Potential Using Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Based on Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) for Supporting Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) becomes one of the most popular modern technologies these days, due to its contribution to the development and modernization of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The primary goal of these networks is to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers in roads. There are many types of VANET that are used in ITS, in this paper, we particularly focus on the Vehicle to Vehicle communication (V2V), which each vehicle can exchange information to inform drivers of other vehicles about the current state of the road flow, in the event of any emergency to avoid accidents, and reduce congestion on roads. We proposed V2V using Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity); the reason of its unique characteristics that distinguish it from other types. There are many difficulties and the challenges in implementing most types of V2V, and the reason is due to the lack of devices and equipment needed for real implementation. To prove the possibility of applying this type in real life, we made a prototype contains a modified toy car, a 12-volt power supply, sensors, visual, audible alarm, a visual “LED” devices, and finally a 12-volt DC relay unit. As a conclusion, the proposed implementation in spite of minimal requirements and use simple equipment, we have achieved the most important main objectives of the paper: preventing vehicles from collision, early warning, and avoiding congestion on the roads.

دراسة نسيجية مرضية في خط خلايا سرطانة الغدة اللبنية الفأرية (AM3) المعالجة بالكولسينات المستخلصة من بكتيريا Escherichia coli( الجزء الثاني)

تم التحري في هذه الدراسة عن التأثير العلاجي لأربعة أنواع من الكولسينات(H19, H13, H9, H5) المستخلصة من بكتيريا E. coli في سرطانة الغدة اللبنية الفأرية AM3 المغروسة في أناث الفئران الطبيعية من خلال دراسة التأثيرت النسيجة المرضية. أظهر الفحص النسجي للأورام المعالجة وجود مناطق نخر كبيرة مع قلة عدد الخلايا السرطانية فضلاً عن ارتشاح هائل للخلايا الالتهابية مع وجود طبقة سميكة من النسيج الليفي، وعن أفضل المستخلصات المستخدمة كان كولسين H5 فقد وصل الحيوان تقريباً إلى حالة الشفاء، وذلك عند المعاملة بجرعة مقدارها 200 ملغرام/كغم/24 يوم. فضلا"عن ذلك وجد أن الكولسينات الأربعة المستخدمة تمتلك تأثيرا" مثبطاً لنمو خلايا سرطان الغدة اللبنية الفأري AM3 عند استعمال الحقن داخل الورم وبجرعة مقدارها 200 ملغم/كغم، فقد بلغت نسبة تثبيط نمو الورم (98.79، 90.45، 90.08، 88.26)% للكولسينات H5, H9, H13, H19 على الترتيب. أما الحقن داخل التجويف البريتوني، فإنه سبب أيضاً تأثيراً سمياً في تلك الخلايا لكن بنسب تثبيط نمو أقل مما أعطاه الحقن المباشر داخل الورم فبلغت (57.47، 36.25، 60.26، 53.25)% على الترتيب للكولسينات نفسها عند المعاملة بجرعة مقدارها 200 ملغم/كغم/24 يوماً.

The Educational Aspects of Electronic Components and Their Related Circuits

In the modern age, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without electronic items and devices. We take it for granted at the forefront of practical technology, improving daily-based used devices and systems from individual electronic components to the smallest circuit boards for new smartphone systems, with innovation to meet society's communication, technology and energy needs. Therefore, thousands of students, each year, are required to gain in-depth knowledge and experience of basic and high skills of electronic equipment and devices. But the fear and apprehension of the use of electronic pieces, particularly during the online teaching with the difficulties of accessing the laboratories due to the COVID-19 situation, maybe one of the problems of students as they feel that the use of these pieces is difficult and needs external expertise to do them. Nevertheless, nowadays teaching electronics and providing informative sources to a wide spectrum of students from high school, college, and university levels at different departments became an important need for capacity building and training programs. In this article, an informative review of the electronics components and devices supported with simulation results using the Proteus design suite is provided that is useful for both high-level secondary school and the wide level of undergraduate and postgraduate university students. The research paper has referred, as much as possible, to the hierarchy and the cognitive sequence of using these electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diode, transistors etc. It is also referred to some electronic circuits and devices such as electronic generator, switching, amplifier that are designed and implemented using the Proteus software which taking into account the learning outcomes and most important physical parameters that can be obtained from each electronic circuit. Then a microprocessors circuits and Arduino have been provided as a compact electronic board for wide range of electronic applications.

