scholarly journals Effect of Abamectin on the Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) and Wheat Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianli Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxue Ji ◽  
Kaiyun Wang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Biological Pesticide

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) is a major pest in wheat and until now there is no pesticide registered to control this pest in China. Development of effective methods of controlling CCN is urgently needed. Abamectin is a biological pesticide that has a high nematicide activity. However, the efficacy of abamectin soil application to control CCN in wheat and its effect on yield in China remains unknown. Therefore, laboratory, greenhouse, and field tests were carried out to evaluate the potential of abamectin soil applications for CCN control and improvement of wheat yield. Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited knockdown toxicity to CCN, with LC50 and LC90 values 9.8 and 59.4 mg liter–1. Greenhouse experiment and field trials showed that soil applications of abamectin provided significant CCN control and higher straw dry weights and wheat grain yields. There was an 8.5 to 19.3% yield increase from the various abamectin treatments compared with the control. The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin exhibited a high nematicidal activity to H. avenae and adequate performance to enhance wheat crop yields.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

Wheat root protection from cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) by fluopyram seed treatment

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolin Li ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Daxia Zhang ◽  
Xu Lin ◽  
Guangying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Bioactivity Assay ◽  
Root Protection

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae), an important plant-parasitic nematode causing yield losses on wheat, has been found in many provinces in China. It is urgent to develop an effective method to protect wheat from H. avenae damage. With a novel mode of action, fluopyram has been registered for controlling root-knot nematodes on cucumber and tomato in China. However, the bioactivity of fluopyram against H. avenae and whether seed treatment is effective in controlling H. avenae on wheat remains unknown. In this study, a bioactivity assay revealed that fluopyram increased the mortality of H. avenae second stage juveniles (J2), with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.92 mg L-1 and 2.92 mg L-1, respectively. Hatching tests showed that H. avenae egg hatching percent decreased 35.2-69.2% with fluopyram at the rate of 1.6-6.4 mg L-1, and the egg hatching period was delayed by 3-9 days compared with the control. In pot and field trials, fluopyram seed treatment significantly reduced H. avenae population density and increased wheat yield by 3.0-13.7%. Therefore, fluopyram seed treatment is an effective approach for the management of H. avenae on wheat in China.

Population estimates of cereal cyst nematode and response of wheat to granular nematicides

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM King ◽  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Assays

Response of vegetative growth and grain yield of wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Condor to the control of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae by nematicides applied with the seed, in the drill row was assessed in twenty field trials. These trials were conducted in 1978 on three soil types near Coonalpyn, South Australia. Aldicarb was used at all sites and fosthietan and terbufos at four sites. Significant grain yield increases to aldicarb were obtained at 12 sites while yields were increased by the three nematicides at three sites. Numbers of eggs of H. avenae were determined in soil taken in January 1978, and these counts showed that all sites were infested over the range 0.03-8.5 eggs/g soil. Plant assays of the soils assessed the reduction in the length of seminal root axes (range 0-45%) and the severity of the root knotting caused by H. avenae. The egg densities in the soil, reduction in the length of the seminal root axes and disease ratings in the plant assay were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.75; P< 0.001 to 0.91, P< 0.001). These variables were not significantly correlated with grain yield increase due to aldicarb on the two major wheat soils studied, although a correlation, explaining 32-42% of the increase, existed when all sites were considered. A mathematical model based on cropping history and an estimated annual hatch of eggs of H. avenae failed to show a relation between these variables and the yield increase from nematicide. H. avenae caused severe disease and yield loss on calcareous loams and red duplex soils but had only minimal effects at the sites on siliceous sands.

The effects of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) and Rhizoctonia solani on the growth and yield of wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
RH Brown ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Pathogens

Field trials in a sandy mallee soil in Victoria have shown that large increases (up to 323%) in grain yield are obtained by soil fumigation or the application of nematicides. Development of the plants was enhanced by control of soil-borne root pathogens. The occurrence of both cereal cyst nematode (H. avenae) and Rhizoctonia solani in patches of poor wheat in a field trial in South Australia indicate a possible association between these two pathogens. Glasshouse studies showed that the effects of H. avenae and R. solani on wheat were greater when both pathogens were together than with each individually.

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in Victoria: influence of cultural practices on grain yields and nematode populations

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Barry ◽  
RH Brown ◽  
BR Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Agronomic Strategies

The effect of several agronomic strategies on grain yields and cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) populations were studied at Sea Lake in the Victorian Mallee between 1967 and 1972 on a soil known to be heavily infested with the nematode. The resowing of damaged crops with either wheat or barley was not effective in producing higher yields, although cyst populations were lower on the resown crops-especially barley. Nitrogen fertilizers (urea and sulphate of ammonia) both produced small yield increases but, on average, these increases were uneconomic. Sulphate of ammonia applications increased cyst populations, especially when applied at seeding, and urea had only a marginal influence on cyst numbers. Barley (cv. Weeah, Prior, Noype ) gave the highest yields on nematode-infested soils, followed by wheat (cv. Insignia), with oats (cv. Avon, Irwin, Swan) having the poorest yields. However, the cyst populations after oats were considerably lower than after barley which, in turn, was lower than after wheat. These differential cyst populations were reflected in a subsequent wheat crop.

