Effect of the environment in which seeds are grown and softened on the incidence of autumn seed softening in two species of annual medics

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Annual Medics

The incidence of autumn seed softening, which is believed to offer some protection against false breaks of season, was investigated under a range of environmental conditions in three medic cultivars over three years of softening. Newly ripened pods of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) cvv. Serena and Santiago, and barrel medic (M. truncatula Gaertn.) cv. Cyprus, that were grown at three sites were transferred to four seed softening sites in December. Their progress of seed softening was determined in March, April and June. The seed softening process was also studied in a range of laboratory treatments. Seed growing environments were more important than seed softening environments in determining rates of seed softening in all cultivars. However, the distribution of softening between summer and autumn was generally consistent between the growing and softening environments. More than half the annual softening of Serena and Santiago seeds occurred between the first week of March and June in each of the first three years. A smaller proportion of Cyprus seeds softened between March and June in the first and third years than was the case with the other cultivars. In the first year of softening most of the Serena and Santiago seeds that went on to soften between March and June were already present as latent soft seeds (impermeable seeds that soften rapidly once subjected to appropriate temperature fluctuations) in March, as determined by short-term treatment at 35/10�C. There were fewer latent soft seeds present at this time in later years that responded to this same treatment, suggesting that the longer-term hard seeds had other temperature requirements for the final stage of seed softening. High correlations (r2 = 0.90) were obtained between percent seed softening of the three cultivars in the field in the first year and after laboratory treatment with diurnal temperature fluctuations of 60/15�C for 16 weeks, followed by four diurnal cycles of 35/10�C. Autumn seed softening is sufficiently consistent under a wide range of environmental conditions to be a worthwhile selection criterion in medic improvement programs.

Patterns of seed softening and seedling emergence of nineteen annual medics during three years after a single seed crop in southern Queensland

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lloyd ◽  
G. B. Taylor ◽  
B. Johnson ◽  
K. C. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burr Medic ◽  
Annual Medics

Summary. To produce seed to determine the rates of seed softening of annual medics in the subtropics, 8 lines of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula), 3 lines of burr medic (M. polymorpha), 4 lines of snail medic (M. scutellata), and 1 line of each of button medic (M. orbicularis), strand medic (M. littoralis) and gama medic (M. rugosa) were grown at Warra in southern inland Queensland, in 1993. Seed of a fourth line of burr medic, a naturalised line, was harvested from Hermitage Research Station at that time. Pods were placed on the soil surface and buried at a depth of 7 cm, both in flywire envelopes and as free pods. Residual hard seed numbers were determined each year for 3 years from the envelopes, and seedlings were counted and removed from the free pods after each germination event. Patterns of softening of seeds from the same seed populations were also determined after placing them in a laboratory oven with a diurnal temperature fluctuation of 60/15° C for periods of 16, 40 and 64 weeks followed, after each time period, by 4 diurnal cycles of 35/10°C. More than 90% of the original seeds were hard. Seed softening at the soil surface ranged from 26% after 3 years in button medic to almost complete softening in the gama medic after only 2 years. Burial had little effect on the rate of softening of the button medic but about halved the rate of softening of the other lines. The barrel medics were vulnerable to losses of large numbers of seedlings which softened and germinated in January–February and the snail medics from seedlings emerging in August–December. The proportion of soft seeds recovered as seedlings in the buried compared with the surface pods was higher in the larger-seeded medics, snail and gama, and lower in the other, smaller-seeded medics. Laboratory techniques effectively ranked the medic lines for their rate of seed softening in the field and provided some insight into their seasonal patterns of seed softening. A wide range of seed softening patterns is available for fitting the requirements of various farming systems. The most appropriate pattern of softening will depend on the variability of medic seed production between years and the need for self regeneration of the medic after a cereal crop.

scholarly journals Unsuccessful intravenous D-mannose treatment in PMM2-CDG

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Grünert ◽  
Thorsten Marquardt ◽  
Ekkehart Lausch ◽  
Hans Fuchs ◽  
Christian Thiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Glycosylation Defect

Abstract Background PMM2-CDG (Phosphomannomutase 2 - Congenital disorder of glycosylation-Ia; CDG-Ia) is the most common glycosylation defect, often presenting as a severe multisystem disorder that can be fatal within the first years of life. While mannose treatment has been shown to correct glycosylation in vitro and in vivo in mice, no convincing effects have been observed in short-term treatment trials in single patients so far. Results We report on a boy with a severe PMM2-CDG who received a continuous intravenous mannose infusion over a period of 5 months during the first year of life in a dose of 0.8 g/kg/day. N-glycosylation of serum glycoproteins and mannose concentrations in serum were studied regularly. Unfortunately, no biochemical or clinical improvement was observed, and the therapy was terminated at age 9 months. Conclusion Postnatal intravenous D-mannose treatment seems to be ineffective in PMM2-CDG.