Electrical Properties of GaAs Implanted with High Energy (100meV) 28Si and 120Sn Ions

Single crystal n-GaAs substrates have been implanted at 300 K with 100 MeV 28Si and 120Sn ions to a dose of 1x1018ions/m2 independently. The electrical properties of these samples has been investigated and compared after implantation and annealing up to 850 °C by current voltage (I-V) measurements. It has been observed that the I-V curves for the samples implanted with 28Si ions show p-n junction like characteristics which then show a linear I-V characteristics for the annealing treatment between 150-550 °C. Annealing the samples at 650 °C results in a typical diode like I-V characteristics which become less non-linear after further annealing at 750 °C. Further annealing at 850 °C results in to a back ward diode like behavior. However the I-V curves for the samples implanted with 120Sn ions and annealed up to 450C were linear which then show a weak non linearity for the annealing treatments between 550C-750C. After 850C annealing the samples show a strong nonlinearity typical of a p-n junction. The temperature dependence of resistance of both 28Si and 120Sn implanted GaAs samples after implantation and different annealing steps are investigated and the possible conduction mechanisms are discussed.

The Radiological Background Inside and Outside the Libyan Iron and Steel Company in Misurata City, Northwest of Libya

Radioactive background is very important with regard to the exposure of the population to radiation, many countries of the world measure the rate of exposure caused by natural radiation for different purposes, where radioactive pollution represents an important problem as a result of the spread and the frequent use of radioactive materials in different applications, such as medicine, agriculture, industry, and others, and some industrial facilities in the city of Misurata like Libyan Iron Company use some techniques that depend on radioactive sources. In this study, over a whole year with its four seasons, the levels of radiation background were evaluated in the area surrounding the Libyan Iron and Steel Company in the Qasr Ahmed region in Misurata city and within the company’s. It is measured for primary and secondary directions for a distance of 8 km. The radiation levels outside and inside the company’s perimeter were within the natural limits of the radiation background in the area, radiation levels do not different between the monitoring points that were measured within the company’s borders from those that were measured in the area surrounding the company. The radiation levels are not affected by the measurement season, and therefore that the obsession of radioactive contamination that some people have is unfounded and that the situation from this aspect is reassuring.

The Quality of E-learning on The Website

The goal of the current study is to learn more about different online apps that can be used in E-learning. The study also aims at shedding light on more important methods using applications on the web in the quality of E-learning. Applications are taken from the website: Classroom, Edmodo, Moodle, Zoom, Free Conference call, Meet, WebEx Meet, Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, and YouTube. These applications are used in E-learning. The study focuses on various types of university education, and it is made public through social media. The study uses Google Forms approach that consists of a set of questions that are answered entirely and at random. The study was conducted on 288 samples during the 18 hours ending on 29/ 05/2020 at 13:50:30. The results were a questionnaire of seeing which website applications are mostly used in the quality of E-learning. Google, statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and Excel data analysis system is scrutinized by using the questionnaire results. Now E-learning uses more interactively in universities than any other time during the different web applications for creating conferences, seminars, classes for students.

