White cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla): a review of its roles in landscape and ecological processes in eastern Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Thompson ◽  
D. J. Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Selective Logging ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Vegetation Community ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Callitris Glaucophylla ◽  
Cypress Pine

Callitris glaucophylla (J.Thompson & L.Johnson, white cypress pine) woodlands are an important vegetation community over relatively large areas of continental eastern Australia. C. glaucophylla communities were originally reserved because of their value to the timber industry, but renewed attention is being placed on these woodlands because of their putative role in the conservation of native plants and animals. The pre-European distribution of C. glaucophylla was altered dramatically in the past century because of a combination of grazing by domestic livestock and feral animals, altered fire regimes and weed invasion. Today, the majority of C. glaucophylla woodlands are highly fragmented remnants, with many managed as formal forestry reserves. Selective logging during the past 30 years has led to a community that is dominated by single-aged stands, often at high densities, leading to the perception that C. glaucophylla communities are severely degraded and floristically depauperate. Increased interest in the structure and function of grassy woodlands in eastern Australia over the past decade has led to a re-evaluation of the importance of this vegetation community for habitat and for maintaining essential ecosystem processes. The timing of this review is appropriate because (1) much has been published on the ecological role of C. glaucophylla over the past decade in Australia, although mostly in unpublished reports, and (2) there is a need to resolve some of the conflicting issues relating to the value of C. glaucophylla woodlands for healthy soils and vegetation. Here, we review the ecological role of C. glaucophylla, with an emphasis on eastern Australia, drawing on a range of published and unpublished literature. We describe the characteristics and distribution of C. glaucophylla in eastern Australia, its role in soil and ecological processes, and the impacts of fire and grazing. Finally, we discuss the management of C. glaucophylla for a range of landuses.

Koalas continue to occupy their previous home-ranges after selective logging in Callitris - Eucalyptus forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Kavanagh ◽  
Matthew A. Stanton ◽  
Traecey E. Brassil
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Callitris Glaucophylla ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cypress Pine

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is a charismatic, high-profile species whose conservation needs are commonly perceived to be incompatible with logging. However, koala biology and the results of chronosequence studies elsewhere suggest that this species may tolerate a degree of habitat alteration caused by logging. In this study, 30 koalas, five in each of six areas available for logging within a mixed white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla)–Eucalyptus forest in north-western New South Wales, were radio-tracked for one year during 1997–1998 to determine their movements, home-range sizes and tree preferences. Five months after the study began, three of these areas were logged selectively for sawlogs and thinnings of the white cypress pine, a tree that is important to koalas for daytime shelter. This removed about one-quarter of the stand basal area, but the eucalypt component was unaffected. The remaining three areas were left undisturbed as controls. Radio-tracking continued in all six areas for another seven months. Koalas continued to occupy all or part of their previous home-ranges after selective logging, and home-range sizes remained similar between logged and unlogged areas. Home-ranges for both sexes overlapped and were ~12 ha for males and 9 ha for females. Koala survival and the proportions of breeding females were similar in logged and unlogged areas. The principal food trees of the koala were red gums, mainly Eucalyptus blakelyi and E. chloroclada, and the pilliga box (E. pilligaensis), none of which were logged in this study. These results suggest that selective logging for white cypress pine does not appear to adversely affect koala populations and that koalas may not be as sensitive to logging as previously thought. Further work is required to determine thresholds in the level of retention of koala food trees in logging operations.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of signed music in Deaf culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Marina Radić-Šestić ◽  
Mia Šešum ◽  
Ljubica Isaković
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Deaf Culture ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Deaf Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
Musical Perception ◽  
Musical Elements

Introduction. Music in the Deaf community is a socio-cultural phenomenon that depicts a specific identity and way of experiencing the world, which is just as diverse, rich and meaningful as that of members of any other culture. Objective. The aim of this paper was to point out the historical and socio-cultural frameworks, complexity, richness, specific elements, types and forms of musical expression of members of the Deaf community. Methods. The applied methods included comparative analysis, evaluation, and deduction and induction system. Results. Due to limitations or a lack of auditive component, the members of Deaf culture use different communication tools, such as speech, pantomime, facial expressions and sign language. Signed music, as a phenomenon, is the artistic form which does not have long history. However, since the nineties of the past century and with technological development, it has been gaining greater interest and acknowledgement within the Deaf community and among the hearing audience. Signed music uses specific visuo-spatial-kinaesthetic and auditive elements in expression, such as rhythm, dynamism, rhyme, expressiveness, iconicity, intensity of the musical perception and the combination of the role of the performer. Conclusion. Signed music as a phenomenon is an art form that incorporates sign poetic characteristics (lyrical contents), visual musical elements and dance.

Epilogue: A tale of two copulas

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE ZYZIK ◽  
SUSAN GASS
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Context Of Learning

The five papers in this issue cover a range of perspectives on the acquisition and use of the Spanish copulasserandestarin a variety of contexts, including language contact, bilingual language acquisition, and classroom second language learning. The fact that these papers cite work in this area as far back as the early part of the 20th century with each subsequent decade being represented suggests the continual importance and complexity of the distinction between the two copular forms and shows how this complexity is played out in acquisition and bilingual use. Over the past century different perspectives have been taken on this multifaceted issue with linguistic explanations and the role of the native language being primary. In this epilogue, we focus on some of these same issues, but expand our commentary to include the new dimensions represented in this collection of papers: (i) context of learning (input), (ii) prior knowledge as represented by other language(s) known, (iii) item-learning and lexical development, and (iv) innovations in methodology.

