The effect of crop rotations in the Victorian Wimmera on the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae). nitrogen fertility and wheat yield

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
DR Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility

Rotations of two or four years sown barrel medic pasture, or volunteer (non-medic) pasture, were compared with a fallow-wheat rotation at Natimuk in the Victorian Wimmera. The fallow-wheat rotation maintained a high population of cereal cyst nematode and a low level of nitrogen fertility. Increase of fertility was greatest under barrel medic (0.006 per cent total nitrogen per year). Though lowest nematode populations were recorded after four years barrel medic plus fallow (0.25 eggs per gram of soil), a shorter period of medic ley may be more practical. Wheat yield following wheat-fallow (24.2 bushels an acre) was increased after two years natural pasture plus fallow (38.4 bushels an acre) but almost doubled after two years barrel medic plus fallow (46.0 bushels an acre). A single years fallow reduced the nematode population by 56-75 per cent, but there was a rapid increase whenever wheat was grown. Following two years medic ley plus fallow, only one or two wheat crops could be grown on a fallow-wheat rotation before the nematode population returned to its original level.

Wheat root protection from cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) by fluopyram seed treatment

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolin Li ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Daxia Zhang ◽  
Xu Lin ◽  
Guangying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Bioactivity Assay ◽  
Root Protection

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae), an important plant-parasitic nematode causing yield losses on wheat, has been found in many provinces in China. It is urgent to develop an effective method to protect wheat from H. avenae damage. With a novel mode of action, fluopyram has been registered for controlling root-knot nematodes on cucumber and tomato in China. However, the bioactivity of fluopyram against H. avenae and whether seed treatment is effective in controlling H. avenae on wheat remains unknown. In this study, a bioactivity assay revealed that fluopyram increased the mortality of H. avenae second stage juveniles (J2), with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.92 mg L-1 and 2.92 mg L-1, respectively. Hatching tests showed that H. avenae egg hatching percent decreased 35.2-69.2% with fluopyram at the rate of 1.6-6.4 mg L-1, and the egg hatching period was delayed by 3-9 days compared with the control. In pot and field trials, fluopyram seed treatment significantly reduced H. avenae population density and increased wheat yield by 3.0-13.7%. Therefore, fluopyram seed treatment is an effective approach for the management of H. avenae on wheat in China.

The relation between wheat yield and early damage of roots by cereal cyst nematode

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Simon ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A survey of 14 farmers' fields in the Northern Adelaide Plains in 1978 showed that cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) was the major factor limiting wheat yields, with a relation of r = -0.86 (P < 0.001) between damage to wheat roots at the seedling stage and grain yield. None of the 12 physical and chemical properties of the soils measured was related to cereal cyst nematode damage or grain yield. Samples taken from experimental plots with similar soil and climate showed a build up of H. avenae after four successive wheat crops and highly significant negative correlations between the damage to seminal roots by H. avenae, dry weight at flowering, and grain yield. A highly significant positive correlation of 0.84 existed between the damage to the seminal roots and the number of females (white cysts) on the roots at flowering.

scholarly journals Effect of Abamectin on the Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) and Wheat Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianli Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxue Ji ◽  
Kaiyun Wang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Biological Pesticide

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) is a major pest in wheat and until now there is no pesticide registered to control this pest in China. Development of effective methods of controlling CCN is urgently needed. Abamectin is a biological pesticide that has a high nematicide activity. However, the efficacy of abamectin soil application to control CCN in wheat and its effect on yield in China remains unknown. Therefore, laboratory, greenhouse, and field tests were carried out to evaluate the potential of abamectin soil applications for CCN control and improvement of wheat yield. Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited knockdown toxicity to CCN, with LC50 and LC90 values 9.8 and 59.4 mg liter–1. Greenhouse experiment and field trials showed that soil applications of abamectin provided significant CCN control and higher straw dry weights and wheat grain yields. There was an 8.5 to 19.3% yield increase from the various abamectin treatments compared with the control. The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin exhibited a high nematicidal activity to H. avenae and adequate performance to enhance wheat crop yields.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

scholarly journals Discovery of Heterodera filipjevi in Washington and Comparative Virulence with H. avenae on Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Guiping Yan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Cyst Morphology

The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae suppresses wheat production in the western United States. A second species of cereal cyst nematode, H. filipjevi, was identified in eastern Oregon during 2008. This paper reports the discovery of H. filipjevi–infested fields in eastern Washington, thereby extending the known distribution of H. filipjevi in the United States. The identity of H. filipjevi was determined and confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and cyst morphology. Soils that were collected from naturally infested fields in Washington were used to compare the virulence of H. avenae and H. filipjevi on six spring wheat cultivars under controlled-environment conditions. Noninfested soils from nearby fields were used as controls. Cultivars Ouyen and WB Rockland were resistant to H. avenae and susceptible to H. filipjevi. Cultivars Sönmez and SY Steelhead were resistant to H. filipjevi and susceptible to H. avenae. Cultivars Louise and WB 936 were susceptible to both species. The resistance of SY Steelhead to ‘H. avenae’, reported in a previous paper, is corrected as resistance to H. filipjevi due to an earlier misidentification of H. filipjevi. Management guidelines that include crop rotations and resistant cultivars are presented. Discovery of additional infestations of H. filipjevi are anticipated when DNA-based tests become used routinely in commercial diagnostic laboratories.

Resistance of wheat, barley and oat to Heterodera avenae in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
John N. Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, occurs in at least seven western states of the USA and reduces grain yield in localised regions and in selected crop management systems. Virulence phenotypes for H. avenae populations in North America have not been reported. Nine individual assays in six experiments were conducted to determine the reactions of barley, oat and wheat cultivars to five H. avenae populations in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Three populations were evaluated for virulence to 23 entries of the 'International Test Assortment for Defining Cereal Cyst Nematode Pathotypes', plus selected local cultivars and entries representing a greater diversity of resistance genes. The virulence phenotype(s) for populations of H. avenae in the PNW did not correspond to any of the 11 pathotypes defined by the Test Assortment. Five PNW populations exhibited affinities with Group 2 but were not defined by pathotypes Ha12 and Ha22. Reproduction was prevented or greatly inhibited by barley carrying the Rha3 resistance gene and by most carriers of Rha2 resistance, and by selected oat cultivars with multigenic resistance. Wheat cultivars carrying the Cre1 resistance gene were highly effective in suppressing H. avenae reproduction. Current PNW wheat cultivars do not carry the Cre1 resistance gene. Crosses between Ouyen, an Australian bread wheat with Cre1 resistance, and several PNW wheat cultivars were resistant. The CreR gene also prevented H. avenae reproduction in the trial where it was tested. Intermediate levels of reproduction occurred on wheat cultivars carrying the Cre5, Cre7 and Cre8 resistance genes, each of which was considered useful for pyramiding into cultivars with Cre1 resistance. This research identified genetic resources of value in PNW cereal crop breeding programmes.

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