Epidemiological characteristics of patients Hypertension attended 48Hospithal in 2019

Introduction: Hypertensive is one of the most health problems in the world. People who have hypertension become high risk for other diseases . This study was conducted to identify distribution of hypertensive among patients attended 48 Hospital during 2019. Method : A cross-sectional study was conducted and collected the data of all patients diagnosed with hypertension during the year 2019 as registered by 48 medical compound. The study area has electronic information system which is data collected and filled by physician or specialist in different medical departments and outpatient clinics. The data in excel sheet contain information's about the disease including: name, age, sex and marital status, complications and laboratory tests lipid profile for each patient. Results and conclusion: Hospital registration system indicated the admission of total number of patients with hypertensive was 2225 during that year. Chi square and fisher test analysis showed that the most patients with hypertensive were with age group above 60 year (50%) , married (97.8%) , residence in Sana'a 88.4% . Females under age 60 years (62%), males above age 60 years (56.9%) and hypertension was significant with age with p-value 0.001. Hypertensive heart diseases patients without heart failure (82.7%) most them : (83%) above age 40 years , females (84.7%) and married (82.7%).The most complication of hypertension were heart disease (82%), renal disease (5.9%) , heart failure (5.1%) and stroke (3.2%). In future the researchers need study more about hypertensive risk factors such as life style changes .

Radon Monitoring by Alpha Track Detection Using Cn–85 Plastic Track

Radon sources can be found in external and internal radiation. Lead pencil (LP) is often used for drawing, sketching, etc. regardless of age nowadays. Paracetamol (PC) is commonly used around the world especially to treat fever, headache, menstrual pain, and common pain. Hence, the aim is to study the procedures for determining the radon gas comes out from different types of lead pencil and paracetamol. Eight and five samples were collected from different companies of lead pencil and paracetamol, respectively. The samples were measured using the sealed technique in cylindrical plastic containers with CN–85 detectors. After irradiation, the detectors were chemically etched using 2 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at a temperature of 70 ºC for 62 min. The alpha track density on the surface of detectors was measured using an optical microscope at a magnification of 100×. Tracks on detectors were counted using Image software. Radon concentration values including all samples in this study are within the limits of international which is 1000 Bq/m3. The concentration of radium in LP and PC samples are lower than those reported in previous study. The result of the uranium concentration of both samples is quite low compared with the allowed limit which is 11.7 ppm. Annual effective dose levels are all below the dose limit which is 10 mSv/y. Lastly, there was a linear relationship between radium activity and radon exhalation rate. Therefore, using LP and eating PC cause no danger to humans. All results showed in this study are within internationally permissible limits, and therefore not a threat to human health.

The Effect of Temperature and Solar Intensity on Performance of Commercial Silicon Solar Cell as Case Study En Nahud Town

The objective of this research is to study the variation of temperature and solar intensity on the performance of commercial silicon solar cells. This experiment was done at West Kordofan University, Department of Physics. A silicon solar cell was positioned at 450 in the direction of the sun. Then the current-voltage relationship (I-V) was recorded every hour during the day. The results in terms of I-V characteristics demonstrated that the short-circuit current increased linearly with the increase in temperature in the range of (26-33) 0 C, while the open-circuit voltage decreased logarithmically. On the other hand, the fill factor was found to be in the range of 72-78, and the corresponding efficiency was in the range of (6-11%). This result showed that En- Nahud town has a high solar intensity of approximately 1000 W/m2. Therefore, it is found to be a perfect chosen area for providing solar cell investigations and projects in different renewable energy applications.

Preparation and Characterization ZnO Nanorods for Photocatalyst Application

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods are prepared onto glass substrates via chemical bath deposition method. ZnO nanoparticles is prepared onto glass substrate to act as a seed layer for grown ZnO NRs. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) image confirmed that the grown rods have hexagonal shape covered the surface of substrate. Further, the prepared ZnO NRs appeared good crystallinity according to X-ray diffraction method. The absorption edge for seeds nanoparticles layer appeared at wavelength of 362nm (3.42 eV) while it was at around 479nm (3.27 eV) nm for the grown ZnO NRs. The grown ZnO NRs showed two emission peaks at 381nm and 540nm corresponding to near band-to-band electron-hole recombination and oxygen vacancies, respectively. Degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) dye was 0.01% after 1h of illumination by UV light and increased to 71.4% after 4h of illumination.