The effect of crop rotations in the Victorian Wimmera on the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae). nitrogen fertility and wheat yield

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
DR Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility

Rotations of two or four years sown barrel medic pasture, or volunteer (non-medic) pasture, were compared with a fallow-wheat rotation at Natimuk in the Victorian Wimmera. The fallow-wheat rotation maintained a high population of cereal cyst nematode and a low level of nitrogen fertility. Increase of fertility was greatest under barrel medic (0.006 per cent total nitrogen per year). Though lowest nematode populations were recorded after four years barrel medic plus fallow (0.25 eggs per gram of soil), a shorter period of medic ley may be more practical. Wheat yield following wheat-fallow (24.2 bushels an acre) was increased after two years natural pasture plus fallow (38.4 bushels an acre) but almost doubled after two years barrel medic plus fallow (46.0 bushels an acre). A single years fallow reduced the nematode population by 56-75 per cent, but there was a rapid increase whenever wheat was grown. Following two years medic ley plus fallow, only one or two wheat crops could be grown on a fallow-wheat rotation before the nematode population returned to its original level.

The relation between wheat yield and early damage of roots by cereal cyst nematode

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Simon ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A survey of 14 farmers' fields in the Northern Adelaide Plains in 1978 showed that cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) was the major factor limiting wheat yields, with a relation of r = -0.86 (P < 0.001) between damage to wheat roots at the seedling stage and grain yield. None of the 12 physical and chemical properties of the soils measured was related to cereal cyst nematode damage or grain yield. Samples taken from experimental plots with similar soil and climate showed a build up of H. avenae after four successive wheat crops and highly significant negative correlations between the damage to seminal roots by H. avenae, dry weight at flowering, and grain yield. A highly significant positive correlation of 0.84 existed between the damage to the seminal roots and the number of females (white cysts) on the roots at flowering.

Conservation agriculture for climate smart agriculture in smallholder farming systems in Kenya.

2022 ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Alfred Micheni ◽  
Patrick Gicheru ◽  
Onesmus Kitonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Abstract Climate change is any significant change in climatic conditions. Such changes may negatively affect productivity of the rain-fed agriculture practised by over 75% of the smallholder Kenyan farmers. The effect leads to failure to sustainably provide adequate food and revenue to famers. It is on this basis that an almost 8-year field study was conducted to evaluate and scale climate resilient agricultural technological options associated with Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems and practices (no-till; maintenance of permanent soil cover; and crop diversification - rotations and associations), complemented with good agricultural strategies. The activities involved were targeted to sustainably increase productivity of maize-legumes farming systems while reducing environmental risks. The results showed improved soil properties (physical, chemical and health) and consequently increased crop yields and human nutrition by over 30%. Such benefits were attributed to cost savings arising from NT and reduced labour requirement for weed control. This was further based on enhanced crop soil moisture and nutrients availability and use efficiency leading to over 25% yield increase advantage. Apart from the field trials, the study used the Agricultural Production Simulator (APSIM) computer model to simulate CA scenario with the aim of providing potential quick answers to adopting CA practices for farm system productivity. The results were inclusively shared, leading to over 21% increase in the number of farmers adopting the CA practices within and beyond the project sites. The study's overall recommendation affirmed the need to integrate the CA practices into Kenyan farming systems for sustainable agricultural livelihoods and economic opportunities.

Grain yield and N benefits to sequential wheat and barley crops from single-year alfalfa, berseem and red clover, chickling vetch and lentil

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith, Jr. ◽  
K. C. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Content

Single-year hay alfalfas (Medicago sativa L.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were evaluated for rotational yield and N benefits to the following first-year wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and second-year barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops. Field experiments were initiated in 1997 and 1998 on a Riverdale silty clay soil at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Yield and N content of the following wheat crop were increased following legumes compared to wheat following a canola control. Wheat yield and N content averaged 2955 kg ha–1 and 76.1 kg ha–1, respectively, following the chickling vetch and lentil, 2456 kg ha–1 and 56.4 kg ha–1 following single-year hay legumes, compared with 1706 kg ha–1 and 37.9 kg ha–1 following canola. Non-dormant alfalfas (dormancy rating of eight or greater) contributed to larger grain yields than the dormant alfalfas only in the first year of each experiment. The chickling vetch and lentil provided similar or higher subsequent crop yields and N content for 2 yr compared to a canola control or fallow treatment. This study shows that some increase in yield can be achieved by using a single-year alfalfa hay crop instead of fallow; however, exclusive green manuring of chickling vetch and lentil crops can produce the most increase in yield and N uptake in subsequent crops. Key words: Alfalfa (single-year), legumes (annual), green manure, nitrogen, cropping system

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