Morphological indicators and the time of transition to flower in Ptilotus nobilis (Amaranthaceae)

Floral initiation of Ptilotus nobilis (Lindl.) F.Muell. was investigated by both scanning electron and light microscopy to develop a template for the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Four developmental stages were identified, including two vegetative and two reproductive stages. Bract initiation was accompanied by a significant increase in meristem area and diameter, and was defined as the onset of flowering. At the transition, meristem diameters and areas increased 1.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. Most morphological traits, including leaf number, mean leaf area and total leaf area, increased gradually at the time of transition and were further investigated in a subsequent glasshouse trial. Floral initiation occurred very early and at 25 days after sowing all plants had entered the reproductive phase. At the onset of flowering leaf and node number increased significantly with 3.6 and 4.2, respectively. Branching and leaf area expansion were identified as post-initiation processes, and increased by 2.8 (total foliage area), 3.3 (total leaf area) and 1.8 (mean leaf area). During the vegetative phase a discolouration of the shoot apical meristem was noted and underlying reasons are discussed.

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Evaluation of vegetative growth traits and their relation to time to first flowering of olive seedlings

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar02131 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 371 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

T. S. Pritsa ◽

D. G. Voyiatzis ◽

C. J. Voyiatzi ◽

M. S. Sotiriou

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Vegetative Traits ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Shape Characteristics

The aim of this work was to assess growth traits during the initial developmental stages of olive seedlings, which could be correlated to time to first flowering, facilitating fast selection in olive breeding programs. The experimental material consisted of 232 olive seedlings derived from controlled crosses of 'Kalamon' with self (KA × KA), with 'Amphissis' (KA × AM), and with 'Koroneiki' (KA × KO) and from open pollination of 'Kalamon', 'Amphissis', 'Koroneiki', 'Chalkidikis', and 'Manzanillo'. Vegetative traits of the seedlings, including canopy height and diameter, length of lateral vegetation, number of leaves, mean and total leaf area per plant, leaf shape characteristics, and specific leaf area (SLA), were recorded until 15 months after sowing. The first seedlings to initiate flowers, 4 years after sowing, were also recorded. The existence of correlations between the above growth traits and time to first flowering was investigated. In single-branched seedlings 6 months after sowing, height measured at this stage was significantly correlated with the mean and total leaf area per plant, specific leaf area, and other vegetative traits measured 15 months after sowing. Seedlings with high values of these parameters were the first to initiate flowers 33 months later. Our results indicated that pre-selection of olive seedlings for earliness of first flowering is possible, based on vegetative characteristics assessed very early in their development.

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Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Sabine Stuerz ◽

Folkard Asch

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Night Temperature ◽

Relative Air Humidity ◽

Leaf Area Expansion ◽

Plant Level ◽

Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

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Lesser-known ethnic leafy vegetables Talinum paniculatum grown at tropical ecosystem: Morphological traits and non-destructive estimation of total leaf area per branch

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d221042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Benyamin Lakitan ◽

Kartika Kartika ◽

Laily Ilman Widuri ◽

Erna Siaga ◽

Lya Nailatul Fadilah

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Tropical Ecosystem ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract. Lakitan B, Kartika K, Widuri LI, Siaga E, Fadilah LN. 2021. Lesser-known ethnic leafy vegetables Talinum paniculatum grown at tropical ecosystem: Morphological traits and non-destructive estimation of total leaf area per branch. Biodiversitas 22: 4487-4495. Talinum paniculatum known as Java ginseng is an ethnic vegetable in Indonesia that has also been utilized as a medical plant. Young leaves are the primary economic part of T. paniculatum, which can be eaten fresh or cooked. This study was focused on characterizing morphological traits of T. panicultaum and developing a non-destructive yet accurate and reliable model for predicting total area per leaf cluster on each elongated branch per flush growth cycle. The non-destructive approach allows frequent and timely measurements. In addition, the developed model can be used as guidance for deciding the time to harvest for optimum yield. Results indicated that T. paniculatum flourished rapidly under wet tropical conditions, especially if they were propagated using stem cuttings. The plants produced more than 50 branches and more than 800 leaves, or on average produced more than 15 leaves per branch at the age of nine weeks after planting (WAP). The zero-intercept linear model using a combination of two traits of length x width (LW) as a predictor was accurate and reliable for predicting a single leaf area (R2 = 0.997). Meanwhile, the estimation of total area per leaf cluster was more accurate if three traits, i.e., number of leaves, the longest leaf, and the widest leaf in each cluster were used as predictors with the zero-intercept linear regression model (R2 = 0.984). However, the use of a single trait of length (L) and width (W) of the largest leaf within each cluster as a predictor in the power regression model exhibited moderately accurate prediction at the R2 = 0.883 and 0.724, respectively.

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Genetic variance of sunflower yield components - Heliantus annuus L.

