Genotype differences and their impact on digestive tract function of ruminants: a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Tract Function

Physiological factors that cause between-animal variation in digestive function were evaluated as possible selection traits to achieve improved growth and feed-use efficiency by ruminants. Comparative studies of the digestive function of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle, as well as selection lines of dairy cows and sheep were reviewed to determine the scope and significance of diversity in rumen function. All investigations indicated differences in digesta retention time between genotypes. Therefore, the digesta retention time, either the total mean retention time (MRT) or the ruminal retention time (RRT), may be suitable selection traits for improving animal productivity.Differences in MRT and RRT may affect animal productivity by changing the number and diversity of rumen microorganisms, the volatile fatty acid (VFA) pattern, the composition and maintenance energy requirement of the microbes, and thus the energetic efficiency of microbial growth. Further effects associated with changed RRT include a possible reduction in methane production and increased long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) synthesis in the rumen, which may consequently affect the energetic efficiency of the ruminant. It is concluded that despite strong evidence of genetic diversity in gut function, the central role of MRT and RRT in digestive metabolism has not been fully appreciated, nor have their contribution to productivity differences among livestock of similar or divergent genotypes been adequately investigated.

scholarly journals Energetic efficiency of protein and body fat retention in crossbred Bos indicus and Bos Taurus × Bos indicus raised under tropical conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586
Author(s):  
Douglas Sampaio Henrique ◽  
César de Queiroz ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira ◽  
Mosar Faria Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Energy Fraction ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Partial Body

The efficiency of fat and protein retention by Bos indicus and its cross-breds was estimated from data obtained in the literature to verify possible differences between these animals and Bos taurus. After estimating the efficiencies, a correction factor was used to discount the metabolizable energy fraction that was spent in the maintenance and support metabolism processes. The efficiencies were then estimated again, assuming that all the remaining energy would correspond to the metabolizable energy available for body mass retention. The correction value used was considered satisfactory to discount energetic losses for maintenance and support. The efficiency values of partial body fat and protein retention in Bos indicus and its cross-bred were very similar to values reported by other authors who researched Bos taurus exclusively.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile in Crossbred (Bos taurus vs. Bos indicus) Young Bulls Finished in a Feedlot

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciana Ducatti ◽  
Ivanor Nunes do Prado ◽  
Polyana Pizzi Rotta ◽  
Rodolpho Martin do Prado ◽  
Daniel Perotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus

scholarly journals Can the Meat from Angus Crossbreds with Bos indicus Dams Compete with that from Bos taurus Dams in Organoleptic Properties and Fatty Acid Profile?

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Niraporn CHAIWANG ◽  
Thanaporn BUNMEE ◽  
Kittipong SAMOOTKWAM ◽  
Bulgul TIPNATE ◽  
Amphon WARITTHITHAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Holstein Friesian

It was experimentally determined whether crossbreeding with Bos indicus dams compared to Bos taurus dams may provide meat which is competitive in organoleptic properties and fatty acid (FA) profile and if tenderness, assumed to be lower, is really adversely affected. Eight Black Angus × White Lamphun (A×W) bulls were compared with 8 Black Angus × Holstein Friesian (A×H). M. longissimus thoracis, M. semimembranosus and M. infraspinatus were analyzed for organoleptic properties and objective explanatory properties related to tenderness, as well as FA profile.Tenderness was judged lower in the M. infraspinatus of A×W than A×H, but not in the other muscles. Shear force and collagen solubility tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in all 3 muscles of A×W compared to those of A×H. The fat content of the M. longissimus thoracis from A×W was lower than that from A×H. The lipids in the M. longissimus thoracis from A×W were richer in polyunsaturated FA and total n-3 FA, and poorer in C18:0 and saturated FA than those of A×H. Furthermore, the lipids of the M. semimembranosus from A×W had higher proportions of C14:1 and C16:1 than that of A×H. The FA in the M. infraspinatus from A×W had higher proportions of C18:3 n-3, mono-unsaturated FA and total n-3 FA and the proportion of saturated FA was lower than in A×H. The M. infraspinatus from A×W was lower in cholesterol content than that from A×H. There were some differences in tenderness (inferior in White Lamphun crossbreds) and FA profile (superior in White Lamphun crossbreds), but differences were numerically small and, thus, may be of low practical relevance. Therefore, crossbreeding with indigenous Bos indicus cattle does not seem to be restricted by low meat quality.

scholarly journals Heterosis for meat quality and fatty acid profiles in crosses among Bos indicus and Bos taurus finished on pasture or grain

Meat Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Gama ◽  
M.C. Bressan ◽  
E.C. Rodrigues ◽  
L.V. Rossato ◽  
O.C. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

scholarly journals PSVI-7 Effects of feeding chromium- and zinc- amino acid complexes on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls fed zilpaterol hydrochloride for the last 30 days in the feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Ruben Barajas ◽  
Billy J J Cervantes ◽  
Mark E Branine ◽  
Connie K Larson ◽  
Alejandro Ramos-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Eden Prairie

