminuir con el tiempo, contrariamente a introducidos y la germinación fue mayor en relación directa con el tamaño de la Cs. La viabilidad se conserva mejor manera al mantener la Cs con brácteas accesorias; pero, en especies introducidas eliminar éstas, incrementó la germinación.

scholarly journals Regrowth potential of shoot and of roots of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) after defoliation.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
A. Dovrat ◽  
E. Dayan ◽  
H. van Keulen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Initial Root ◽  
Chloris Gayana Kunth

In field and pot trials the effect of different lengths of pre-cutting periods and of cutting intervals on regrowth of shoot and of root were studied in Rhodes grass cv. Katambora. The initial regrowth of the sward after a long (28 days) pre-cutting period was slower than after a short (7 days) pre-cutting period. The reduction of the residual LAI following the extension of the pre-cutting period was associated with reduction in the number of tillers capable of regrowth after defoliation. Root wt. decreased drastically following cutting when the initial root wt. was high (long pre-cutting period), but little when the initial root wt. was small (short pre-cutting period). The decrease in root wt. lasted c. 1 wk after which it increased at a more or less constant rate proportional to the increase of shoot wt. irrespective of the length of the pre-cutting period. The lack of the capability of tillers to regrow after cutting was closely related with developmental stage of tillers. Since tillers of subtropical and tropical grasses have a tendency for early stem elongation, it was concluded that the relatively small number of sites available for regrowth in these grasses is the major deterrent for quick shoot growth of the sward after defoliation. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing on Seed Yield of Indigenous Rangeland and Forage Grass Species Grown under Drip Irrigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saleem K. Nadaf ◽  
Safaa M. Al-Farsi ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Hinai ◽  
Abdul Aziz S. Al-Harthi ◽  
Ahmed N. Al-Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Narrow Row

Two indigenous rangeland forage species, Cenchrus ciliaris and Coelachyrum piercei, were investigated for their response to varying inter-row (50 and 100-cm) and inter plant spacing (25, 50 and 100-cm) under drip irrigation along with the perennial popular forage, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). Expression of traits, such as plant stand, plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles and seed yield, differed under varying inter-row and inter-plant spacing in different harvests. The grass species produced higher seed yield due to less interplant competition under wider (100-cm) than under narrow row (50-cm) spacing. Chloris gayana produced highest mean seed yield in wider inter-plant spacing (100-cm) under both inter-row spacings, viz. 100-cm (488 kg/ha) and 50-cm (449 kg/ha), followed by Cenchrus ciliaris (449 kg/ha under 100-cm and 377 kg/ha under 50-cm row spacing) and Coelachyrum piercei (274 kg/ha under 100-cm and 210 kg/ha under 50-cm row spacing). In respect of seed quality for samples harvested selectively or in bulk, the three grasses showed very low germination when tested immediately (1-2 weeks) after harvest, not only for bulk seed (0 to 1.5%) but also for selected seed (0.8% to 2.8%). Mean germination of grass species recorded after 12 months of harvests was significantly greater (53 %) than that recorded after 5 months (34 %) of harvests. Of the three grass species, Cenchrus ciliaris recorded significantly (p<0.01) highest germination % (50 %) followed by Chloris gayana (41 %) and Coelachyrum piercei (39 %). Selected seeds had significantly (p<0.01) higher germination (53 %) than bulk seeds (33 %).Keywords: 

Differences in carbohydrate fractions between Lolium perenne and two tropical grasses of similar dry-matter digestibility

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. McLeod ◽  
D. J. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Chloris Gayana

SUMMARYFour samples each of Lolium perenne, Chloris gayana and Setaria splendida grown under similar conditions and having similar in vivo dry-matter digestibilities with sheep were used in a comparison of the chemical composition of tropical and temperate grass. L. perenne had less lignin, crude fibre, neutral-detergent fibre, acid-detergent fibre and cellulose than the two tropical grasses but more neutral-detergent solubles. In vivo digestibilities of the cell-wall polysaccharides of the tropical grasses were not reduced by their higher lignin contents. The digestibilities of the cell wall were generally higher than the digestibilities for the dry matter and neutral-detergent solubles. It is suggested that the effect of lignin on the digestibility of cell-wall polysaccharides is dependent on the area of protection, and better predictions may be achieved if the cell wall is divided into two fractions, an unlignified fraction that is completely digested and a completely indigestible fraction containing all the lignin.It is concluded that differences may be found in the carbohydrate composition of temperate and tropical grasses but that these differences may not cause differences in the overall in vivo digestibility of the dry matter.

Effects of fluoride emissions on two tropical grasses: Chloris gayana and Panicum maximum cv. Colonião

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Molina Divan Junior ◽  
Marco Antonio Oliva ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martinez ◽  
José Cambraia
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Chloris Gayana
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