increase crop yield
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Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Alexandros Spanos ◽  
Kyriakos Athanasiou ◽  
Andreas Ioannou ◽  
Vasileios Fotopoulos ◽  
Theodora Krasia-Christoforou

The development of functional nanomaterials exhibiting cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility and biodegradability in the form of nanoadditives, nanofertilizers, nanosensors, nanopesticides and herbicides, etc., has attracted considerable attention in the field of agriculture. Such nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to increase crop production, enable the efficient and targeted delivery of agrochemicals and nutrients, enhance plant resistance to various stress factors and act as nanosensors for the detection of various pollutants, plant diseases and insufficient plant nutrition. Among others, functional magnetic nanomaterials based on iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt and nickel ferrite nanoparticles, etc., are currently being investigated in agricultural applications due to their unique and tunable magnetic properties, the existing versatility with regard to their (bio)functionalization, and in some cases, their inherent ability to increase crop yield. This review article provides an up-to-date appraisal of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials being explored in the agricultural sector.


Author(s):  
Devi Dayal ◽  
N.S. Patel ◽  
J.R. Khoja

Background: India is a second largest producer of vegetables after China. Fruits and vegetables are essential parts of our diets and vegetables recommended highest by ICMR. Therefore, the vegetables require extra emphasis to improve production and productivity of it to feed the second largest population in the world. Methods: Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Ltd. (IFFCO) has introduced its nanotechnology-based products i.e., Nano-N, Nano-Zn and Nano-Cu for initial testing on 11 important vegetable crops grown during winter season in Gujarat with 5 treatment combinations. Result: We tested 5 treatment combinations among which treatment T5 i.e., 50% farmer fertilizer practices plus 1 spray of Nano-N, 1 spray of Nano-Zn and 1 spray of Nano-Cu give 5.34% higher return then all there treatments in all crops. Which conclude that application of nano-fertilizers through foliar spray significantly increase crop yield over control or without application of nano-fertilzer due to its higher Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE). So it was recommended to use farmers fertilizers practices (FFP) 50% N, 1 spray of Nano-N, 1 spray of Nano-Zn and 1 spray of Nano-Cu to get more economic yield.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10362
Author(s):  
Hanuman Singh Jatav ◽  
Vishnu D. Rajput ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Sukirtee Chejara ◽  
...  

Biochar is considered as a potential substitute for soil organic matter (SOM). Considering the importance of biochar, the present review is based on the different benefits and potential risks of the application of biochar to the soil. Biochar addition to low organic carbon soils can act as a feasible solution to keep soil biologically active for the cycling of different nutrients. The application of biochar could improve soil fertility, increase crop yield, enhance plant growth and microbial abundance, and immobilize different contaminants in the soil. It could also be helpful in carbon sequestration and the return of carbon stock back to the soil in partially combusted form. Due to the large surface area of biochar, which generally depends upon the types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, it helps to reduce the leaching of fertilizers from the soil and supplies additional nutrients to growing crops. However, biochar may have some adverse effects due to emissions during the pyrolysis process, but it exerts a positive priming effect (a phenomenon in which subjection to one stimulus positively influences subsequent stimulus) on SOM decomposition, depletion of nutrients (macro- and micro-) via strong adsorption, and impact on soil physicochemical properties. In view of the above importance and limitations, all possible issues related to biochar application should be considered. The review presents extensive detailed information on the sustainable approach for the environmental use of biochar and its limitations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Inubushi ◽  
Miwa Yashima

Soil is one of the important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is generally producing through soil microbial processes, such as nitrification and denitrification. Agricultural soils receive chemical and organic fertilizers to maintain or increase crop yield and soil fertility, but several factors are influencing N2O emissions, such as types and conditions of soil and fertilizer, and rate, form, and timing of application. Mitigation of N2O is a challenging topic for future earth by using inhibitors, controlled-release fertilizers, and other amendments, but the cost and side effects should be considered for feasibility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Gbenga Oluwayomi Agbowuro ◽  
Morolake Elizabeth Ayeyo ◽  
Tejiri Sophia Emecho

Increasing human population, war, climate change, herdsmen-farmers clashes, banditry, terrorism, political unrest affected crop production negatively. These factors widen the gap between food production supply and its demand. In an attempt to fill this gap, agrochemicals were used to increase crop yield to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population. Agrochemical’s introduction was accepted initially due to their quick and nonspecific actions. Decades later, these agrochemicals begin to pose threats to human and livestock health, causing land degradation, ecosystem imbalance, reduction in soil fertility and productivity. To avert the negative effects of agrochemicals on food and feed products, soil, water quality, and the environment. The use of a safe and eco-friendly alternative was developed. Microbial inoculants serve to be the best substitute for agrochemicals with substantial benefits in sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability. This review aims at updating available information on the benefits of using microbial inoculants in boosting crop production and the strategies to adopt for its effectiveness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e5117
Author(s):  
Deyvison De Asevedo Soares ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Maria Elisa Vicentini ◽  
Leandro Alves Freitas ◽  
Viviane Cristina Modesto ◽  
...  

Nitrogen fertilization in crop sorghum during the off-season may have a lower cost-benefit ratio than expected, due to the residual effect of the predecessor crop. However, the use of growth-promoting bacteria can be an economical alternative to increase crop yield in the Cerrado. The objective was to evaluate the response of grain sorghum to nitrogen fertilization and its inoculation by A. brasilense. A complete randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with five replications of the following treatments: recommended amount of N (120 kg ha-1 of N-urea), divided into 0 %-100 %, 25 % -75 %, 50 %-50 % and 100 %-0 %, in sowing and coverage, respectively, and the control (without N); with and without inoculation via sorghum seed. The morphological and productivity components of the crop were evaluated. The application of 100 % of N in the sowing provided larger plants and the 50 %-50 % installment provided smaller plants. The plants did not respond to inoculation by A. brasilense. The yield components of sorghum grown in succession to soybean, rainfed, do not change due to A. brasilense inoculation and supply or installment of nitrogen fertilization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 146269
Author(s):  
Md Arifur Rahaman ◽  
Qingwen Zhang ◽  
Yulong Shi ◽  
Xiaoying Zhan ◽  
Guichun Li

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Yu Zou ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Luquan Ren

Returning corn cobs to the field during corn kernel harvesting is an effective way to improve soil properties and increase crop yield. However, seasonally frozen soil seriously hinders the field decomposition process of corn cobs. To explore the decomposition characteristics and promote field decomposition, in this study, the nylon mesh bag method was used to perform field decomposition tests for 150 days. Fiber composition analysis and microstructure observation were carried out. The results showed that the field decomposition of corn cob was influenced by temperature, precipitation, and frozen soil environment. The 150-day cumulative decomposition rates of the pith, woody ring, and glume were 40.0%, 24.2%, and 36.3%, respectively. Caused by the difference in fiber compositions, the decomposition speeds of pith and glume were much higher than that of the woody ring. The complex microstructures of the pith, woody ring, and glume led to differences in the accessibility of cellulose, which indirectly influenced the field decomposition characteristics. The homogeneous sponge-like structure of the pith and glume increased the accessibility of cellulose and ultimately accelerated the field decomposition, while the compact lignocellulosic structure of the woody ring hindered the decomposition process. Compared with corn stalk, corn cob had similar or even better field decomposition characteristics and excellent application prospects.


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