scholarly journals Paper Productivity of Ground-based Large Optical Telescopes from 2000 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Publication Data ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Optical Telescopes ◽  
Infrared Telescopes

AbstractWe present an analysis of the scientific (refereed) paper productivity of the current largest (diameter > 8m) ground-based optical (and infrared) telescopes during the ten-year period from 2000 to 2009. The telescopes for which we have gathered and analysed the scientific publication data are the two 10-m Keck telescopes, the four 8.2-m Very Large Telescopes (VLT), the two 8.1-m Gemini telescopes, the 8.2-m Subaru telescope, and the 9.2-m Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET). We have analysed the numbers of papers published in various astronomical journals produced by using these telescopes. While the total numbers of papers from these observatories are largest for the VLT, followed by Keck, Gemini, Subaru, and HET, the number of papers produced by each component of the telescopes is largest for Keck, followed by VLT, Subaru, Gemini, and HET. In 2009, each telescope of the Keck, VLT, Gemini, Subaru, and HET observatories produced 135, 109, 93, 107, and 5 refereed papers, respectively. We have shown that each telescope of the Keck, VLT, Gemini, and Subaru observatories is producing 2.1 ± 0.9 Nature and Science papers annually and these papers make up 1.7 ± 0.8% of all refereed papers produced by using each of those telescopes. Extending this relation, we propose that this ratio of the number of Nature and Science papers to the total number of refereed papers that will be produced by future extremely large telescopes (ELTs) will remain similar. From a comparison of the publication trends of the above telescopes, we suggest that (i) having more than one telescope of the same kind at the same location and (ii) increasing the number of instruments available at the telescope are good ways to maximize the paper productivity.

scholarly journals Coordinated programs for comet Halley

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Michael F. A'Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Optical Telescopes ◽  
Infrared Telescopes

Because comets are so difficult to observe, it is essential to coordinate observations from a variety of telescopes in order to fully understand their behavior. The apparition of Comet Halley represents a unique opportunity for coordinated programs because this is the only predictable comet which is routinely bright enough for the many observational programs desired. The International Halley Watch is playing an advocacy and coordinating role in the observations of Halley. Coordinated photographic observations will provide a record of the development of jets in the coma and of the motion of features in the tail. Coordinated photometry will provide both the heliocentric variation in vaporization and also the details of the outbursts thought to occur in most comets. Coordination with larger optical telescopes and with radio and infrared telescopes will allow a more complete understanding of the physical and chemical processes occurring in comets. Examples, of course, must still be drawn from observations of previous comets but they illustrate the results expected from Halley.

Measuring cosmic magnetic fields with very large telescopes

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S259) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kochukhov ◽  
Nicolai Piskunov
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
General Properties ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Optical Telescopes

AbstractWe review general properties and capabilities of the instrumentation employed to diagnose cosmic magnetic fields using medium-size and large optical telescopes. During the last decade these spectropolarimeters and high-resolution spectrographs have been successfully used to detect and characterize magnetic fields in stars across the H-R diagram. A new generation of high-resolution spectropolarimeters will benefit from the large collecting area of the future E-ELT and currently operating 8-m class telescopes. We review plans to develop spectropolarimeters for these very large telescopes and outline a number of science cases where new spectropolarimetric instrumentation is expected to play a key role.

scholarly journals Astronomy from Antarctica

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W.V. STOREY
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Antarctic Plateau ◽  
Earth Like Planets ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Optical Telescopes

Astronomers have always sought the very best locations for their telescopes. From observatories in city centres, astronomers moved first to nearby mountain tops, then to remote sites in distant countries, to aircraft, and into space. In the past decade we have come to realize that the best astronomical observing conditions on the surface of the earth are to be found on the Antarctic plateau. The combination of high altitude, low temperature, low absolute humidity, low wind and extremely stable atmosphere offers astronomers gains in sensitivity and measurement precision that can exceed two orders of magnitude over even the best temperate sites. In addition, spectral windows are opened up – particularly in the far-infrared and terahertz regions – that are otherwise only accessible from high-flying aircraft or from space. Established and highly successful telescopes at the South Pole are soon to be joined by a new generation of facilities at Concordia Station, including large telescopes and interferometers. It has even been suggested that the largest optical telescopes currently proposed, with diameters of up to 100 m, might achieve their science goals at a lower overall cost if they are built on the Antarctic plateau rather than at a temperate site. Such telescopes offer the possibility of not only detecting earth-like planets in other star systems, but also of analysing their atmospheres spectroscopically.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Knowledge Landscape of 3D Bioprinting in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2.3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisela Rodriguez-Salvador ◽  
Diego Villarreal-Garza ◽  
Mario Moisés Alvarez ◽  
Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Technology Intelligence

