A comparison of proton excretion of twelve pasture legumes grown in nutrient solution

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
C. D. A. McLay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Proton Excretion ◽  
Excess Cations ◽  
Pasture Legume

Summary.The use of legumes to improve the productivity of pastures has usually been associated with an increase in soil acidification. The present study compared the acidification potential of 12 N2-fixing pasture legume species/genotypes using a solution culture assay. The legumes were chosen because of their use or potential use in farming systems in the mediterranean zones of southern Australia. The species grown were Trifolium subterraneum L. (vars. Dalkeith, Yarloop and Clare), Trifolium glomeratum L., Trifolium tomentosum L., Medicago murex Willd., Medicago polymorpha L., Medicago truncatulaGaertn., Ornithopus compressus L., Ornithopus sativusBrot., Trifolium vesiculosum and Trifolium balansae. Proton excretion was measured over a period of 21 days from days 40 to 61 after germination. The amount of protons excreted into solution varied between 143 and 265 cmol H+ /kg dry matter for the different species and genotypes. In general, T. tomentosum and T. glomeratum excreted greater amounts of protons per unit biomass than Medicago species and T. subterraneum, which, in turn, excreted more protons than Ornithopus species. The amount of proton excreted per kilogram biomass was well correlated with the concentrations of excess cations over anions and ash alkalinity in plants across all the species. Total acid production was highly correlated with accumulation of excess cations and ash alkalinity, total dry matter production and total nitrogen fixation during the study period. It is suggested that the potential proton excretion by new pasture legume species should be considered when they are introduced into farming systems.

Pasture legume species differ in their capacity to acidify soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
C. Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Ornithopus Sativus ◽  
Excess Cations ◽  
Pasture Legume

The capacity of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Clare), medic (Medicago murex Willd. cv. Zodiac), serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot. line SP1/13), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L. line Mor99), and woolly clover (Trifolium tomentosum L.) to acidify soil under N2 fixation was compared in a pot experiment using a poorly buffered sandy soil. The amount of acid produced per kg shoot dry matter (specific acid production) varied betweefin species and with growth stages, ranging from 44 to 128 cmol/kg shoot. Subterranean clover and serradella acidied soil to a greater extent than woolly clover and medic, whereas biserrula acidified soil least. Irrespective of pasture species and growth stage, specific acid production correlated well with concentrations of excess cations and calcium in shoots. Furthermore, total excess cation, ash alkalinity, and calcium in shoots were all good indicators of total acid production across all of the species.

Acidification potential of ten grain legume species grown in nutrient solution

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. A. McLay ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Proton Production ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Excess Cations

The paper reports the relative acidification potential of 10 N2-fixing grain legume species grown in nutrient solution for 35 days after nodule appearance. The legumes studied were pilosus (Lupinus pilosus Murr. P23342), yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L. R1171), white lupin (Lupinus albus L. Kiev mutant), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. Gungurru), faba bean (Vicia faba L. Fiord), field pea (Pisum sativum L. Dundale), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L. S453), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. T1587), common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Blanchefleur), and lentil (Lens culinaris Med. ILL6002). The species varied considerably in their acidifying ability; proton production ranged from 77 to 136 cmol/kg dry matter. Chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin had the largest acidification potential and field pea the least. The specific acidification (amount of protons produced per kg dry matter) was best correlated with concentrations of excess cations, ash alkalinity, and calcium in plant across the species but was not correlated with plant nitrogen concentration. Total ash alkalinity or total excess cations in shoots provided a good indicator for estimation of total proton production in these species, which were reliant on N2fixation for their source of N. The results have implications for the selection of legumes to be used in sustainable farming systems.

