Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison with Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures under rotational grazing

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
P. S. Cornish ◽  
V. F. Shoemark
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range

A grazing experiment conducted in Wagga Wagga (New South Wales) from September 1993 to September 1998 compared the productivity of pastures containing 3 palatable types of summer-active Eragrostis curvula complex, with pastures containing either Medicago sativa or Phalaris aquatica. Issues relating to the management of E. curvula pastures were also investigated. Herbage growth rates of the P. aquatica and M. sativa pastures were highest in winter and spring; E. curvula pastures were most productive in summer and autumn. Stocking rates equivalent to 30–40 dry sheep were carried by the pastures during their growing seasons. Throughout the study, the pastures were dominated by their respective sown perennial species, however, a suite of desirable and undesirable annual grasses and annual legumes usually contributed >20% of total herbage mass in spring. The P. aquatica pasture contained a higher proportion of weedy species than the other pastures, especially C4 grasses and broadleafed species, and towards the end of the experiment it was also invaded by several native perennial grasses. Overall, the wool yield from the M. sativa pasture was 0.5–1.0 kg/animal.year higher than the other pastures. Management to minimise herbage accumulation on the E. curvula pastures was a key issue, and provided that pastures were grazed heavily, this was achieved by the rotational grazing strategy used in the experiment. It was concluded that palatable varieties of E. curvula have a useful and complementary role as perennial pastures in southern Australia. By increasing herbage availability in summer and autumn, E. curvula may improve management flexibility for a wide range of pastures that are commonly grown on farms.

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa L. cv. Nova under intensive rotational management

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
P. S. Cornish ◽  
T. B. Koen ◽  
V. F. Shoemark
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Average Plant

The productivity, carrying capacity and liveweight performance of wether sheep grazing pastures of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa cv. Nova, which were also sown with annual grasses and Trifolium subterraneum, were compared under an intensive 4-paddock rotational grazing regime in a ‘put-and-take’ grazing experiment at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales from November 1993 to August 1996. The productivity of the pastures was broadly similar, with production peaks of >1000 kg/ha in winter and >3000 kg/ha in spring and summer in paddocks that had been spelled for 6 weeks. Although annual species contributed a high proportion of the total herbage mass in spring, over the remainder of the year, both pastures were dominated by their respective perennials. E. curvula maintained an average plant density of approximately 20 plants/m2. The density of M. sativa declined noticeably during the 3 years, and at the end of the experiment M. sativa plants in 1 replicate of the experiment were killed by rising groundwater and dryland salinity. The long-term average stocking rate of E. curvula and M. sativa pastures were similar (12.1 v. 12.5 sheep/ha) and both pastures were capable of sustaining high stocking rates for lengthy periods in spring and summer. Sheep grazing M. sativa tended to be heavier than animals grazing E. curvula, and they produced, on average, 1.1 kg (or 21%) more wool. However, M. sativa was more difficult to establish and its costs for weed and insect control were higher. Therefore, although it was more productive, it might not have been the most economically viable of the 2 pastures. The implications of the findings were discussed within a whole-farm context and it was concluded that E. curvula has a complimentary role to M. sativa for sowing on landscapes and in situations to which M. sativa is poorly adapted.

Palatability to sheep of the Eragrostis curvula complex. 3. A comparison of naturalised and selected taxa

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Johnston
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Relative Palatability

The palatability of 20 accessions of E. curvula collected from naturalised populations in New South Wales was compared on 7 occasions with 2 selected accessions previously found to be highly palatable. The experiment was conducted at Wagga Wagga, N.S.W., between January 198 1 and July 1983. The relative palatability of most accessions was substantially similar from rating to rating, despite differences in the extent to which the trial was grazed. Palatability was related to the agronomic group to which the accessions belonged. For the naturalised taxa, Curvula was ranked equal to Tall Chloromelas. but both were more palatable than Short Chloromelas. The naturalised accessions were all less palatable than the selected accessions. It was concluded that the selected accessions were sufficiently palatable to be well utilised in pastures by stock grazing at commercial stocking rates.

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: impact of Eragrostis curvula, Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures on soil water

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
P. S. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil water under 5 rotationally grazed pastures [Eragrostis curvula cvv. 4650, 4660 and Consol; Medicago sativa cv. Aurora and Phalaris aquatica (a 50/50 mixture of cvv. Uneta and Sirolan)] at depths of 15, 30, 60 and 120 cm at Wagga Wagga in southern NSW, Australia from 18 December 1993 to 23 November 1998. At 120 cm depth, soil matric potential (ψ) varied from approximately –14 kPa in winter and spring, to less than –1500 kPa in autumn. During 2 droughts the soil remained drier than its water holding capacity limit, but when rainfall was average or above average, there was no evidence that deficits were maintained through winter. The nature of the rainfall (rainfall/day and numbers of consecutive wet days), which varies through the seasons, impacted markedly on ψ, with considerable short-term variation observed in response to isolated heavy rainfall events in summer and autumn. Medicago sativa cv. Aurora generated lower ψ than E. curvula in mid- to late-spring; whereas except for 4650, which was not persistent at the site, E. curvula reduced ψ in early to mid-summer, and to generally more negative extremes than by M. sativa. There was no indication that the roots of P. aquatica did not extend to the same depths as the other pastures, but it seemed unable to dry the soil to the same extent. Summer-active weeds, which were prominent in the P. aquatica pasture in years of above average rainfall, reduced the deficit difference between it and the other pastures. Gypsum block ψ was converted to volumetric soil water content (θv) using soil water retention curves and estimates of soil bulk density (ρb). Relative to P. aquatica, E. curvua Consol and M. sativa maintained a deficit of between 25 and 75 mm for most non-winter periods. There was no evidence that the deficit created by either pasture was consistently greater than the other. There was considerable dynamism within the datasets for all the pastures, which was ascribed to the frequent occurrence of non-matrix flow, mainly in response to heavy rainfall events (>25 mm in <5 days) that occurred when the soil was dry in summer and autumn. In the long-term it was estimated that such events could be associated with up to 25% of the rainfall.