Bioprinting, the printing of living cells using polymeric matrixes (mainly hydrogels), has attracted great attention among science and technology circles. North America has been one of the sources of bioprinting-related technology in recent years. As a natural consequence of geography, high-quality research in the area of bioprinting has started to permeate Latin America. Here, we describe and analyze the knowledge landscape of bioprinting in Latin America using a competitive technology intelligence methodology. Our analysis provides relevant information, such as the scientific publication trends in Latin America and the scientific networks among research groups in Latin America and the world.

scholarly journals Optical pulsars and polarimetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S337) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Shearer ◽  
Eoin O’ Connor
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Crab Pulsar ◽  
Optical Detectors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Optical Telescopes ◽  
Polarisation Measurements

AbstractDespite the early optical detection of the Crab pulsar in 1969, optical pulsars have become the poor cousin of the neutron star family. Only five normal pulsars have been observed to pulse in the optical waveband. A further three magnetars/SGRs have been detected in the optical/near IR. Optical pulsars are intrinsically faint with a first order luminosity, predicted by Pacini, to be proportional to P−10, where P is the pulsar’s period. Consequently they require both large telescopes, generally over-subscribed, and long exposure times, generally difficult to get. However optical observations have the benefit that polarisation and spectral observations are possible compared to X-ray and gamma-ray observations where polarisation measurements are limited. Over the next decade the number of optical pulsars should increase as optical detectors approach 100% quantum efficiency and as we move into the era of extremely large telescopes where limiting fluxes will be 30 to 100 times fainter compared to existing optical telescopes.

Scientific Publication Trends and the Developing World

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Martínez-Bueno ◽  
Antonio Gálvez ◽  
Mercedes Maqueda ◽  
Eva Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Publication Trends

9. Instruments and Techniques

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
W. C. Livingston ◽  
C. M. Humphries ◽  
J. C. Bhattacharyya ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
J. L. Heudier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imperial College ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
List Type ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Optical Telescopes

Between the Patras and New Delhi General Assemblies no meetings were directly sponsored by Commission 9 because the discipline was amply covered by the following: - “Eighth Symposium on Photoelectronic Image Devices,” Imperial College (London) 5-7 September 1983 (B. L. Morgan, Ed., Academic Press, London, 1984).- “Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes II” Imperial College, 5-7 September 1983.- “Instrumentation in Astronomy V” 7-9 September 1983 (A. Boksenberg and D. Crawford, Eds., Proc. SPIE 415).- IAU Symposium No. 109: “Astrometric Techniques,” 9-12 January 1984, Gainsville (Florida).- “Astronomical Photography 1984,” Edinburgh, 4-6 April 1984 (E. Sim and K. Ishida, Eds., Number 14 of Occasional Reports of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh).- “IAU Colloquium No. 79: “Very Large Telescopes, Their Instrumentation and Programs,” Garching bei München, 9-12 April 1984 (M. H. Ulrich and K. Kjär, Eds.)

scholarly journals Man versus machine? Self-reports versus algorithmic measurement of publications

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257309
Author(s):  
Xuan Jiang ◽  
Wan-Ying Chang ◽  
Bruce A. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Publication Data ◽  
Doctorate Recipients ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Algorithmic Approaches

This paper uses newly available data from Web of Science on publications matched to researchers in Survey of Doctorate Recipients to compare the quality of scientific publication data collected by surveys versus algorithmic approaches. We illustrate the different types of measurement errors in self-reported and machine-generated data by estimating how publication measures from the two approaches are related to career outcomes (e.g., salaries and faculty rankings). We find that the potential biases in the self-reports are smaller relative to the algorithmic data. Moreover, the errors in the two approaches are quite intuitive: the measurement errors in algorithmic data are mainly due to the accuracy of matching, which primarily depends on the frequency of names and the data that was available to make matches, while the noise in self reports increases over the career as researchers’ publication records become more complex, harder to recall, and less immediately relevant for career progress. At a methodological level, we show how the approaches can be evaluated using accepted statistical methods without gold standard data. We also provide guidance on how to use the new linked data.

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