The role of incentives and training programs on Job Satisfaction of Employees – An Empirical Study on Workers in the Arab Open University –: دور الحوافز والبرامج التدريبية على الرضا الوظيفي للعاملين – دراسة تطبيقية على العاملين في الجامعة العربية المفتوحة بالسعودية –

This Study aimed to: identify extent of interesting in financial and moral incentives regulation and incentives regulation in Arab Open University , identify extent of interesting in humanistic value and electronic training of employees in Arab Open University, identify reality of job satisfaction for employees in Arab Open University, the analytical descriptive approach and study population is included all employees in Arab Open University in all their job levels, their number reached to (230) and the researcher is obtained (149) electronic response. The study revealed that study sample members are agree to some extent on degree of interesting in financial and moral incentives regulation and incentives regulation in Arab Open University where approval averages of study sample members is reached to (3.08), revealed that study sample members are agree to some extent on degree of interesting in humanistic value and electronic training of employees in Arab Open University where approval averages of study sample members is reached to (3.01) and revealed that study sample members have intermediate degree of job stratification where approval averages of study sample members reached to (2.85), the study recommended with necessity of work on adopting motivation system to comply with Arab Open University , providing the necessary moral for university relatives especially for the excellent employees and increasing financial incentives and allowances which is provided to the employees in university.

Sulfonated and Carboxymethylated β-Glucan Derivatives with Inhibitory Activity against Herpes and Dengue Viruses

The infection of mammalian cells by enveloped viruses is triggered by the interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate. By mimicking this carbohydrate, some anionic polysaccharides can block this interaction and inhibit viral entry and infection. As heparan sulfate carries both carboxyl and sulfate groups, this work focused on the derivatization of a (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucan, botryosphaeran, with these negatively-charged groups in an attempt to improve its antiviral activity. Carboxyl and sulfonate groups were introduced by carboxymethylation and sulfonylation reactions, respectively. Three derivatives with the same degree of carboxymethylation (0.9) and different degrees of sulfonation (0.1; 0.2; 0.4) were obtained. All derivatives were chemically characterized and evaluated for their antiviral activity against herpes (HSV-1, strains KOS and AR) and dengue (DENV-2) viruses. Carboxymethylated botryosphaeran did not inhibit the viruses, while all sulfonated-carboxymethylated derivatives were able to inhibit HSV-1. DENV-2 was inhibited only by one of these derivatives with an intermediate degree of sulfonation (0.2), demonstrating that the dengue virus is more resistant to anionic β-D-glucans than the Herpes simplex virus. By comparison with a previous study on the antiviral activity of sulfonated botryosphaerans, we conclude that the presence of carboxymethyl groups might have a detrimental effect on antiviral activity.

Structured patterns of activity in pulse-coupled oscillator networks with varied connectivity

Identifying coordinated activity within complex systems is essential to linking their structure and function. We study collective activity in networks of pulse-coupled oscillators that have variable network connectivity and integrate-and-fire dynamics. Starting from random initial conditions, we see the emergence of three broad classes of behaviors that differ in their collective spiking statistics. In the first class (“temporally-irregular”), all nodes have variable inter-spike intervals, and the resulting firing patterns are irregular. In the second (“temporally-regular”), the network generates a coherent, repeating pattern of activity in which all nodes fire with the same constant inter-spike interval. In the third (“chimeric”), subgroups of coherently-firing nodes coexist with temporally-irregular nodes. Chimera states have previously been observed in networks of oscillators; here, we find that the notions of temporally-regular and chimeric states encompass a much richer set of dynamical patterns than has yet been described. We also find that degree heterogeneity and connection density have a strong effect on the resulting state: in binomial random networks, high degree variance and intermediate connection density tend to produce temporally-irregular dynamics, while low degree variance and high connection density tend to produce temporally-regular dynamics. Chimera states arise with more frequency in networks with intermediate degree variance and either high or low connection densities. Finally, we demonstrate that a normalized compression distance, computed via the Lempel-Ziv complexity of nodal spike trains, can be used to distinguish these three classes of behavior even when the phase relationship between nodes is arbitrary.

Intermediate thermoresistance in black yeast asexual cells variably increases with culture age, promoting survival and spoilage in thermally processed shelf-stable foods

Black yeasts are a functional group that has caused spoilage in cold-filled and hot-filled beverages as well as other water activity (a w )-controlled food products. We established quantitative thermoresistance parameters for the inactivation of 12 Aureobasidium and Exophiala isolates through isothermal experiments and a challenge study. Culture age (2-day vs. 28-day) variably affected the thermoresisitance among the black yeast strains. Variation in thermoresistance exists within each genus, but the two most resistant strains were the Exophiala isolates. The two most heat resistant isolates were E. phaeomuriformis FSL-E2-0572 with a D 60 -value of 7.69±0.63 min in 28-day culture and E. dermatitidis YB-734 with a D 60 -value of 16.32±2.13 min in 28-day culture. While these thermoresistance levels were, in some cases, greater than those for conidia and vegetative cells from other common food spoilage fungi, they were much more sensitive than the ascospores of heat resistant molds most associated with spoilage of hot-filled products. However, given that black yeasts have caused spoilage in hot-filled products, we hypothesized that this intermediate degree of thermoresistance may support survival following introduction during active cooling before package seals have formed. A challenge study was performed in an acidic (apple cider) and a w -controlled (maple syrup) product to evaluate survival. When apple cider was hot-filled at 82C, black yeast counts were reduced by 4.1-log CFU/ml 24 h after the heat treatment, but the survivors increased up to 6.7-log CFU/ml after two weeks. In comparison, the counts were below the detection limit after both 24 h and 14 days of shelf-life in both products when filled at their boiling points. This suggests that ensuring water microbial quality in cooling tunnels and nozzle sanitation may be essential in mitigating the introduction of these fungi.

