Using hierarchies of cause to inform conservation of a naturally rare but critically endangered shrub Lasiopetalum pterocarpum (Malvaceae s.l.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Wilkins ◽  
P. G. Ladd ◽  
B. J. Vincent ◽  
A. D. Crawford ◽  
L. W. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
In The Wild

Understanding the causes of rarity and ways of managing populations of rare species is essential for their successful conservation. The present study applies the conceptual model of a hierarchy of causes to Lasiopetalum pterocarpum E.M.Benn. & K.Shep. (a critically endangered species) to understand better its reproductive and ecological attributes, possible reasons for its rarity and to determine whether this model assists in developing management strategies. L. pterocarpum subpopulations from Serpentine National Park were censused to record abundance, plant health, phenology, flower and fruit production and the presence of any seed bank. These characteristics were matched to criteria in the hierarchies of cause model. There was no evidence of recent seedling recruitment at any subpopulation. Hand-pollination produced a flower-to-fruit conversion proportion similar to that found in the field and self- and cross-pollinations produced virtually the same fruit set. Seed store in soil from beneath the native subpopulations and at a translocation site showed seed was patchily distributed and infrequent. L. pterocarpum is an obligate seeder, killed by fire and dependent on disturbance to break seed dormancy. However, smoke has no effect on germination. Seed production does not constrain population growth, because seedling regeneration after fire in 1999 was prolific at sites where plants had been growing. In the hierarchies of cause framework, the main causes of rarity for this species are taxon ecology, life-history strategy and stochasticity. Thus, concentrating active management on factors related to life history such as mosaic patch burning, fencing after fire to exclude vertebrate grazers, weed control and establishment of translocated populations will aid the preservation of this species in the wild.

scholarly journals Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and local perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 15547-15556
Author(s):  
Hongying Li ◽  
Shusheng Zhang ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Zupei Lei ◽  
Fangdong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Camera Surveillance

Illegal hunting and trading of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla has pushed this Critically Endangered species close to extinction.  While local reports have suggested its continued presence in mainland China, this has not been confirmed by a research group except for a survey of presumed pangolin burrows in 2004.  We conducted a six-month field study using infrared camera surveillance and community questionnaire survey in Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in China, to determine the status of Chinese Pangolins and understand local attitudes towards the conservation of this species.  Our study details the first verifiable documentation of two visual records of a Chinese Pangolin in the wild, demonstrating the suitability of pangolin habitat in Wuyanling region, and suggests an increasing awareness and strong willingness in local communities to conserve the Chinese Pangolin.  

scholarly journals Conservation status and management insights from tracking a cryptic and Critically Endangered species of Orchidaceae

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
T. Kraaij ◽  
J. A. Baard ◽  
B. J. Crain
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

AbstractNinety-five percent of orchid species associated with fynbos shrublands of South Africa's Cape Floristic Kingdom have been assessed for the IUCN Red List, yet aspects of their demography and population biology remain poorly understood. We conducted a 6-year demographic study of the Critically Endangered Disa procera, a cryptic, terrestrial species from South Africa with a global population of c. 50 individuals known from a single location. We aimed to provide management recommendations that would facilitate its persistence. Our findings indicate that the population of D. procera is larger than previously thought, and the species occurs at two distinct locations. These orchids exhibit high interannual variation in population size and turnover of individuals, potentially indicative of a species with a short life span, and still meet the criteria for Critically Endangered status. The species benefits from disturbances, such as brush cutting along trails, or fire, which open up clearances in the vegetation. However, physical damage to plants during their aboveground growing season (September–January) is particularly detrimental and should be avoided in habitat management for the species. Fire had beneficial effects at the population and individual levels and is recommended at 10–25-year intervals, outside the orchid's growing season. The species exhibited comparatively high rates of fruit set (68%), suggesting that pollination limitation does not currently constrain its performance. Its patchy distribution may, however, indicate constraints on dispersal or recruitment. We recommend that management strategies should include continued protection and monitoring of both populations, studies on pollination, habitat requirements and mycorrhizal associates, and a prescribed disturbance regime.

scholarly journals Bird Extinctions in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and How They Can Be Prevented

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. Develey ◽  
Benjamin T. Phalan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Bird species extinctions in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil have been predicted since the early 1990s, but it has become accepted wisdom that none have yet been documented. We revisit this question in light of updates to the global Red List, and conclude that between five and seven bird species have likely been driven to extinction in the wild in this biome in recent decades, plus a further two species that occurred elsewhere in Brazil. These extinctions were the result of habitat loss in combination with other threats. A further nine Atlantic Forest bird species are Critically Endangered, plus six from elsewhere in Brazil. We review growing efforts to help these species avoid extinction using a range of tools including multi-stakeholder planning, advocacy, habitat protection and restoration on public and private land, focussed research, and intensive population management, drawing on examples from the most threatened Atlantic Forest endemics. Conservation organisations, local communities, government agencies, zoos, international funders, universities and others are working together to prevent these species from disappearing. While the political environment in Brazil has rarely been more hostile to conservation, there are also some positive trends. Rates of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest have fallen, forest restoration and recovery is increasing, and an unprecedented number of ordinary people are taking an interest in birds and participating in citizen science. With dedication, collaboration, sufficient resources, and a focus on evidence-informed solutions, we are hopeful that many of the Critically Endangered species can be pulled back from the brink of extinction.

scholarly journals Rare mammal species in the zoological gardens of the Czech Republic and Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Jiří Volf
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
In The Wild

Eighty-two species or other forms of rare mammals were kept in 19 zoological gardens of the Czech Republic and Slovakia as of 1 January 2016. Two mammal species extinct in the wild (EW category of the IUCN) were bred in the zoos in 2015. Of the kept 29 critically endangered species (CR), 17 bred successfully in 2015, while of the kept 51 endangered species (EN), 25 did. Nine zoos bred more than one third of their kept species belonging to the three categories. The breeding of rare species of perissodactyls and artiodactyls was the most successful in the respective zoos.

