scholarly journals Uptake of Monosilicic Acid by Trifolium Incarnatum (L.)

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Handreck ◽  
LH P Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Trifolium Incarnatum ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Monosilicic Acid ◽  
Selective Process

Silica is present in soil and culture solutions as undissociated monosilicic acid (H4Si04) and this suggests that its uptake by plants would be a passive, non-selective process. We have earlier reported (Jones and Handreck 1965) that the overall uptake by oats (Avena sterilis cv. Algerian) can be accounted for simply in terms of the concentration of monosilicic acid in the soil solution and the amount of water transpired. Thus, when grown in two potted soils containing 7 and 67 p.p.m. Si02 in solution, oat plants at maturity contained 28 and 274 mg Si02 per plant respectively, having transpired 3�9 litres of water and produced 7�0 g of dry matter. The concentration of silica in xylem sap from oats is similar to that in the external solution. When Trifolium incarnatum (L.) (crimson clover) was grown in these two soils the plants had transpiration ratios of 510-530 but contained silica in concentrations which were only 5-10% of those in oats. This suggests that T. incarnatum has some means of excluding silica from the tops; we have examined this further by measuring the concentration of silica in the xylem sap.

Hydraulic Resistance of Plants. III. Effects of NaCl in Barley and Lupin

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Munns ◽  
JB Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
External Solution ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Osmotic Behaviour ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shoot Base

Barley (salt-tolerant) and white lupin (salt-sensitive) were grown in sand in pots designed to fit within a pressure chamber. The sand was irrigated with a nutrient solution to which increasing amounts of NaCl were added daily in increments of 10-25 mol m-3. For a range of transpiration rates (Q), the hydrostatic pressure of the leaf xylem sap of an intact plant was measured by applying sufficient air pressure (p) to the root system to raise the pressure of this sap to zero. The relation between p and Q was linear, i.e. of the form p = po + rQ. Po, the intercept on the p axis, reflects the difference in osmotic pressure across the root, and it is assumed that r, the slope of this relation, gives the hydraulic resistance of the plant. In NaCl-treated barley, r remained constant as the NaCl in the soil solution was increased to 200 mol m-3 over 10 days, and differed little from that of the controls. Po increased by about the same amount as the increase in osmotic pressure of the soil solution. This indicates near-perfect osmotic behaviour by the roots, and consistent with this, osmotic pressure of sap expressed from the cut shoot base generally changed little with increasing NaCl, for a given transpiration rate. In NaCl-treated lupin, by contrast, r increased continually from 25 to 150 mol m-3 NaCI, when it was four times that of the controls. Beyond 75 mol m-3, po increased less than increases in the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, which suggests that salts were then leaking into the root xylem. However, the osmotic pressure of the xylem sap flowing through the petiole did not start to increase until 3 days later when the external solution was over 120 mol m-3, suggesting that substantial amounts of NaCl were being removed from the xylem sap before it reached the petiole.

scholarly journals Boron nutrition and yield of alfalfa cultivar crioula in relation to boron supply

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anacleto Ranulfo dos Santos ◽  
Waldssimiler Teixeira de Mattos ◽  
Ana Aparecida da Silva Almeida ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro ◽  
Beatriz Dias Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
South Brazil

Alfalfa cultivar Crioula (Medicago sativa cv. Crioula) is grown in South Brazil and only a few studies on the plants' boron requirement are available. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with alfalfa to measure boron acquisition, production and distribution in the plant; data on critical level and production potentials were recorded. Plants were grown in ground quartz added with 1 L of solution, with the following boron rates: 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg L-1. Plants were harvested at 46 days of growth. Forage dry mass was increased by boron supply and dry matter accumulation was considerably low in control. Boron concentration in the leaves was higher than in the stems or roots. Boron utilization from the external solution reached 90% at 0.0625 mg L-1 and sharply decreased with further increasing boron rates. Boron concentration and content in the leaves and in plant tops were at maximum when applied boron was between 1.5 and 1.6 mg L-1. Critical levels of boron in plant were 61 mg kg-1 in the leaves and 39 mg kg-1 in plant tops for this cultivar of alfalfa.

