Isozyme Variability in Field Populations of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Old ◽  
MJ Dudzinski ◽  
JC Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Isozyme characteristics of 280 isolates from populations of Phytophthora cinnamomi in native veg- etation in six locations in south-eastern Australia were examined at 19 enzyme loci. No new enzyme genotypic arrays were identified as compared with earlier samplings. This work indicates that the low variability for P. cinnamomi in Australia obtained in earlier work, from separate isolates in a wide range of locations, is paralleled in detailed population samples in south-eastern Australia. At one location, A1 and A2 mating types coexisted in soil samples. The lack of recombinants in these population samples suggests an absence of sexual reproduction in the field.

Variation in Chondrilla juncea L. in south-eastern Australia

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Hill ◽  
RH Groves
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South Eastern Australia ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

Three variants or forms of Chondrilla juncea L. (skeleton weed) are distinguished in south-eastern Australia. The forms (designated A, B, and C) differ in inflorescence morphology and fruit characters, but mainly in the shape of rosette leaves, for which quantitative expressions of the differences have been developed. There were no significant differences within each form in rosette leaf shape when grown in a wide range of environments. First and second progenies of the three forms, presumably apomictic, retained the identity of their parents, as did leaves of rosettes arising vegetatively from the root system after removal of the parental rosette. The geographical limits of distribution of the forms are given, based on results from field observations and from plants grown in a glasshouse either from seed or clonal material. Plants of form A are widespread and occur in south-eastern Australia over a wide range of latitude, climate, and soil type. With one exception, the distribution of plants of forms B and C in 1969 was restricted to central New South Wales, where the forms are distributed sympatrically with plants of form A. Form B plants are confined at present to an area bounded approximately by Young, Orange, Peak Hill, and Marsden, though these boundaries are extending. Leaf emergence rates, times to stem elongation, and times to flowering are presented for the three forms. Differences between forms in these characters under some conditions are shown to exist, as well as differences between forms in their ability to regenerate vegetatively. Form C plants, at present more restricted geographically, seem to have a greater potential for regeneration from rootstocks than form A plants, already widespread throughout south-eastern Australia. The variation described in this paper is discussed in relation to control of other weed species, especially apomicts.

Are mangroves in Victoria (south-eastern Australia) already responding to climate change?

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul I. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The distribution and productivity of mangroves is directly affected by a wide range of climatic drivers, including temperature, frost, rainfall, evaporation and storm activity, which, in turn, influence a suite of secondary drivers, including changes in freshwater run-off and sediment supply, groundwater dynamics and inter-species competitiveness. The highest-latitude expression of mangroves globally is at Millers Landing, Victoria (38°45′S), and because the vigour and productivity of mangroves across much of Victoria is thought to be limited by low winter temperatures and the incidence and severity of frosts, it is likely that mangroves will be among the first plant communities to be affected by climate change in coastal south-eastern Australia. An increase in plant vigour is likely, but there are almost no historical data with which to compare current rates of primary production. An extension of mangroves to higher latitudes on the mainland is impossible because of the geomorphology of the land that lies further to the south. Small-scale changes in distribution, including the progressive encroachment of mangroves into coastal saltmarsh, are likely to be among the clearest indications of the response of mangroves to a warming climate. Increased effort into tracking changes in mangrove vigour, productivity and distribution is clearly warranted.

Occurrence of Angiostrongylus species (Nematoda) in populations of Rattus rattus and Rattus fuscipes in coastal forests of south-eastern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Stokes ◽  
David M. Spratt ◽  
Peter B. Banks ◽  
Roger P. Pech ◽  
Richard L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The distributions of the introduced nematode parasite, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and the native Angiostrongylus mackerrasae in Australia are poorly understood. We sampled rodents and/or their faeces, and intermediate gastropod hosts for the presence of Angiostrongylus species in coastal forests surrounding Jervis Bay in south-eastern Australia. We found A. cantonensis in populations of introduced Rattus rattus in forests to the north of Jervis Bay, and A. mackerrasae in native Rattus fuscipes in forests to the south of Jervis Bay. The apparent geographical separation of these lungworm species may be a consequence of host specificity and negative associations between R. rattus and R. fuscipes that results from interspecific competition. A. cantonensis was regularly found in R. rattus or their faeces across 9 of 12 study sites north of Jervis Bay, and three species of snail common to the area were suitable intermediate hosts. This has potential negative implications for native wildlife and human visitors to these forests, because A. cantonensis infection causes zoonotic disease (neuro-angiostrongyliasis) in humans and a wide range of bird and mammal hosts. Management of pest rodents in the study area is warranted.

scholarly journals Mangrove and Saltmarsh Distribution Mapping and Land Cover Change Assessment for South-Eastern Australia from 1991 to 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Alejandro Navarro ◽  
Mary Young ◽  
Peter I. Macreadie ◽  
Emily Nicholson ◽  
Daniel Ierodiaconou
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Coastal wetland ecosystems, such as saltmarsh and mangroves, provide a wide range of important ecological and socio-economic services. A good understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of these ecosystems is critical to maximising the benefits from restoration and conservation projects. We mapped mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystem transitions from 1991 to 2015 in south-eastern Australia, using remotely sensed Landsat data and a Random Forest classification. Our classification results were improved by the addition of two physical variables (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), and Distance to Water). We also provide evidence that the addition of post-classification, spatial and temporal, filters improve overall accuracy of coastal wetlands detection by up to 16%. Mangrove and saltmarsh maps produced in this study had an overall User Accuracy of 0.82–0.95 and 0.81–0.87 and an overall Producer Accuracy of 0.71–0.88 and 0.24–0.87 for mangrove and saltmarsh, respectively. We found that mangrove ecosystems in south-eastern Australia have lost an area of 1148 ha (7.6%), whilst saltmarsh experienced an overall increase in coverage of 4157 ha (20.3%) over this 24-year period. The maps developed in this study allow local managers to quantify persistence, gains, and losses of coastal wetlands in south-eastern Australia.

Isozyme variability among isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from Australia and Papua New Guinea

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2016-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Old ◽  
G. F. Moran ◽  
J. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
Low Levels

Genetic variation in 183 isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from a wide range of hosts and locations in Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) was assessed at 20 isozyme loci. Low levels of isozyme variation were found in both the A, and A2 mating types within Australia. Only two A2 multilocus genotypes were detected among Australian and PNG isolates, the more common one being found throughout the range. Fourteen of the 15 A1 isolates from 12 locations in Australia were identical at all 20 isozyme loci. In contrast there was much higher variability in the eight PNG A1 isolates compared with the Australian Ai isolates and all A2 isolates. The A1 and A2 mating types can be distinguished isozymically suggesting that they are genetically isolated and that sexual reproduction involving both mating types does not occur in the field.

Population ecology of the velvet gecko,Oedura lesueuriiin south eastern Australia: Implications for the persistence of an endangered snake

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN K. WEBB ◽  
DAVID A. PIKE ◽  
RICHARD SHINE
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia
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