Biserrula and subterranean clover can co-exist during the vegetative phase but are out-competed by capeweed

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Conning ◽  
M. Renton ◽  
M. H. Ryan ◽  
P. G. H. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Ley Farming ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pasture Legume

Biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) is a recently domesticated annual pasture legume developed for ley farming systems that have traditionally relied upon subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). This study examined competitive interactions between biserrula and subterranean clover and the common broad-leaf weed capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.) during seedling establishment and vegetative growth, in order to develop guidelines for successful legume pasture management. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to investigate the allocation of biomass to roots and shoots in biserrula, capeweed, and subterranean clover and its relationship with competitive ability in the first 100 days after sowing. In Experiment 1, capeweed had a higher relative growth rate of shoots and roots than the two legumes and developed a more extensive root system. Experiment 2 consisted of growing binary mixtures of the three species at different densities. The effect of competition on the biomass of biserrula, capeweed, and subterranean clover was best modelled by a power–exponential model. Increasing capeweed densities suppressed the biomass production of both biserrula and subterranean clover, whereas capeweed biomass increased with increasing densities of subterranean clover. This study suggests that the competitive advantage of capeweed is mainly conferred during the seedling stage. It also suggests that biserrula and subterranean clover germinating at the same time can co-exist as a mixed sward, at least up until flowering, if biserrula density is high relative to subterranean clover.

scholarly journals Productivity and seedling recruitment of naturalised annual clovers versus sown clovers Trifolium repens and Trifolium subterraneum

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
T.M.R. Maxwell ◽  
J.L. Moir ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legume

Abstract Naturalised annual clover (NAC) species (suckling clover, cluster clover, striated clover, and haresfoot clover) are commonly present to locally abundant in summer dry hill and high country areas where white and subterranean (sub) clover abundance is limited. This field trial investigated NAC species dry matter production and seedling regeneration compared to white and sub clover. Autumn seedling recruitment was measured in response to low (75 kg/ha) or high (200 kg/ ha) superphosphate (SP) application. Over two growing seasons, NAC species contributed >90% to pasture legume content while white and sub clover contributed

Lotus ornithopodioides L. a potential annual pasture legume species for Mediterranean dryland farming systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-504
Author(s):  
A. Loi ◽  
B. J. Nutt ◽  
G. A. Sandral ◽  
A. Franca ◽  
L. Sulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Pasture Legume

Effect of defoliation stress on 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid content at different growth stages in Melilotus albus

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Nair ◽  
A. Whittall ◽  
D. K. Revell ◽  
K. Dowling ◽  
S. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Pasture Legume

Melilotus albus (Medik.) is a pasture legume with potential value in Australian farming systems, especially in salt-affected areas. However, the use of this species has been limited because of concerns over high coumarin concentrations. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of defoliation on the concentration of 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid, a coumarin precursor, at 3 stages of growth (vegetative, flowering and post-flowering) in 6 accessions. The concentration of 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid was determined by high performance liquid chromatography in leaves of plants grown in a glasshouse. Defoliation stress increased the 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid content in the leaves of all accessions studied by about 8%, from 0.89 to 0.96% of dry matter. The 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid concentrations were not significantly different between vegetative and flowering stages in any of the accessions studied, but showed a significant increase post-flowering for 4 out of the 6 accessions studied. This study indicates that grazing may increase the coumarin or 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid concentration in Melilotus albus, but in screening for suitable accessions to progress to new cultivars, it is not necessary to subject plants to a defoliation stress to rank the accessions for 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid or coumarin concentration.

A second generation of annual pasture legumes and their potential for inclusion in Mediterranean-type farming systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi ◽  
J. G. Howieson ◽  
B. J. Nutt ◽  
S. J. Carr
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Ley Farming ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Pasture Legume

A second generation of annual pasture legumes and their root-nodule bacteria has been released to agriculture in Mediterranean-type environments. These new species emanate from selection activity focussed upon ‘alternative legumes’. In 1992, in response to changing constraints upon production, a program was initiated which sought species with different ideotypic traits to the traditional annual medics and clovers used in agriculture in southern Australia. Traits sought in the new species were deeper root systems, improved persistence from higher hardseed levels, acid tolerant symbioses, tolerance to pests and diseases and ease of harvesting with conventional cereal harvesters. Several cultivars of species new to Australian agriculture such as biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus), French serradella (Ornithopus sativus), gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum) and improved varieties of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) were developed and have had rapid adoption and impact in southern Australian ley- and phase-farming systems. This paper reviews the importance of ley farming for Australian agriculture, the shortcomings of the traditional medics and clovers and the imperatives for a second generation of annual pasture legume species to be developed. In addition to enhancing ley farming, the commercial availability of a second generation of annual pasture legume species has provided a much needed impetus for the development of more flexible and sustainable farming systems.

Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Slattery ◽  
AM Ridley ◽  
SM Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Excess Cations

The export of farm produce from farming systems results in the removal of excess cations over anions from the soil. This removal of bases from the soil will eventually cause an increase in the acidity of the soil. Ash alkalinity data for a range of farm products are presented in this paper and lime replacement values calculated. Of produce from mixed farming enterprises in north-eastern Victoria, hay required the greatest amount of lime (270-1260 kg CaCO3/ha.year) to replace lost alkali from the soil. By comparison, removal of cereal produce required much less lime (7-20 kg CaCO3/ha.year) to replace lost alkali, as did removal of wool and lamb (0.8 and 6.0 kg CaCO3/ha.year respectively). Management strategies that include a lime replacement value for exported farm produce should be considered in overall farm management strategies to reduce soil acidification.

Establishment and early growth after rice of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), Persian clover (T. resupinatum), balansa clover (T. michelianum), and white clover (T. repens)

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAE Lattimore ◽  
HG Beecher ◽  
KL O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Persian Clover

Four temperate clovers were grown on a typical rice-growing soil in the Murrumbidgee Valley, New South Wales, to assess their establishment and early growth potential. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum var. yanninicum) cv. Trikkala, Persian clover (T. resupinatum) cv. Maral, balansa clover (T. michelianum var. balansae) cv. Paradana, and white clover (T. repens) cv. Haifa were sown immediately following a rice crop in autumn of 3 consecutive years. Seven sowing methods were compared, including combinations of surface or drill sowing with land preparation techniques commonly used in rice-farming systems. All cultivars established successfully. Trikkala had the best establishment on the basis of per cent seed sown in year 2, and equal best in years 1 and 3, although Paradana and Maral had higher plant densities at the sowing rates used. Paradana and Maral produced the highest dry matter yields and Haifa the lowest (P<0.05) in the growing period to mid-spring. Sowing method strongly influenced (P<0.05) both establishment and yield of clover. Sowing into a dense rice canopy before harvest severely restricted clover performance, while harvesting rice before sowing greatly improved (P<0.05) clover establishment and dry matter production. Establishment from surface sowing was generally more successful than from drill sowing, although yields with both methods were mostly satisfactory. Establishment and yields were highest after burning stubble, but this effect was variable and not always significant. Sowing after cultivation was not successful, especially in the 2 wetter years, due to poor seedbed preparation and waterlogging.

Intrinsic capacity for nutrient foraging predicts critical external phosphorus requirement of 12 pasture legumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Sandral ◽  
Rebecca E. Haling ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Andrew Price ◽  
Wayne M. Pitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Pasture Legume

The mainstream pasture legume species such as Trifolium subterraneum, T. repens and annual Medicago spp. used in the temperate pasture systems of southern Australia have high critical external requirements for phosphorus (P) (i.e. P required to achieve 90% of maximum yield). This work aimed to identify alternative pasture legume species that could be used in systems with lower P input. Shoot and root biomass of 12 species of pasture legume was measured in response to seven rates of P applied to the top 48 mm of soil in a pot experiment. Most species had maximum yields similar to T. subterraneum, but some required only one-third of the applied P to achieve this. The critical external P requirement of the species, ranked from lowest to highest, was as follows: Ornithopus compressus = O. sativus < Biserrula pelecinus < T. michelianum = T. vesiculosum = T. glanduliferum < T. hirtum = Medicago truncatula = T. purpureum = T. incarnatum < T. spumosum = T. subterraneum. An ability to maximise soil exploration through a combination of high root-length density, high specific root length and long root hairs (i.e. a large specific root-hair-cylinder volume) was associated with a low critical external P requirement. The results indicate that Ornithopus spp. could be used to achieve productive, low P-input pasture systems.

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