The effects of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) and Rhizoctonia solani on the growth and yield of wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
RH Brown ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Pathogens

Field trials in a sandy mallee soil in Victoria have shown that large increases (up to 323%) in grain yield are obtained by soil fumigation or the application of nematicides. Development of the plants was enhanced by control of soil-borne root pathogens. The occurrence of both cereal cyst nematode (H. avenae) and Rhizoctonia solani in patches of poor wheat in a field trial in South Australia indicate a possible association between these two pathogens. Glasshouse studies showed that the effects of H. avenae and R. solani on wheat were greater when both pathogens were together than with each individually.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

Population estimates of cereal cyst nematode and response of wheat to granular nematicides

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM King ◽  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Assays

Response of vegetative growth and grain yield of wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Condor to the control of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae by nematicides applied with the seed, in the drill row was assessed in twenty field trials. These trials were conducted in 1978 on three soil types near Coonalpyn, South Australia. Aldicarb was used at all sites and fosthietan and terbufos at four sites. Significant grain yield increases to aldicarb were obtained at 12 sites while yields were increased by the three nematicides at three sites. Numbers of eggs of H. avenae were determined in soil taken in January 1978, and these counts showed that all sites were infested over the range 0.03-8.5 eggs/g soil. Plant assays of the soils assessed the reduction in the length of seminal root axes (range 0-45%) and the severity of the root knotting caused by H. avenae. The egg densities in the soil, reduction in the length of the seminal root axes and disease ratings in the plant assay were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.75; P< 0.001 to 0.91, P< 0.001). These variables were not significantly correlated with grain yield increase due to aldicarb on the two major wheat soils studied, although a correlation, explaining 32-42% of the increase, existed when all sites were considered. A mathematical model based on cropping history and an estimated annual hatch of eggs of H. avenae failed to show a relation between these variables and the yield increase from nematicide. H. avenae caused severe disease and yield loss on calcareous loams and red duplex soils but had only minimal effects at the sites on siliceous sands.

Pathogenic effects of Heterodera avenae and Rhizoctonia solani and their interaction on wheat

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
SC Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

The effects of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera arenae and the fungus Rhizoctonin solani on the growth of wheat seedlings were examined under glasshouse conditions. In combination, the pathogens caused significantly greater reduction in tillering, plant height, fresh weight, and root number and length than that caused by either pathogen when acting alone. Reduction in plant height, root number, and root length were the result of interaction. Nematode-fungus interaction may be the cause of disease in the field usually attributed to only one of these pathogens.

Wheat root protection from cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) by fluopyram seed treatment

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolin Li ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Daxia Zhang ◽  
Xu Lin ◽  
Guangying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Bioactivity Assay ◽  
Root Protection

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae), an important plant-parasitic nematode causing yield losses on wheat, has been found in many provinces in China. It is urgent to develop an effective method to protect wheat from H. avenae damage. With a novel mode of action, fluopyram has been registered for controlling root-knot nematodes on cucumber and tomato in China. However, the bioactivity of fluopyram against H. avenae and whether seed treatment is effective in controlling H. avenae on wheat remains unknown. In this study, a bioactivity assay revealed that fluopyram increased the mortality of H. avenae second stage juveniles (J2), with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.92 mg L-1 and 2.92 mg L-1, respectively. Hatching tests showed that H. avenae egg hatching percent decreased 35.2-69.2% with fluopyram at the rate of 1.6-6.4 mg L-1, and the egg hatching period was delayed by 3-9 days compared with the control. In pot and field trials, fluopyram seed treatment significantly reduced H. avenae population density and increased wheat yield by 3.0-13.7%. Therefore, fluopyram seed treatment is an effective approach for the management of H. avenae on wheat in China.

scholarly journals Effect of Abamectin on the Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) and Wheat Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianli Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxue Ji ◽  
Kaiyun Wang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Biological Pesticide

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) is a major pest in wheat and until now there is no pesticide registered to control this pest in China. Development of effective methods of controlling CCN is urgently needed. Abamectin is a biological pesticide that has a high nematicide activity. However, the efficacy of abamectin soil application to control CCN in wheat and its effect on yield in China remains unknown. Therefore, laboratory, greenhouse, and field tests were carried out to evaluate the potential of abamectin soil applications for CCN control and improvement of wheat yield. Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited knockdown toxicity to CCN, with LC50 and LC90 values 9.8 and 59.4 mg liter–1. Greenhouse experiment and field trials showed that soil applications of abamectin provided significant CCN control and higher straw dry weights and wheat grain yields. There was an 8.5 to 19.3% yield increase from the various abamectin treatments compared with the control. The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin exhibited a high nematicidal activity to H. avenae and adequate performance to enhance wheat crop yields.

The influence of phosphate fertilizer on the growth and yield of wheat in soil infested with cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Simon ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

In a field experiment, the numbers of immature females of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) on roots of wheat at anthesis were 14 1, 220 and 324 per plant with 0, 100 and 400 kg/ha superphosphate respectively. The field site, with an average annual rainfall of 450 mm, was located at Coonalpyn, S.A. (35�4 1'S., 139� 52'E.) on a grey-brown, calcareous, loamy earth. Wheat seedlings were grown under controlled environment conditions in two soils with identical chemical and physical properties, but with initial populations of H. avenae of 1.1 and 5.8 eggs/g soil to study the response in shoot and root growth to superphosphate either mixed through the soil or banded with the seed. Using aldicarb, it was shown that H. avenae reduced the length of seminal root axes per plant by 33% in soil containing 1.1 eggs of H. avenae/g and by 74% in soil containing 5.8 eggs/g. Length of seminal root axes was not affected by superphosphate. The length of lateral roots per plant was increased by controlling H. avenae with aldicarb in soil containing 5.8 eggs/g but not in soil containing 1.1 eggs/g. When superphosphate was banded with the seed, the length of lateral roots per plant increased by 33% in soil containing 1.1 eggs/g and by 55% in soil containing 5.8 eggs/g. In soil containing the lower initial population of H. avenae, shoot dry weight was increased by 97% when superphosphate was mixed through the soil and 100% when banded with the seed. However, in soil containing the higher initial population of H. avenae, the responses were 48 and 94% to mixed and banded superphosphate respectively, indicating that plants severely infected with H. avenae are less able to utilize phosphate distributed through the soil. The results have practical implications in that the method of application and amount of superphosphate in fields infested with H. avenae will affect the build-up of the nematode when cereals are grown; furthermore, in infested soils, the plant response to superphosphate would be greater when the fertilizer is banded with the seed.

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