Life history and demographic features of Astragalus nitidiflorus, a critically endangered species

Flora ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Segura ◽  
Mayra Aguado ◽  
José A. Franco ◽  
María J. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Demographic Features

scholarly journals Population Genomics and Structure of the Critically Endangered Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez ◽  
Michael Campana ◽  
Lainie Berry ◽  
Sarah Faegre ◽  
Scott Derrickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
A Genome

The Mariana Crow, or Åga (Corvus kubaryi), is a critically endangered species (IUCN -International Union for Conservation of Nature), endemic to the islands of Guam and Rota in the Mariana Archipelago. It is locally extinct on Guam, and numbers have declined dramatically on Rota to a historical low of less than 55 breeding pairs throughout the island in 2013. Because of its extirpation on Guam and population decline on Rota, it is of critical importance to assess the genetic variation among individuals to assist ongoing recovery efforts. We conducted a population genomics analysis comparing the Guam and Rota populations and studied the genetic structure of the Rota population. We used blood samples from five birds from Guam and 78 birds from Rota. We identified 145,552 candidate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) from a genome sequence of an individual from Rota and selected a subset of these to develop an oligonucleotide in-solution capture assay. The Guam and Rota populations were genetically differentiated from each other. Crow populations sampled broadly across their range on Rota showed significant genetic structuring – a surprising result given the small size of this island and the good flight capabilities of the species. Knowledge of its genetic structure will help improve management strategies to help with its recovery.

Jenis-Jenis Ikan Indonesia yang Kritis dan Terancam Punah

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Andri Iskandar ◽  
M Muslim ◽  
Andri Hendriana ◽  
W Wiyoto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Endangered Fish ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rule Out

ABSTRACTIndonesia has a high diversity of fish species. Some fish species are critical and endangered. Information on Indonesian native and endemic fish species needs to be disseminated to the public. Such information is available in various sources and is generally in a foreign language. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to inventory and distribute information about several species of fish native to Indonesian public waters that need special attention because they are endangered and critically endangered. Species of fish, especially species that have been critically endangered, do not rule out turning into extinct in the wild (extinct in the wild). The decline in the status of the above from vulnerable (vulnerable) to endangered (endangered) and critical (critically endangered) or even become extinct in the wild (extinct in the wild) caused by various factors, including the existence of fisheries activities that tend to exploit natural resources without offset by conservation activities and increasing pollution of water conditions. With this information, it is expected to anticipate the extinction of these species. The study was conducted using the literature study method. Based on the search results, there were 22 endangered fish species and 15 critically endangered fish species. The Indonesian government has designated 20 protected fish species. Domestication of endangered and critical species is urgent to do, to prevent the extinction of these species. ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki keanekaragaman spesies ikan yang tinggi. Beberapa spesies ikan sudah kritis dan terancam punah. Informasi jenis-jenis ikan asli dan endemik Indonesia perlu diserbarluaskan ke masyarakat. Informasi tersebut terdapat diberbagai sumber dan umumnya berbahasa asing. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisasi dan mendistribusikan informasi tentang beberapa spesies ikan asli penghuni perairan umum Indonesia yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena berstatus terancam punah (endangered) dan kritis (critically endangered). Spesies-spesies ikan tersebut terutama spesies yang sudah berstatus kritis terancam punah, tidak menutup kemungkinan berubah menjadi punah di alam liar (extinct in the wild). Terjadinya penurunan status diatas dari rentan (vulnerable) ke terancam punah (endangered) dan kritis (critically endangered) atau bahkan menjadi punah di alam liar (extinctin the wild) disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor, diantaranya adanya kegiatan perikanan yang cenderung mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam tanpa diimbangi dengan kegiatan konservasi serta meningkatnya pencemaran terhadap kondisi perairan. Dengan adanya informasi ini diharapkan dapat melakukan antisipasi pencegahan kepunahan spesies tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran, diperoleh 22 spesies ikan yang terancam punah (endangered) dan 15 spesies ikan yang sudah kritis (critically endangered). Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan 20 spesies ikan yang dilindungi. Domestikasi spesies-spesies yang terancam punah dan kritis sudah mendesak untuk dilakukan, untuk mencegah kepunahan spesies tersebut. 

scholarly journals Sawfish, Read in Tooth and Saw: rostral teeth as endogenous chemical records of movement and life-history in a critically endangered species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens C. Hegg ◽  
Breanna Graves ◽  
Chris M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe ecology of endangered and rare species can be difficult to study due to their low abundances and legal limits on scientist’s ability to catch, sample, and track them. This is particularly true of sawfish (family Pristidae) whose numbers have declined precipitously, placing all five species on the CITES list of critically endangered species worldwide. Best known for their distinctive, toothed rostrum the ecology, movement, and life-history of sawfish is poorly understood. Sawfish rostral teeth are modified placoid scales, which grow continuously throughout the life of the fish. This continuous growth, combined with their stable calcified makeup, makes sawfish teeth a potential source of temporal records of chemical and isotopic changes through the life of the fish. Rostral teeth can be removed non-lethally from living animals and are also often preserved in rostra housed in museums and as curios, potentially allowing both contemporaneous and historical sources of life-history data. Study of the potential for sawfish rostral teeth as endogenous chemical and structural records is extremely limited, however. Using archived samples of largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) we show that multiple chemical tracers can be recovered from sawfish teeth, and that these tracers can be used to understand movement across salinity gradients and between freshwater and the ocean. We further show that sawfish teeth contain repeated structures and indistinct banding which could potentially be used for aging or growth analysis of fish.

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