Abstract A 2 x 2 factorial study was conducted to evaluate main and interaction effects of feeding amino acid complexed sources of Zn (Zn-AAC; 40 mg /kg DM from Availa® Zn; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) and Cr (chromium methionine; Cr-Met; 0.20 mg / kg DM from Availa® Cr; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) fed in combination or separately, compared to an iso-Zn level Control (CON) group that provided Zn from ZnSO4 (80 mg Zn∙kg-1DM) with no supplemental source of Cr. Treatments were replicated into 4 pens with 5 finishing Bos taurus x Bos indicus bullocks/pen (80 bullocks; BW= 421 kg). Treatment diets were initiated 28 d prior to starting zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZIL; 15 mg/kg BW) with ZIL fed daily for 33 d followed by a 4 d withdrawal before harvest. During the ZIL-feeding Zn-ACC x Cr-Met interactions were present for ADG and Gain:Feed (G:F) where Zn-ACC improved ADG (P≤ 0.05) and Cr-Met improved G:F vs. CON. Effects may have been mediated by differences in DM intake (DMI), where DMI was numerically increased by Zn-ACC and decreased (P ≤ 0.01) by Cr-Met. Overall, feeding Cr-Met moderated DMI and improved G:F (P ≤ 0.05). Measures of carcass composition were not affected by Zn-ACC or Cr-Met. Hot carcass weight was increased (P ≤ 0.05) by feeding Zn-ACC and tended to increase with Cr-Met. Daily carcass gain increased from feeding either Zn-ACC or Cr-Met during the ZIL phase and overall study. Feeding Zn-ACC was a primary driver during the ZIL period and overall trial for increasing growth rate, with little or no influence on DM intake while feeding Cr-Met moderated DM intake to improve dietary and energetic efficiency. Balancing the feeding levels of Zn-ACC and Cr-Met will be key to optimizing the overall biological response and net return.

scholarly journals 42 Carcass quality of cattle raised in tropical/subtropical environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Stephen B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Adipocyte Cell

Abstract Cattle raised in tropical/subtropical environments typically are Bos indicus full blood or crossbred cattle. While they are ideally suited for reproductive performance in hot and humid climates, they frequently produce carcasses with lesser marbling scores than Bos taurus cattle. Early research from our laboratory compared subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adiposity and lipogenic capacity in Angus and Santa Gertrudis and Angus and Braford steers.; cattle with predominantly Bos indicus has lower marbling scores and smaller i.m. adipocytes. These and other studies suggested that genetic differences in adipose tissue metabolism between B. taurus and B. indicus breed types were expressed only when there were visible differences in marbling score and adjusted fat thickness (AFT). A subsequent study suggested that fatty acid Δ9 desaturase enzyme activity [stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)] was greater in adipose tissue from Bos indicus cattle than in Bos taurus cattle, thereby resulting in a greater proportion of oleic acid (18:1n-9). We recently reported a comprehensive study comparing three-fourths Brahman progeny to three-fourths Angus progeny, in which progeny were raised to a constant age and constant AFT. Subcutaneous adipocyte cell was similar between Brahman and Angus progeny (276 vs 288 pL) but i.m. adipocytes were smaller in Brahman progeny than in Angus progeny (170 vs 207 pL). This was consistent with the lower marbling scores of the Brahman progeny. There was no difference between the proportions of stearic acid (18:0) and oleic acid between Brahman and Angus progeny; nor was there a difference in s.c. or i.m. adipose tissue SCD activity. We conclude that time on feed and/or animal age has a greater impact on fatty acid than genetics (Brahman vs Angus). However, research has demonstrated consistently that i.m adipose tissue in Bos indicus cattle does not develop to the same extent as in Bos taurus cattle.

Genotype x environment interactions for fatty acid profiles in Bos indicus and Bos taurus finished on pasture or grain

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Bressan ◽  
L. V. Rossato ◽  
E. C. Rodrigues ◽  
S. P. Alves ◽  
R. J. B. Bessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interactions

Net energy requirement for maintenance of crossbred beef heifers (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) as measured with the washed-rumen technique and indirect calorimetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 104612
Author(s):  
Andrés Cadenas-Soberanis ◽  
Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo ◽  
Jeyder I. Arceo-Castillo ◽  
Cinthya P. López-Zapata ◽  
Carlos F. Aguilar-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Beef Heifers

scholarly journals Energy Requirements of Beef Cattle: Current Energy Systems and Factors Influencing Energy Requirements for Maintenance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia ◽  
Denise Lowe ◽  
Francis Lively
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

The present review compared features of the UK system for predicting energy requirements in beef cattle with a number of feeding systems developed from research institutes consortiums around the world. In addition, energy requirements for maintenance calculated from studies conducted at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) in Northern Ireland since the 1990s were compared with compiled data from recent peer-review papers published over the last decade (2009–2020). The mean metabolisable energy requirement for the maintenance (MEm) of growing cattle was 0.672 MJ/kg0.75 according to values obtained from calorimetry studies conducted at AFBI. This value is respectively 8.2 and 19.5% greater than the MEm values obtained by the Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC), and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) equations, but it is in close agreement with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) approach, when assuming a Bos taurus bull (300 kg LW) and an efficiency for converting energy for maintenance (km) of 0.65. Most of the literature data on energy requirements for the maintenance for this animal category were obtained from studies conducted with Bos indicus animals and their crossbreds in Brazilian conditions with this confirming lower requirements of these animals when compared to pure Bos taurus cattle. A simulation of the total ME requirements calculated for an Angus × Friesian steer (LW = 416 kg) offered good quality grass silage, indicated that both AFRC and NASEM systems overestimate (38.5 and 20.5%, respectively) the observed efficiency of converting ME for growth (kg). When the total ME requirements (maintenance + growth) were assessed, both systems underpredicted total ME requirement in 15.8 and 22.1 MJ/d. The mean MEm requirements for suckler cows obtained from the literature (0.596 MJ/kg0.75) is on average 19.1% greater than predictions given by both AFRC and INRA (lactation) equations when considering a 550 kg cow and a km value of 0.72. Although no differences in net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were detected between dry and lactating suckler cows, as expected the later displayed greater variation as a result of differences in milk production. On this regard, the INRA model recognise increased NEm requirements for lactating animals compared to dry cows. The re-evaluation of the concept of diet metabolisability and the analysis of existing data on compensatory growth responses are recommended for future updates of the British system (AFRC) having in to account the particularities of grass-based systems in the UK.

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