Adrenal phenotype in TPIT insufficient animals cannot be restored by short-term treatment with physiological doses of ACTH and N-POMC

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Klammer ◽  
D Schulte ◽  
M Fassnacht ◽  
S Hahner ◽  
AM Pulichino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment

Anticancer Effects & Comparative Study of Thymoquinone, Cordyceps, Spirulina, Ganoderma Lucidium, Poria Cocos, and Lion’s Mane on Human Nasal Cancer Cells (RPMI-2650)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
سعيد مزعل موازي ◽  
يحيى فائق حسين ◽  
عبد المنعم دولاني ◽  
سيف يوسف عبدالله السويدي
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Poria Cocos ◽  
Nasal Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Recently, many studies have been conducted to discover or improve cancers treatment. The current study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane in four different concentrations 4, 8, 16, and 32 ug (equivalent to 1 mg/mL) in two different time treatments (48 and 96 hours) on human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650. By using cell culture cytotoxicity techniques and assay, the highest anticancer effect on RPMI 2650 was obtained by thymoquinone. The lowest anticancer effect was demonstrated by poria cocos and cordyceps. However, these two medications showed higher anticancer effect when given in short-term treatment (48 hours) compared to long-term treatment (96 hours). Ganoderma lucidium and spirulina showed better impact than poria cocos, cordyceps, and lion’s mane in term of cells cytotoxicity. Mild to moderate antineoplastic effect was seen by utilizing lion’s mane treatment compared other drugs. Therefore, adopting a long-term treatment of high concentrations and doses of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane can be more effective in the treatment of nasal cancer. In conclusion, these drugs were found to be a promising cancer remedy; therefore, they can be utilized as alternative treatment for nasal cancer or any other type of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Physiology of Methylotrophs Living in the Phyllosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Hiroya Yurimoto ◽  
Kosuke Shiraishi ◽  
Yasuyoshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Methanol is abundant in the phyllosphere, the surface of the above-ground parts of plants, and its concentration oscillates diurnally. The phyllosphere is one of the major habitats for a group of microorganisms, the so-called methylotrophs, that utilize one-carbon (C1) compounds, such as methanol and methane, as their sole source of carbon and energy. Among phyllospheric microorganisms, methanol-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria, known as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), are the dominant colonizers of the phyllosphere, and some of them have recently been shown to have the ability to promote plant growth and increase crop yield. In addition to PPFMs, methanol-utilizing yeasts can proliferate and survive in the phyllosphere by using unique molecular and cellular mechanisms to adapt to the stressful phyllosphere environment. This review describes our current understanding of the physiology of methylotrophic bacteria and yeasts living in the phyllosphere where they are exposed to diurnal cycles of environmental conditions.

A medium-scale volume dielectric barrier discharge system for short-term treatment of cereal seeds indicates improved germination performance with long-term effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 044904
Author(s):  
H. Brust ◽  
T. M. C. Nishime ◽  
N. Wannicke ◽  
T. S. M. Mui ◽  
S. Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Medium Scale

scholarly journals The plant secondary compound swainsonine reshapes gut microbiota in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shien Ren ◽  
Chao Fan ◽  
Liangzhi Zhang ◽  
Xianjiang Tang ◽  
Haibo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Ochotona Curzoniae ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals

Abstract Plants produce various plant secondary compounds (PSCs) to deter the foraging of herbivorous mammals. However, little is known about whether PSCs can reshape gut microbiota and promote gut homeostasis of hosts. Using 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the effects of PSCs on the gut microbiota of small herbivorous mammals, we studied plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) fed diets containing swainsonine (SW) extracted from Oxytropis ochrocephala. Our results showed that both long- and short-term treatment of a single artificial diet in the laboratory significantly reduced alpha diversity and significantly affected beta diversity, core bacteria abundance, and bacterial functions in pikas. After SW was added to the artificial diet, the alpha diversity significantly increased in the long-term treatment, and core bacteria (e.g., Akkermansiaceae) with altered relative abundances in the two treatments showed no significant difference compared with pikas in the wild. The complexity of the co-occurrence network structure was reduced in the artificial diet, but it increased after SW was added in both treatments. Further, the abundances of bacteria related to altered alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism in the artificial diet were restored in response to SW. SW further decreased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in both treatments. Our results suggest that PSCs play a key role in regulating gut microbiota community and intestinal homeostasis, thereby maintaining host health. Key points • Swainsonine improves the intestinal bacterial diversity of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the recovery of core bacterial abundances in the gut of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the restoration of intestinal bacterial functions of plateau pikas.

scholarly journals KIDNEY INJURY MOLECULE-1 AS AN EARLY AMIKACIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY MARKER IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS HOSPITALIZED IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
TRISNI UNTARI DEWI ◽  
INSTIATY . ◽  
RUDIANTO SEDONO ◽  
GESTINA ALISKA ◽  
MUHAMMAD KHIFZHON AZWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Trough Plasma

Objective: This study sought to determine the correlation between trough plasma amikacin concentrations and urinary normalized kidney injurymolecule-1 (KIM-1) concentrations as an early biomarker of nephrotoxicity in patients with sepsis who are hospitalized in an intensive care unit.Methods: In this pilot study, 12 patients with sepsis were treated with amikacin 1000 mg/day between May 2015 and September 2015. The correlationbetween trough plasma amikacin concentrations measured after the third dose and the elevation of urinary normalized KIM-1 concentrations afterthe third amikacin dose relative to the first/second dose was evaluated.Results: In total, three patients had trough plasma amikacin concentrations exceeding the safe level (>10 μg/ml). Furthermore, eight patientsdisplayed higher normalized KIM-1 concentrations after third dose than after the first/second dose; however, there was no correlation betweentrough amikacin concentrations and the elevation of urinary normalized KIM-1 concentrations (r=0.3, p=0.3).Conclusion: The study results illustrated that short-term treatment with an amikacin dose of 1000 mg/day was generally safe in patients with sepsis.

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