Physicians Attitudes Towards Abortion of Fetuses with Severe Disabilities in Jordan

This study aimed to know the attitudes of physicians toward abortion of fetuses with severe disabilities in Jordan, where the attitudes is investigated by taking into account six variables (gender, age, major, years of experience, workplace, and marital status). In order to achieve the aims of this study, a questionnaire of attitudes toward abortion of fetuses with severe disabilities were used to collect data from 199 physicians. The results showed that the arithmetic mean of physicians toward abortion of fetuses with severe Disabilities in Jordan in total degree was in intermediate degree with arithmetic mean (2.01) and standard deviation (0.28). Also it indicated that there no statistically significant differences between the physicians in the attitudes toward abortion of fetuses with severe disabilities due to gender, age, and the workplace. But there are statistically significant differences between physicians in the attitudes due to major, years of experience, and marital status.

Vulnerability of Citrus Growers to Huanglongbing

Objective: To analyze the vulnerability of citrus growers to HLB in the municipalities of San Rafael and Cotaxtla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Design/methodology/approximation: Growers were surveyed about their knowledge, proficiency and perception of the implemented strategies of the Campaign vs the HLB. Vulnerability was integrated in the Risk Index (RI), including grower knowledge and perception towards the Campaign strategies, actions implemented and those that are willing to implement. The RI was compared between localities and was correlated with grower, orchard and confidence in social-actors variables. Organizational involvement of producers was compared. Results: Citrus growers from San Rafael and Cotaxtla have an intermediate degree of vulnerability, with no significant difference (P = 0.483) among them. RI of growers increases as social confidence decreases (r = -0.302). Organizational involvement of growers is equally low in both localities (P = 0.154). Limitations of the study/implications: This study does not apply to other communities. Findings/conclusions: Growers will not be able to respond appropriately and in a relevant way to the new conditions of vulnerability, which might risk the actions implemented with their participation in the Campaign vs the HLB.

The obstacles of differentiated education strategy in teaching Arabic language from the viewpoint of subject teachers in Aqaba Governorate in Jordan: معوقات استراتيجية التعليم المتمايز في تدريس مادة اللغة العربية من وجهة نظر معلمي المادة في محافظة العقبة بالأردن

The present study aimed to reveal the degree of the obstacles of differentiated education strategy in teaching Arabic language from the viewpoint of subject teachers in Aqaba Governorate in Jordan. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the tool was represented in a questionnaire, which was applied to a sample of (150) teachers, who represent (100%) of the study population, including (64) teachers, and (86) teachers. The results of the study showed that the total score of obstacles to using the differentiated education strategy in teaching Arabic from the viewpoint of subject teachers in Aqaba Governorate obtained an average of 3.59 out of 5), with a (large) estimate. and at the level of fields; the field of obstacles related to management got the highest average (3.77) And, in large measure, followed by obstacles related to the learner with an average of (3.71), and in large degree, then the obstacles related to the curriculum with Mediated (3.47), with an intermediate degree, then with teacher-related obstacles (3.43), with an intermediate degree. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences in the degree of obstacles to using the differentiated education strategy in teaching Arabic language due to the variable of experience and in favor of their experience (11 years or more), while there are no significant differences for the gender variable. According to the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented to overcome the obstacles and activate the teaching of the Arabic language in Aqaba Governorate, in the whole of the Kingdom of Jordan and the Arab countries.

MODALITAS DALAM TEKS BERITA HOAKS: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK SISTEMIK FUNGSIONAL

This study aimed to examine the use of modality in news text. This research expected to improve public media literacy in identifying hoax news through modality analysis. This research presented qualitative descriptive data with systemic functional linguistic approach. This study focused on type, value, and modality orientation. The research data resource was Hoax Report of Legislative and President Election Internet Content Control Sub-directorate for the period of August 2018 by Ministry of Communication and Information of Republic Indonesia. The research result showed that modality type possibility modalization intermediate degree and modulity type obligation modulation intermediate degree to dominate other types of modality. There were also types of modality that were not found in hoax-text news. They were modality type of usuality modalization of medium degree and modality type of inclination modulation of low degree.

The production of Italian dental affricates by Portuguese speakers

This work deals with the production of Italian dental affricates /ts dz/ by 2 female Portuguese speakers. Due to the lack of affricates in their L1, the aim was testing whether an affricate articulation and lengthening is preserved across phonological contexts. Through sentence-list reading, it will be shown how the affricate articulation is generally preserved, although /dz/ tends to reduce into a fricative /z/ more than the voiceless /ts/. An intermediate degree of sonority has also been detected together with a peculiar lengthening of the affricate involving only the occlusive part, whereas the fricative remains unvaried. These results may indicate a different phonological status of dental affricates for LS speakers.