scholarly journals Low-Carbohydrate Tolerant LAB Strains Identified from Rumen Fluid: Investigation of Probiotic Activity and Legume Silage Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Palaniselvam Kuppusamy ◽  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Ilavenil Soundharrajan ◽  
Hyung Soo Park ◽  
Jeong Sung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Trifolium Incarnatum ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with low carbohydrate tolerance from rumen fluid and to elucidate their probiotic properties and the quality of fermentation of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium incarnatum L. silage in vitro. We isolated 39 LAB strains and screened for growth in MRS broth and a low-carbohydrate supplemented medium; among them, two strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) RJ1 and Pediococcus pentosaceus S22, were able to grow faster in the low-carbohydrate medium. Both strains have promising probiotic characteristics including antagonistic activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and E. faecalis; the ability to survive in simulated gastric-intestinal fluid; tolerance to bile salts; and proteolytic activity. Furthermore, an in vitro silage fermentation study revealed that alfalfa and crimson clover silage inoculated with RJ1 and S22 showed significantly decreased pH and an increased LAB population at the end of fermentation. Also, the highest lactic acid production was noted (p < 0.05) in LAB-inoculated silage vs. non-inoculated legume silage at high moisture. Overall, the data suggest that RJ1 and S22 could be effective strains for fermentation of legume silage.

Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Selected Cool-Season Leguminous Cover Crops

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bugg ◽  
Felix L. Wäckers ◽  
Kathryn E Brunson ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
James D. Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trifolium Incarnatum ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Late Instar

Replicated field trials indicated that tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) attained relatively-high densities on hybrid vetches, Vicia sativa L. X V. cordata Wulf cv ‘Cahaba White’ and ‘Vantage’, lower densities on crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. cv ‘Dixie,’ and particularly-low densities on subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. cv ‘Mt. Barker’. Densities of TPB were also relatively low on an additional 10 types of subterranean clover, including 7 cultivars representing T. subterraneum, 1 cultivar of T. brachycalycinum Katznelson and Morley, and 3 of T. yanninicum Katznelson and Morley. Field longevity trials indicated that late-instar and adult TPB lived longer when caged on crimson clover than on hybrid vetch, which in turn supported better survival than did subterranean clover. When adult TPB were caged on hybrid vetch or subterranean clover with or without floral and fruiting structures, there was no evidence that the presence of these structures prolonged TPB survival on either crop. In laboratory choice tests with flowering and fruiting shoots of three cover crops, TPB preferred crimson clover over hybrid vetch, which in turn was more attractive than subterranean clover. When shoots were presented after reproductive structures had been excised, there was no statistically-significant preference by TPB.

The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: nutrient inflows of high-yielding crops

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Grain Yields

SUMMARYNutrient inflows, that is the amount of nutrient absorbed per unit root length per unit time, have been determined for several winter wheat crops (cv. Hustler) with grain yields in the range 8–11 t/ha (85% D.m.). Inflows reached a maximum in April or May with values in the range 13–34, 0·5–1·6, 3·5–13, 0·9–1·8 and 0·35–0·60 × 10–14 mol/cm root/sec for N, P, K, Ca and Mg respectively. The concentration in the soil solution necessary to maintain inflows by diffusion of nutrient through the soil was calculated using a nutrient uptake model. For an October-sown crop the model predicted that soil solution concentrations of 165 μΜ N, 14 μΜ P and 56 μΜ K were needed to sustain the observed maximum inflows, whereas for a September-sown crop, with a larger root system, even lower values of 106 μΜ N, 8 μΜ P and 36 μΜ K were needed. It appears that nutrient transport is unlikely to limit uptake by winter wheat crops growing in moist, well fertilized soils, at least for crops up to about 17 t/ha of total dry matter.

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