Laboratory screening for allelopathic potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wu ◽  
J. Pratley ◽  
D. Lemerle ◽  
T. Haig
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
New Bioassay

A new screening bioassay, the ‘equal-compartment-agar-method (ECAM)’, was developed and employed to evaluate 92 wheat cultivars for their allelopathic activity on the inhibition of root growth of annual ryegrass (L. rigidum). Results showed that the allelopathic activity of wheat was associated with the sowing time of ryegrass seeds, the number of wheat seedlings, agar quantities, and agar concentrations. The addition of activated charcoal into the agar medium significantly alleviated wheat allelopathic inhibition on the root growth of ryegrass, indicating that wheat allelopathic activity is chemically driven. There were significant differences between wheat cultivars in their allelopathic potential at the seedling stage on the inhibition of root elongation of annual ryegrass, varying from 23.98% to 90.91%. Re-screening of 22 selected wheat accessions showed that the allelopathic potential of wheat cultivars is consistent between different years under the same experimental conditions. This newly developed screening bioassay successfully separated the allelopathic effect from the competitive effect between wheat and ryegrass plants, and enabled the constant release and accumulation of allelochemicals from living wheat seedlings into the growth medium to affect the growth of ryegrass. The influence of microorganisms was also avoided because of the sterile conditions. The present study describes this new bioassay suitable for the efficient screening of a large number of wheat cultivars under laboratory conditions.

Evaluation of seedling allelopathy in 453 wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) by the equal-compartment-agar method

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wu ◽  
J. Pratley ◽  
D. Lemerle ◽  
T. Haig
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Agar Method

Allelopathy has been receiving world-wide attention for its potential in integrated weed management. A newly developed screening bioassay, the ‘equal-compartment-agar method’ (ECAM), was used to evaluate seedling allelopathy against annual ryegrass in a collection of 453 wheat accessions originating from 50 countries. Significant differences in allelopathic potential were found in this worldwide collection, inhibiting root growth of ryegrass from 9.7% to 90.9%. Wheat seedling allelopathy also varied significantly with accessions from different countries. Wheat allelopathic activity was normally distributed within the collection, indicating the involvement of multiple genes conferring the allelopathic trait. Of the 453 wheat accessions screened, 2 distinct groups were identified. Condor-derivatives were more allelopathic than Pavon-derivatives, with an average inhibition of root growth of ryegrass by 76% and 46%, respectively. Research was further extended to investigate the near isogenic lines derived from Hartog (Pavon-derivative) and Janz (Condor-derivative). Hartog and its backcrossed lines were less allelopathic than Janz and its backcrossed lines, inhibiting root length of ryegrass by 45% and 81%, respectively. These results strongly indicate that wheat allelopathic activity might also be controlled by major genes, depending on the particular populations. The present study demonstrates that there is a considerable genetic variation of allelopathic activity in wheat germplasm. It is possible to breed for cultivars with enhanced allelopathic activity for weed suppression.

scholarly journals Evaluation of allelopathic competency of Lamium amplexicaule and identification of its allelopathic active substance

2019 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Chisato Sakamoto, Masahiko Suzuki ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato- Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Methyl Caffeate

The weedy annual grass Lamium amplexicaule (L.) originated from the Mediterranean region, spreads quickly, and becomes naturalized in areas it invades. It was assumed that volatile phytotoxic substances are one of the invasive characteristics of L. amplexicaule. However, no volatile compound has been found. Therefore, we re-evaluated the allelopathic potential of L. amplexicaule and investigated the phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity. An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros, which indicates that the extract has an allelopathic effect. The extract was purified using bioassay-guided chromatographic separations, and a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and characterized as methyl caffeate. The compound significantly inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. sativum and L. multiflorum. The present results suggest that methyl caffeate may contribute to the allelopathic effect of the L. amplexicaule extracts and consequently, may be partly responsible for the invasive characteristics of the species. 

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of essential oils of medicinal plants in Bidens pilosa L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.S. Alves ◽  
S. Medeiros Filho ◽  
A. Manoel Neto ◽  
R.C. Brito ◽  
R.C. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

We determined the inhibitory allelopathic effects of the volatile extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness, Lippia sidoides Cham. and Cymbopogum nardus L. on seed germination and root growth of seedlings of Bidens pilosa. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Ceará. For this end, we used oils at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08% (v/v). Five treatments were used for each of the oils arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. The seeds were sown in Petri dishes lined with filter paper moistened with distilled water and, aiming at the indirect contact with each oil, two sheets of filter paper were placed on top of the lid, in which three (3) mL of each oil solution were added. Then, the dishes were incubated in a germination chamber at 25°C. The pH did not contribute to alter the results; the volatile extracts of essential oils of C. zeylanicum, L. sidoides and C. nardus inhibited seed germination and root growth of seedlings of B. pilosa, which shows allelopathic potential; and the concentration of 0.08% of oils caused the overall deterioration of the roots and death of seedlings of B. pilosa.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Leaf Extracts from Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. on the Seedling Growth of Six Test Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024
Author(s):  
Ramida KRUMSRI ◽  
Sutjaritpan BOONMEE ◽  
Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity

Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This plant has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, however, there has been no report related to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the aqueous methanol extracts of D. imbricata were examined for possible allelopathic activity against the seedling growth of dicotyledonous plants; lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and monocotyledonous plants; barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). D. imbricata extracts exhibited a significant inhibition on the seedling growth of all the test plant species at the concentration ≥ 0.01 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The seedling growth of lettuce showed the highest inhibition with D. imbricata extracts followed by alfalfa and cress, whereas the least inhibition was found on the seedling growth of timothy. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of all the test plant species were in the range of 0.003 to 0.067 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.018 to 0.026 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. In addition considering the I50 values, the root growth of the test plant species was more sensitive to D. imbricata extracts than their shoot growth, except cress seedling. These results indicated that D. imbricata may possess allelopathic activity and may contain allelopathic substances.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 85-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Rositska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity

Objective – to investigate the influence of drought on allelopathic activity of Pinus sylvestris L. plants in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of P. sylvestris grew in compliance with the necessary agricultural technology including regular irrigation at site 1 (control) and in the conditions of drought at site 2 that models natural ecosystems (experiment). The allelopathic activity of leaves and soil was determined. In the model experiments, Lepidium sativum L. ‘Azhur’, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Poliska 90’, Amaranthus caudatum L. ‘Rothschwanz’ were applied as the test plants. Results of the current study revealed that the allelopathic potential of needles and rhizosphere soil of P. sylvestris depends not only from the species but also from drought conditions. The inhibitory effect was stronger against root elongation than shoot elongation of seedlings. Conclusion. This study provides a laboratory-based evidence of the allelopathic effect of P. sylvestris exudates under drought stress on model plants. Studies showed that plants grown under conditions of lower soil moisture exhibit stronger inhibitory effect or slightly stimulate the growth of test objects in comparison with plants that had better water supply. This testifies to the relationship between soil moisture and seasonal allelopathic activity of the plants.

scholarly journals Study of the allelopathic activity of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb

Plant Omics ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuzur Rob ◽  
Hisashi Kato- Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Test Plants

The allelopathic properties of plants can be used as an alternative weed control method to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides. Accordingly, the present study was carried out to determine the allelopathic activity of Garcinia pedunculata. Six different concentrations of aqueous methanol extracts of G. pedunculata fruit were prepared and used to determine their effect on the growth of eight test plants: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidum sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). The test plants were grown in Petri dishes and after 48 h incubation, the length of the roots and shoots of the seedlings was measured and compared with control seedlings. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data was performed using the SPSS statistical package, and the I50 values were measured from a regression equation. The extracts at each concentration significantly inhibited the shoot and root growth of all the test plants, except the concentration of 0.001 g dry weight equivalent extract/mL, compared with control. At a concentration of 0.3 g of dry weight equivalent extract/mL, the shoot and root growth of all the tested plants were completely inhibited, except the shoot growth of barnyard grass. The degree of inhibition increased in line with increased extract concentration. The shoots of alfalfa and the roots of barnyard grass were determined to be the most susceptible to the G. pedunculata extract based on the concentration of extract resulting in 50% (I50) growth inhibition of the test plants. These results suggest that G. pedunculata may have allelopathic potential and may possess allelochemicals. From our study, we can conclude that G. pedunculata could be developed as an eco-friendly weed control option.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. leaf extracts against the seedling growth of six test plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1534-1542
Author(s):  
Ei H. KYAW ◽  
Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd (Mimosaceae), a woody climbing plant, is used as a traditional medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia regions and has been documented to have various pharmacological effects. However, the allelopathy of this plant still remains unclear. Thus, the allelopathic potential of A. pennata leaf extracts was examined against the seedling growth of dicot plants [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)] and monocot plants [barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)] at six different concentrations. The results showed that the A. pennata leaf extracts inhibited the seedling growth of all the test plant species at concentrations ≥3 mg dry weight (D.W.) equivalent extract mL-1. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against both shoot and root growth varied with concentration and tested plants. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the test plant shoots and roots were 1.5-16.1 and 1.4-8.6 mg D.W. equivalent extract mL-1, respectively. The root growth of all the test plant species was more sensitive to the extracts than their shoot growth, except alfalfa. The results of the present study indicate that the A. pennata leaf extracts may have allelopathic potential and may contain allelopathic substances. Therefore, further studies are required for isolation and identification of the growth inhibitory substances which are responsible for the allelopathic effect of A. pennata.

New bioassay method to study the allelopathic activity of sugar lungwort (Pulmonaria saccharata Mill.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Chernyaeva ◽  
Vladimir. P Viktorov
Keyword(s):  
Bioassay Method ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
New Bioassay

Genetic Improvement of Root Growth and Its Relationship with Grain Yield of Wheat Cultivars in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei TIAN ◽  
Yong-Hui FAN ◽  
Mei YIN ◽  
Fang-Rui WANG ◽  
Jian CAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Lower Yangtze

PLC1 and H2O2 Mediated the Allelopathic Effect of Oridonin on Root Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Yanhuang An ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ruirui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Effect
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