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0301001h ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nada Hladni ◽

Dragan Skoric ◽

Marija Kraljevic-Balalic

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Mean Values ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Additive Gene ◽

Mode Of Inheritance

The main goals of sunflower breeding in Yugoslavia and abroad are increased seed yield and oil content per unit area and increased resistance to diseases, insects and stress conditions via an optimization of plant architecture. In order to determine the mode of inheritance, gene effects and correlations of total leaf number per plant, total leaf area and plant height, six genetically divergent inbred lines of sunflower were subjected to half diallel crosses. Significant differences in mean values of all the traits were found in the F1 and F2 generations. Additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of total leaf number per plant and plant height, while in the case of total leaf area per plant the nonadditive ones were more important looking at all the combinations in the F1 and F2 generations. The average degree of dominance (Hi/D)1/2 was lower than one for total leaf number per plant and plant height, so the mode of inheritance was partial dominance, while with total leaf area the value was higher than one, indicating super dominance as the mode of inheritance. Significant positive correlation was found: between total leaf area per plant and total leaf number per plant (0.285*) and plant height (0.278*). The results of the study are of importance for further sunflower breeding work.

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Acclimation of Photosynthetic Activity of Zantedeschia `Best Gold' in Response to Temperature and Photosynthetic Photon Flux

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.127.2.290 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 290-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Keith A. Funnell ◽

Errol W. Hewett ◽

Julie A. Plummer ◽

Ian J. Warrington

Keyword(s):

Quantum Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽

Leaf Area Expansion ◽

Response To Temperature ◽

Area Expansion

Photosynthetic activity of individual leaves of Zantedeschia Spreng. `Best Gold' aff. Z. pentlandii (Wats.) Wittm. [syn. Richardia pentlandii Wats.] (`Best Gold'), were quantified with leaf expansion and diurnally, under a range of temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) regimes. Predictive models incorporating PPF, day temperature, and percentage leaf area expansion accounted for 78% and 81% of variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) before, and postattainment of, 75% maximum leaf area, respectively. Minimal changes in Pn occurred during the photoperiod when environmental conditions were stable. Maximum Pn (10.9μmol·m-2·s-1 or 13.3 μmol·g-1·s-1) occurred for plants grown under high PPF (694 μmol·m-2·s-1) and day temperature (28 °C). Acclimation of Pn was less than complete, with any gain through a greater light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) at high PPF also resulting in a reduction in quantum yield. Similarly, any gain in acclimation through increased quantum yield under low PPF occurred concurrently with reduced Pmax. It was concluded that Zantedeschia `Best Gold' is a shade tolerant selection, adapted to optimize photosynthetic rate under the climate of its natural habitat, by not having obligate adaptation to sun or shade habitats.

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Concentration and periods of application of prohexadione calcium in the growth of strawberry seedlings

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1937 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1937 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Farias Barreto ◽

Leticia Vanni Ferreira ◽

Savana Irribarem Costa ◽

Andressa Vighi Schiavon ◽

Tais Barbosa Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Growth Control ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Petiole Length ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Control Growth ◽

Prohexadione Calcium

For strawberry cultivation in Brazil, producers are dependent on imported seedlings. An alternative strategy to reduce this dependence is the use of seedlings obtained from nursery plants grown in a protected environment. However, as these seedlings are produced in the summer and planted at the end of this season or the spring of the following year, it is necessary to control growth to reduce the energy costs of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and periods of application of proexadione calcium (ProCa) on growth control of strawberry seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with seedlings of the cultivars ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’, produced by rooting stolons and kept in polystyrene trays of 72 cells in a substrate of carbonized rice husk. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 concentrations of ProCa: 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1 × 2 periods of application: at 20 and 30 days after the planting period of rooting stolon). Plant survival, crown diameter, petiole length, total leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and dry mass of the crown and shoot were evaluated. The application of ProCa at 20 days after the planting period of the rooting stolon at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg L-1 favored the reduction of petiole length in plants of ‘Aromas’ strawberry and total leaf aerial in ‘Camarosa’ strawberry. The application of ProCa from the concentration of 100 mg L-1 reduced the vegetative growth of ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’ strawberry seedlings cultivated in substrate.

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A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Total Leaf Area of Barley Plants 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1965.0011183x000500060041x ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 602-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Albert E. Carleton ◽

Wilson H. Foote

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Comparison Of Methods ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Total Leaf

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Image-Based Dynamic Quantification of Aboveground Structure of Sugar Beet in Field

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12020269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shunfu Xiao ◽

Honghong Chai ◽

Ke Shao ◽

Mengyuan Shen ◽

Qing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Convex Hull ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Phenotyping ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Automatic Data ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Canopy Area

Sugar beet is one of the main crops for sugar production in the world. With the increasing demand for sugar, more desirable sugar beet genotypes need to be cultivated through plant breeding programs. Precise plant phenotyping in the field still remains challenge. In this study, structure from motion (SFM) approach was used to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) model for sugar beets from 20 genotypes at three growth stages in the field. An automatic data processing pipeline was developed to process point clouds of sugar beet including preprocessing, coordinates correction, filtering and segmentation of point cloud of individual plant. Phenotypic traits were also automatically extracted regarding plant height, maximum canopy area, convex hull volume, total leaf area and individual leaf length. Total leaf area and convex hull volume were adopted to explore the relationship with biomass. The results showed that high correlations between measured and estimated values with R2 > 0.8. Statistical analyses between biomass and extracted traits proved that both convex hull volume and total leaf area can predict biomass well. The proposed pipeline can estimate sugar beet traits precisely in the field and provide a basis for sugar beet breeding.

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