Duration of zinc uptake inhibition by chlorsulfuron in wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Osborne ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The duration of inhibition of zinc uptake by chlorsulfuron was examined in wheat plants in a glasshouse experiment. Chlorsulfuron decreased shoot weight, root weight and zinc uptake. Plants that were treated with chlorsulfuron and adequately supplied with zinc partially recovered from root and shoot growth inhibition by 6 weeks and zinc uptake was recovering by 8 weeks. Plants that were seriously zinc deficient did not recover. In this experiment, potential grain yield was only reduced by chlorsulfuron when zinc supplies were inadequate. It is suggested that the recovery of plants from zinc deficiency may be the result of two processes; hydrolysis of chlorsulfuron with time removing constraints to root growth and functioning, and the release of root exudates from zinc deficient plants effective at mobilizing zinc from soil. In the field, chlorsulfuron is only likely to induce zinc deficiency and reduce yield in wheat where supplies of this trace element are marginal for growth.

scholarly journals Copper-treated Plug Flats Influence Root Growth and Flowering of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Armitage ◽  
P.M. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Shoot Weight

A copper hydroxide formulation (0%, 3.5%, 7%, 11% Cu) was applied to plug trays before sowing seeds of Impatiens ×hybrida L. `Accent Red', Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey `Scarlet Elite', and Petunia ×hybrida Hort.Vilm.-Andr. `Ultra White' to investigate the influence of the formulations on ease of transplant, root growth, and shoot growth. These factors also were investigated in Cu-treated seedling plugs held past optimal transplanting stage. Root spiraling and seedling height at transplant were reduced for all taxa grown in Cu-treated trays, regardless of concentration, compared to seedlings from nontreated trays. Root weight and shoot weight responses to Cu treatments at transplant and at flowering varied among taxa. Mature heights of all taxa were unaffected by Cu treatment; however, flowering date was delayed for impatiens and geraniums transplanted at optimal time from Cu-treated trays. In general, petunias displayed little response to Cu treatment. Root spiraling was reduced and plugs were removed more easily from Cu-treated than from control trays stored for 2 weeks in the greenhouse, but flowering time was delayed for 12 days for impatiens and petunias and 21 days for geraniums, regardless of Cu concentration.

scholarly journals BIOSTIMULANTS CAN INCREASE GROWTH OF GREEN-HOUSE-GROWN ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 744c-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Gibbons ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Allan M. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Green House ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

Three biostimulants, Grow-plex (Menefee Mining Corp., Dallas), Roots 2 (LISA Product Corp., Independence, Mo.), and Root n' Shoot (Natural Organic Products International, Mount Dora, Fla.) were applied to transplanted plugs of Salvia splendens `Empire Red' and Begonia semperflorens `Varsity Pink' and `Varsity Brite Scarlet'. Root n' Shoot drench (0.78%) solutions at transplant increased root weight, but a 1.56% solution decreased root weight of Salvia, although shoot growth was unaffected. Root n' Shoot decreased shoot growth of Begonia, but did not affect root growth. Roots 2 treatments (0.25% or 2.00%) increased shoot weight of Salvia, but did not affect the root growth of Salvia or the root or shoot growth of Begonia. Spraying Grow-plex (0.78% or 1.56%) to runoff at transplanting and 2 weeks after transplanting did not affect root or shoot growth of Salvia or Begonia.

Effects of subsoil acidity on the shoot and root growth of some tropical and temperate forage legumes

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton ◽  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Subsoil Acidity ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Carbonate Species

The root and shoot growth of four tropical and two temperate summer-growing legumes were assessed when plants were grown in deep profiles of an acidic soil modified by additions of calcium carbonate. Species tested over three harvests were Desmodium intortum, Glycine wightii, Stylosanthes humilis (Townsville stylo), Macvoptilium atvopuvpureum (Siratro), Trifolium repens and Medicago sativa (lucerne). There were large and more immediate effects on root growth, particularly on fine root length, than on shoot growth. The species differed in their root responses to lime, the tropical species in general being more tolerant of subsoil acidity than the temperate species. There were marked differences between species in their responses when expressed as the ratio of fine root length to total shoot weight. The ratio of root weight to shoot weight showed much less variation with lime rate, and it is suggested that the ratio of fine root length to shoot weight is the better indicator of tolerance to subsoil acidity. S. humilis showed little response to lime at any time, and was notable for its length of fine root. Siratro grew well at first but later there was little increase in shoot weight or in length of fine root, although tap root weight increased greatly. Roots of D. intorturn, T. repens and lucerne were slow to penetrate beyond 55 cm depth. At later harvests the root lengths of these species and of G. wightii were highly responsive to lime. Agronomic implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Biostimulants can Increase Growth of Greenhouse-grown Ornamental Annuals

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 701c-701
Author(s):  
Brian P. Gibbons ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Allan M. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

Three biostmulants, Grow-plex (Menefee Mining Corp., Dallas, Texas), Roots 2 (LISA Product Corp., Independence, Mo.), and Root n' Shoot (Natural Organic Products International, Mount Dora, Fla.) were applied to transplanted plugs of Salvia splendens `Empire Red' and Begonia semperflorens-cultorum `Varsity Pink' and `Varsity Brite Scarlet'. Root n' Shoot drench (0.78%) solutions at transplant increased root weight, but a 1.56% solution decreased root weight of salvia; however, shoot growth was unaffected. Root n' Shoot decreased shoot growth of begonia, but did not affect root growth of begonia. Roots 2 treatments (0.25% or 2.00%) increased shoot weight of salvia, but did not affect salvia root growth or root or shoot growth of begonia. Spraying Grow-plex (0.78% or 1.56%) to runoff at transplanting and 2 weeks after transplanting did not affect root or shoot growth of salvia or begonia.

NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ BIỆN PHÁP KỸ THUẬT TĂNG KHẢ NĂNG NHÂN GIỐNG CÂY SÂM PHÚ YÊN (Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz)

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Đình Thi
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Weight

TÓM TẮT Các thí nghiệm được tiến hành trong điều kiện nhà ươm có mái che tại Trung tâm Ứng dụng và Chuyển giao công nghệ, Sở Khoa học và Công nghệ tỉnh Phú Yên.  Kết quả cho thấy: 1) Xử lý α-NAA 400 ppm trong thời gian 1,5-2 phút, cành giâm dài 7 cm và trên cành để lại 4 lá, phun bổ sung dinh dưỡng bằng phân bón lá Supermes giúp cành giâm ra rễ nhiều, khả năng sinh trưởng của rễ và chồi cành tốt hơn đối chứng và các công thức thí nghiệm khác; 2) Giá thể vô bầu cành giâm có thành phần 69% đất phù sa + 1% super lân + 20% trấu hun + 10% phân chuồng hoai giúp cây giống sinh trưởng phát triển khỏe; 3) Từ kết quả các thí nghiệm, chúng tôi đã xây dựng quy trình nhân giống sâm Phú Yên cải tiến, kết quả thử nghiệm quy trình cải tiến cho thấy cây giống sau giâm 36 ngày có các chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng về chồi và rễ hơn quy trình cũ ở mức sai khác có ý nghĩa thống kê, cụ thể chiều dài chồi tăng 5%, số chồi tăng 21%, khối lượng chồi tăng 14%, số rễ/cành giâm tăng 25%, chiều dài rễ tăng 15% và khối lượng rễ tăng 12%. Từ khóa: Sâm Phú Yên, biện pháp kỹ thuật, nhân giống vô tính.STUDY ON APPROPRIATE CULTIVATED TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION RATE OF PHU YEN GINSENG (Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz)Nguyễn Đình Thi, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue UniversityTrương Hùng Mỹ, Phu Yen Department of Science and TechnologySUMMARYExperiments were conducted in nethourse at Application and Transformation Technology Center, Phu Yen Department of Science and Technology. The results showed that: 1) Using α-NAA 400 ppm solution dipped in 1.5-2 minutes, main stem with 7cm length and 4 leaves, spraying Supermes 3days/time appeared optimal for root and shoot growth of Phu Yen ginseng stem cutting; 2) In addition, using rootting medium mixture of 69% silt + 1% super phosphate + 20% rice husk + 10% compost obtained the highest of shoot, root and leaves growth; 3) After 36 days vegetative propagation, when comparing with the old cultivated techniques Phu Yen ginseng increase 5-25% growth indicators (shoot height = 5%, shoot number = 21%, shoot weight = 14%, root number = 25%, root length = 15% and root weight = 12%).Keys word: Phu Yen ginseng, cultivated techniques, vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk ◽  
Richard W. Zobel ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

The objectives of this study were to determine root and shoot growth periodicity for established Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak), Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut), and Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees and to evaluate three methods of root growth periodicity measurement. Two methods were evaluated using a rhizotron. One method measured the extension rate (RE) ofindividual roots, and the second method measured change in root length (RL) against an observation grid. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons (MR), was also evaluated. RE showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured by RE. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by RL and MR. RE measured extension rate of larger diameter lateral roots, RL measured increase in root length of all diameter lateral roots and MR measured new root count of all sizes of lateral and vertical roots. Root growth periodicity patterns differed with the measurement method and the types of roots measured.

Napropamide Uptake, Transport, and Metabolism in Corn (Zea mays) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Napropamide [2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] inhibited root and shoot growth in corn (Zea maysL. ‘NC+ 59’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Niagara VF315’) seedlings. Shoot growth was reduced less than root growth in both species. Corn roots were approximately 10 times more sensitive to napropamide than were tomato roots. Translocation of napropamide from the roots to the shoot of tomato occurred within 0.5 h and followed an apoplastic pattern. Little movement of napropamide from the roots to the shoots occurred in corn. Metabolism of napropamide was not evident in either species during an 8-h exposure. Absorption studies showed that total napropamide levels were 60% higher in corn root tissue than in tomato root tissue. The greater napropamide content in the corn roots was associated with a tightly bound fraction of the total napropamide influx.

