Acidification potential of ten grain legume species grown in nutrient solution

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. A. McLay ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Proton Production ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Excess Cations

The paper reports the relative acidification potential of 10 N2-fixing grain legume species grown in nutrient solution for 35 days after nodule appearance. The legumes studied were pilosus (Lupinus pilosus Murr. P23342), yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L. R1171), white lupin (Lupinus albus L. Kiev mutant), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. Gungurru), faba bean (Vicia faba L. Fiord), field pea (Pisum sativum L. Dundale), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L. S453), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. T1587), common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Blanchefleur), and lentil (Lens culinaris Med. ILL6002). The species varied considerably in their acidifying ability; proton production ranged from 77 to 136 cmol/kg dry matter. Chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin had the largest acidification potential and field pea the least. The specific acidification (amount of protons produced per kg dry matter) was best correlated with concentrations of excess cations, ash alkalinity, and calcium in plant across the species but was not correlated with plant nitrogen concentration. Total ash alkalinity or total excess cations in shoots provided a good indicator for estimation of total proton production in these species, which were reliant on N2fixation for their source of N. The results have implications for the selection of legumes to be used in sustainable farming systems.

A comparison of proton excretion of twelve pasture legumes grown in nutrient solution

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
C. D. A. McLay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Proton Excretion ◽  
Excess Cations ◽  
Pasture Legume

Summary.The use of legumes to improve the productivity of pastures has usually been associated with an increase in soil acidification. The present study compared the acidification potential of 12 N2-fixing pasture legume species/genotypes using a solution culture assay. The legumes were chosen because of their use or potential use in farming systems in the mediterranean zones of southern Australia. The species grown were Trifolium subterraneum L. (vars. Dalkeith, Yarloop and Clare), Trifolium glomeratum L., Trifolium tomentosum L., Medicago murex Willd., Medicago polymorpha L., Medicago truncatulaGaertn., Ornithopus compressus L., Ornithopus sativusBrot., Trifolium vesiculosum and Trifolium balansae. Proton excretion was measured over a period of 21 days from days 40 to 61 after germination. The amount of protons excreted into solution varied between 143 and 265 cmol H+ /kg dry matter for the different species and genotypes. In general, T. tomentosum and T. glomeratum excreted greater amounts of protons per unit biomass than Medicago species and T. subterraneum, which, in turn, excreted more protons than Ornithopus species. The amount of proton excreted per kilogram biomass was well correlated with the concentrations of excess cations over anions and ash alkalinity in plants across all the species. Total acid production was highly correlated with accumulation of excess cations and ash alkalinity, total dry matter production and total nitrogen fixation during the study period. It is suggested that the potential proton excretion by new pasture legume species should be considered when they are introduced into farming systems.

Pasture legume species differ in their capacity to acidify soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
C. Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Ornithopus Sativus ◽  
Excess Cations ◽  
Pasture Legume

The capacity of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Clare), medic (Medicago murex Willd. cv. Zodiac), serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot. line SP1/13), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L. line Mor99), and woolly clover (Trifolium tomentosum L.) to acidify soil under N2 fixation was compared in a pot experiment using a poorly buffered sandy soil. The amount of acid produced per kg shoot dry matter (specific acid production) varied betweefin species and with growth stages, ranging from 44 to 128 cmol/kg shoot. Subterranean clover and serradella acidied soil to a greater extent than woolly clover and medic, whereas biserrula acidified soil least. Irrespective of pasture species and growth stage, specific acid production correlated well with concentrations of excess cations and calcium in shoots. Furthermore, total excess cation, ash alkalinity, and calcium in shoots were all good indicators of total acid production across all of the species.

NONPROTEIN NITROGEN CONTENTS OF SOME GRAIN LEGUMES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The seeds of nine grain legume species were analyzed for nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), amino acids (AA) in NPN, total nucleic acids and nucleic acid nitrogen (NAN). The range in amounts of low molecular weight NPN as determined by ultrafiltration was 16–75 mg/g N for the nine species. The range in NAN was very small and the average of all species was 23.4 mg/g N or 1.05 mg/g seed. Arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine were the major AA constituents in the ultrafiltrate NPN of six samples of field pea, fababean and field bean. Twenty percent of the nitrogen (N) of the NPN was in protein AA in fababean while the values were 59–75% for field pea and field bean. The remainder along with the NAN was equal to 3.6–5.7% of the seed N.