Use of herbicides for selective removal of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees from a Phalaris aquatica pasture

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Campbell ◽  
JJ Dellow ◽  
MJ Keys ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales

In the main experiment, the effectiveness of tetrapion, glyphosate and 2,2-DPA in selectively removing Eragrostis curvula from a Phalaris aquatica pasture was determined by applying each at three rates in July 1980, September 1980, December 1980 and March 1981 near Braidwood, New South Wales. Auxiliary experiments were conducted from April 1981 to April 1983 to determine the reliability of herbicide effect on E. curvula. Tetrapion (2.25 and 3.375 kg/ha a.i.) was the most effective herbicide in killing E. curvula and promoting P. aquatica and Trifolium subterraneum. It was more selective when applied in September 1980 and December 1980 than when applied in July 1980 or March 198 1. Re-infestation by E. curvula seedlings in the 3 years after spraying with tetrapion amounted to a maximum of 3% of ground cover. In the auxiliary experiments, tetrapion was effective on all nine occasions of application, which demonstrated its reliability and effectiveness at any time of the year. Glyphosate (1.08 and 1.62 kg/ha a.i.) was effective in killing E. curvula in March 1981 but this result could not be repeated in March 1982 or March 1983 or in nine other applications at other times in these years. 2,2-DPA (maximum rate 22.2 kg/ha a.i.) was ineffective in killing E. curvula at four times of application. Recovery of the P. aquatica pasture after treatment declined in the order: tetrapion >2,2-DPA>glyphosate.

Palatability to sheep of the Eragrostis curvula complex. 2. Selection of palatable taxa

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Visual Rating Scale ◽  
Relative Palatability ◽  
Selection Of

Relative palatability of 12 previously selected taxa of Eragrostis curvula complex was assessed using a visual rating scale of 0 (not grazed) to 10 (completely grazed). Visual ratings were converted to ranks and the most and least palatable lines were compared over 19 grazing assessments in trials at Wagga Wagga, Temora and Orange, New South Wales. Three highly palatable and 2 acceptably palatable accessions were identified. The importance of palatability in the E. curvula complex is discussed.

Control of Amsinckia hispida and Juncus bufonius (toadrush) with herbicides

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
JE Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
South Wales

The control by herbicides of an infestation of Amsinckia hispida and toadrush (Juncus bufonius) in wheat was investigated at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, during 1979 and 1980. Bromoxynil, bromoxynil+MCPA, terbutryne and methabenzthiazuron+2,4-D were used in both years, dicamba+MCPA in 1979, and dicamba and experimental herbicide DPX4189 (GleanTM�) in 1980. All herbicides reduced weed densities and improved crop yields. Terbutryne gave greatest control of weed populations, in excess of 98% in both years. Grain yield was more than doubled in each case. GleanTM produced the highest grain yield in 1980 although weed control was not as good as from some other herbicides. However, the undersown pasture legumes, particularly subterranean clover, had poorer survival from this herbicide. Dicamba and dicamba+MCPA were inferior to the other chemicals in the control of these weeds.

scholarly journals Evaluating the information content of National ASTER Geoscience Maps in the Wagga Wagga and Cobar regions of New South Wales

Preview ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (171) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hewson ◽  
David Robson
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Wales

Resistance of some Australian inbred maize lines to maize dwarf mosaic disease

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Grogan ◽  
DS Teakle
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Resistant Lines

Seven out of eight maize inbred lines developed at Lawes in Queensland from open-pollinated varieties were resistant to maize dwarf mosaic disease when exposed to natural infection in the field. Five of the seven resistant inbred lines failed to become systemically infected when inoculated with infectious sap in the glasshouse. By contrast, only three out of twenty lines introduced from the U.S.A., and two out of eight lines developed at the Grafton and Glen Innes Breeding Stations in New South Wales, were resistant in the field. All three resistant lines from the U.S.A. were systemically infected when inoculated in the glasshouse, but the two resistant lines from Grafton in New South Wales were not. The resistant Lawes and Grafton maize inbred lines would appear to be better sources of genes conferring resistance to maize dwarf mosaic disease than the other lines tested.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

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