When Cultural Evolution Calls for Translation Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lopes Lourenço Hanes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The One

Given the massive changes that Brazil has undergone in the past century, particularly in distancing itself linguistically from its former colonizer, this study is an attempt to determine the role of translation in the country's cultural evolution. Translational approaches have developed along opposing poles: on the one hand, a strong resistance to incorporating orally-driven alterations in the written language, while on the other, a slow, halting movement toward convergence of the two, and both approaches are charged with political and ideological intentionality. Publishing houses, editors and translators are gatekeepers and agents whose activities provide a glimpse into the mechanism of national linguistic identity, either contributing to or resisting the myth of a homogenized Portuguese language.

The Role of Fire in Natural Communities: An Example from the Southern Sierra Nevada, California

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shrub Community ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Vegetational Succession ◽  
Dead Material

The exclusion of fire from the low-elevation foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada of California over the past century has resulted in large expanses of over-mature, senescent chaparral. The fuel buildup associated with this situation poses a threat, in that any fire which gets started has the potential of becoming a major holocaust.A detailed analysis is made of the vegetational succession following fire in four different-aged stands of Chamise chaparral in the southern Sierra Nevada. Progression from a diverse multi-species herb and shrub community towards a dense, structurally uniform, low-diversity stand dominated by a single woody species, Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamise), is demonstrated. An increase in shrub cover and height along with the amount of dead material found laddered through the canopy, create optimal conditions for combustion within some 35 years following the last fire. The herbaceous vegetation shows a high diversity and cover in the first few years after burning, but rapidly decreases thereafter. Evidence is presented that frequent fires are required to maintain the chaparral community in a vigorous and healthy state. The need to institute progressive fuel-management programmes which recognize the natural role of fire in the evolution of the chaparral type wherever it is found, is discussed and advocated. Attempts are also made to relate these findings to the preservation of other fire-adapted vegetation types of the world.

The role of climate, habitat, and species co-occurrence as drivers of change in small mammal distributions over the past century

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 696-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILY M. RUBIDGE ◽  
WILLIAM B. MONAHAN ◽  
JUAN L. PARRA ◽  
SUSAN E. CAMERON ◽  
JUSTIN S. BRASHARES
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
The Past

When Someday Is Today: Carrying Forward the History of Old Age and Inheritance into the Age of Medicaid

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Case
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Elder Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Old Age

This review essay of Hendrik Hartog's (2012) Someday All This Will Be Yours undertakes a brief overview of some of the massive changes in middle‐class planning for old age and inheritance in the United States over the course of the past century, focusing on the increased role of the state as a source of funding and regulation, the rise of the elder law bar, and the resulting new tools and motives for the transfer of property in exchange for care in the age of Medicaid.

Newman's Aesthetic Vision

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Robert C. Christie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
University Education ◽  
Past Century ◽  
John Henry Newman ◽  
The Past ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Unity Of Knowledge ◽  
The University

The evolution of scientism, relativism, and the resultant fragmentation of knowledge over the past century have led to a crisis in contemporary university education. John Henry Newman, a nineteenth-century philosopher of education, a major figure in educational theory and applied research, and author of the classic work on education, The Idea of a Univershy, faced similar problems in his time, and his work is valuable in addressing contemporary dilemmas. Newman's philosophy of mind and his vision of the unity of knowledge, which reflects an aesthetic dimension, and the resultant essential role of theology in education, are key elements for reimagining the university. An analysis of Newman's spirited Eighth Discourse anchors this retrospective and commends his work to higher education today by recalling an eariier ideal of the integration of all disciplines.

scholarly journals Active Forgetting: Adaptation of Memory by Prefrontal Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Anderson ◽  
Justin C. Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The Brain

Over the past century, psychologists have discussed whether forgetting might arise from active mechanisms that promote memory loss to achieve various functions, such as minimizing errors, facilitating learning, or regulating one's emotional state. The past decade has witnessed a great expansion in knowledge about the brain mechanisms underlying active forgetting in its varying forms. A core discovery concerns the role of the prefrontal cortex in exerting top-down control over mnemonic activity in the hippocampus and other brain structures, often via inhibitory control. New findings reveal that such processes not only induce forgetting of specific memories but also can suppress the operation of mnemonic processes more broadly, triggering windows of anterograde and retrograde amnesia in healthy people. Recent work extends active forgetting to nonhuman animals, presaging the development of a multilevel mechanistic account that spans the cognitive, systems, network, and even cellular levels. This work reveals how organisms adapt their memories to their cognitive and emotional goals and has implications for understanding vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.

Introduction: Some Recent Approaches to Japanese Nationalism

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Post War ◽  
To Receive

The study of nationalism, the most powerful political emotion in the modern world, has often become enmeshed in polemic and ideological combat. In Japan during the past century, evaluations of the historical role of nationalism have tended to oscillate between extremes. Some of its first serious students in the late nineteenth century, writers like Kuga Katsunan and Miyake Setsurei, opposing the prevalent Westernism, were convinced that nationalism was a necessary ingredient of Japanese survival; and they would have agreed with Tocqueville's aphorism that “the interests of the human race are better served by giving every man a particular fatherland than by trying to inflame his passions for the whole of humanity.” Since 1945, however, in a mood of national self-alienation, many Japanese writers have shared Veblen's turgid conclusion, “Born in iniquity and conceived in sin, the spirit of nationalism has never ceased to lead human institutions to the service of dissension and distress. In its material effects it is altogether the most sinister as well as the most imbecile of all the institutional incumbrances that have come down out of the old order.” Once seen as necessary and beneficial, nationalism came in the post-war period to be villified or simply ignored amidst the scholars' preoccupation with their anti-establishment liberal heroes. With some notable exceptions, nationalism has been slow to receive in Japan the thoughtful, dispassionate study it needs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document