A comparison of seed yields of winter grain legumes in Western Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
GH Walton ◽  
M Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Narrow Leaf ◽  
Seed Yields

Field trials were conducted in 2 seasons at 13 sites on neutral to alkaline soils in Western Australia, to compare the growth and seed yield of 6 winter grain legume species: field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), albus lupin (L. albus). In a dry year (1991), overall site mean seed yield was highest for field pea (1.35 t/ha), then faba bean (1.22 t/ha) and narrow leaf lupin (0.85 t/ha). Chickpea, lentil line ILL5728, and albus lupin produced an average seed yield of 0.64 t/ha. Rainfall in 1992 was above average and seed yields of all species except field pea were higher than in 1991. Heavy rainfall in winter and spring caused transient waterlogging at several sites, affecting growth and seed yield of most species. Faba bean responded positively to the increase in rainfall and produced exceptional seed yields of >4 t/ha at 3 sites. Mean seed yield was highest for faba bean, at 2.87 t/ha, then narrow leaf lupin (1.19 t/ha), chickpea (1.1 t/ha), and field pea (1.0 t/ha). Field pea performed poorly at several sites due to its susceptibility to transient waterlogging and black spot disease (caused by Mycosphaerella pinoides). Albus lupin and lentil line ILL5728 produced similar seed yields (0.78 t/ha). Lentil cvv. Laird (1991) and Kye (1992) had low seed yields due to poor adaptation. Seed yield differences between species at various locations were not simply related to any soil chemical parameters or to depth to clay. On a calcareous soil of pH(CaC12) 8 at Dongara, the growth of narrow leaf lupin was severely affected and the crop failed. Days to flowering varied between species; faba bean was earliest to flower (76 days), then field pea. Faba bean and field pea (particularly in 1991) generally produced the most dry matter, both early and at final harvest. The relationship between seed yield and rainfall was complicated by transient waterlogging and fungal disease (e.g. black spot in field pea) at many sites. Seed yield was significantly positively related to final dry matter production but not to harvest index.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals Agroinfiltration for transient gene expression and characterisation of fungal pathogen effectors in cool-season grain legume hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes W. Debler ◽  
Bernadette M. Henares ◽  
Robert C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Key message Modified pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vectors were used for agroinfiltration in legumes. We demonstrate protein expression and export in pea, lentil, and faba bean; however, the method for chickpea was not successful. Abstract Agroinfiltration is a valuable research method for investigating virulence and avirulence effector proteins from pathogens and pests, where heterologous effector proteins are transiently expressed in plant leaves and hypersensitive necrosis responses and other effector functions can be assessed. Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used for agroinfiltration and the characterisation of broad-spectrum effectors. The method has also been used in other plant species including field pea, but not yet developed for chickpea, lentil, or faba bean. Here, we have modified the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector for expression of 6 × histidine-tagged green-fluorescent protein (GFP) and the known necrosis-inducing broad-spectrum effector necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). Modified pEAQ-based vectors were adapted to encode signal peptide sequences for apoplast targeting of expressed proteins. We used confocal microscopy to assess the level of GFP expression in agroinfiltrated leaves. While at 3 days after infiltration in N. benthamiana, GFP was expressed at a relatively high level, expression in field pea and faba bean at the same time point was relatively low. In lentil, an expression level of GFP similar to field pea and faba bean at 3 days was only observed after 5 days. Chickpea leaf cells were transformed at low frequency and agroinfiltration was concluded to not be successful for chickpea. We concluded that the pEAQ vector is suitable for testing host-specific effectors in field pea, lentil, and faba bean, but low transformation efficiency limits the utility of the method for chickpea.

scholarly journals Content of inorganic solutes in lettuce grown with brackish water in different hydroponic systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Fabio T. O. de Freitas ◽  
Paula C. Viana ◽  
Maria R. S. Rafael ◽  
André D. de Azevedo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of ions in lettuce grown in different hydroponic systems and recirculation frequencies. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. The evaluated hydroponic systems were Nutrient Flow Technique (NFT) and an adapted Deep Flow Technique (DFT), the latter with recirculation frequencies of 0.25, 2 and 4 h. Both systems used fresh water and brackish water. Plant growth, accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Cl- and NO3-) and the correlation between dry matter production and Na+/K+ and Cl-/NO3- were evaluated. The salinity of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution caused decrease in growth and K+ and NO3- levels, and increased contents of Na+ and Cl- in the plants. When using fresh water the highest dry matter production was obtained in the NFT system. In case of brackish water the adapted DFT system increased the production, in relation to NFT system (at same recirculation frequency: 0.25 h). It was found that the choice of the type of hydroponic system and recirculation interval for the cultivation of lettuce depends on the quality of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

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