Internal Phosphorus Flows During Development of Phosphorus Stress in Stylosanthes hamata

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Smith ◽  
WA Jackson ◽  
PJV Berg
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata

Partitioning and net transfer of phosphorus between shoots and roots in the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano during the development of phosphorus deficiency has been studied. Plants were stressed by either growing them in dilute flowing culture on continuously maintained external phosphorus concentrations that were inadequate for maximal growth, or by transferring plants of varying phosphorus status to phosphorus-free media. An external phosphorus concentration of 1 �M P was found to be just adequate for maximal growth of S. hamata. Phosphorus stress caused rapid and substantial increases in root weight percentage. It is proposed that this represents an important adaptive mechanism for maximising phosphorus uptake by S. hamata growing in phosphorus-deficient soils. Roots contained the minimum proportion of the plant's phosphorus content when root phosphorus concentrations were 8-10 �mol P g-1 root, and shoot phosphorus concentrations were 16-20 �mol P g-1 shoot. When tissue concentrations were less than these values, plants suffered from phosphorus stress and phosphorus was either preferentially retained by the roots or rapidly transferred from shoots to roots, reducing the growth rates of shoots, but permitting root growth to continue. Upon reducing the external phosphorus supply to plants whose root phosphorus concentrations exceeded 8 to 10 �mol P g-1 root, excess phosphorus was rapidly transferred from the root to the shoot to maintain shoot growth rates. The mobility of phospborus within the plant, and the apparent lack of any delay in transferring phosphorus from shoots to roots as phosphorus stress developed, represent another adaptive feature that is likely to be important to the successful growth of S. hamata in low phosphorus soils. When the phosphorus supply was limited, the plant's resources were directed toward maintaining root growth. Even extremely phosphorus deficient plants, in which shoot growth had ceased, maintained linear rates of root growth. These linear rates were related to the total phosphorus content of the plant. In the latter stages of phosphorus deprivation, linear rates of root growth were maintained by remobilisation of phosphorus from the older parts of the root system to sustain the phosphorus supply to the root meristems.

Differential Response of Ajuga (Ajuga reptans), Wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei), and Dwarf Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus‘Compacta’) to Root- and Shoot-Applied Isoxaben

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydha Salihu ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Ajuga Reptans ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Treatment

Hydroponics and sand culture studies evaluated the effects of isoxaben rate (0.84, 1.69, and 3.39 kg/ha) and application type (root only, shoot only, and root plus shoot) on the growth of ajuga, wintercreeper, and dwarf burning bush. Similar responses were exhibited by the three species tested in both hydroponics and sand culture studies. Based on shoot weight reductions, dwarf burning bush was one to three times more sensitive than wintercreeper, which was the most tolerant of the three species, and ajuga was five to 20 times more sensitive than wintercreeper. Isoxaben applied to the root system at all three rates injured ajuga root tips and foliage and reduced root weight by approximately 40% and shoot weight by 20 to 30%. Isoxaben applications to ajuga foliage damaged the roots and leaves and caused over 30% reductions in shoot and root weights at the highest rate tested. Isoxaben applied to dwarf burning bush roots caused less than 20% shoot injury, reduced root weight by 8 to 18%, and reduced shoot weight by less than 10%. Application to dwarf burning bush foliage caused 20 to 30% injury, but only slight reductions in root and shoot weights were observed. No visible injury was observed in wintercreeper from any isoxaben application. However, root treatment reduced wintercreeper root weight by approximately 15%, and shoot treatment reduced shoot weight by 6 to 10% at the highest isoxaben rate tested. Application of isoxaben to both roots and foliage of wintercreeper resulted in similar reductions in shoot and root weights compared to root or shoot exposure alone. Shoot application to wintercreeper affected root growth, and root treatment reduced shoot growth.

scholarly journals Root and shoot growth in safflower as affected by soil compaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1443-1448
Author(s):  
Caroline Beal Montiel ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Araceli Ciotti Marins ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Junior ◽  
Jeikson Rafael Deggerone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Soil compaction, induced by no-tillage practices, can negatively impact soil properties important for plant growth. Compacted soils can restrict root growth depth, resulting in reduced crop yield. Although safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has a deep root system, yield may still be affected by soil compaction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate safflower root and shoot growth when submitted to soil compaction in an Oxisol soil under controlled (greenhouse) and field conditions. Five soil bulk density measures were performed in a greenhouse (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 Mg m–3). Four compaction levels (established by the number of passes of a farm tractor: 0, 1, 3, and 5 passes consecutively) were performed to evaluate the effect of soil compaction in the field. Root and shoot growth were measured after harvesting the plants. Safflower root growth was reduced when soil compaction increased from 1.1 to 1.5 Mg m–3 under controlled (greenhouse) conditions. In field conditions, we observed a decrease in root length, and fresh and dry matter in roots and shoots of safflower as the soil compaction increased to 5P (1.28 Mg m–3). The results of our study suggest safflower root and shoot growth can be impacted by soil compaction which could affect crop yield.

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