Complementary grazing of native pasture and standing Townsville lucerne in the dry season at Katherine, NT

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman ◽  
GA Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Seasons

In an experiment at Katherine, N.T., in the 1964, 1965, and 1966 dry seasons, Shorthorn steers were grazed on varying proportions of native pasture and standing Townsville lucerne pasture. The treatments were : a native pasture alone ; b Townsville lucerne two days, native pasture five days ; c Townsville lucerne four days, native pasture three days ; d Townsville lucerne alone. Liveweight gain over 16 weeks, from early June to late September, was linearly related to the number of days in the week on Townsville lucerne (21 = -74.9 + 2 7 . 9 � 30.5, where! = gain in lb per head and x = number of days). The results were compared with earlier data from Katherine on dry season supplementation of cattle on native pasture with a high-protein concentrate. In terms of liveweight gain, a weekly fall in dry matter yield of Townsville lucerne of 100 lb per head was equivalent to the consumption of 0.5 lb per head per day of digestible crude protein in concentrate form. Of this quantity of legume, it appeared that approximately two-thirds was consumed and one-third wasted. Periodic sampling of the Townsville lucerne pastures confirmed earlier findings that cattle grazing standing Townsville lucerne in the dry season do not select for a high-protein diet. The pattern of liveweight gain on Townsville lucerne alone, with other evidence, suggested that they do select for a high-energy diet.

The influence of dietary protein intake and of hoof trimming on lameness in dairy cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Manson ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Locomotion Score ◽  
Clinical Cases

ABSTRACTIn an experiment during weeks 3 to 26 of lactation, two groups of 12 cows were offered a mixed concentrate/grass silage diet containing 161 g crude protein per kg dry matter, and two similar groups a diet containing 198 g crude protein per kg dry matter. The concentrate: forage ratios and the daily metabolizable energy intakes were the same for all four groups. The cows in one of the two groups at each crude protein level had their hooves trimmed prior to parturition, the other group remaining untrimmed. The high protein diet significantly increased locomotion score (higher scores indicate poorer locomotion), the number and duration of clinical cases of lameness and outer toe length. Trimming of hooves reduced locomotion scores and the number and duration of clinical cases. Hoof growth was significantly increased by trimming. Mid-sole hardness was negatively correlated with locomotion score. At the two extremes, the low protein trimmed group had five cows lame for an average of 1·0 weeks, whereas the high protein untrimmed group had nine cows lame for an average of 4-2 weeks. Condition score and live-weight change were negatively correlated with locomotion score. There were no significant differences between treatments in milk solids yield.

The effects of differing proportions of dietary macronutrients on the digestibility and post-prandial endocrine responses in domestic cats (Felis catus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Hill ◽  
K.J. Rutherfurd-Markwick ◽  
G. Ravindran ◽  
D.G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of feeding two diets with different macronutrient proportions (high protein, low carbohydrate and low protein, high carbohydrate) on the digestibility and post-prandial endocrine responses of cats fed at maintenance levels, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the marginal ear vein prick technique for the measurement of blood glucose levels in feline studies. Two diets were fed to 16 adult domestic short-haired cats for a period of three weeks (eight cats per diet). Following a seven-day dietary adaptation period, the apparent macronutrient digestibility of the two diets was determined (days 8-19) using the total faecal collection method. The faeces were freeze dried, ground and analysed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy and then apparent digestibility was calculated. On days 20 and 21, the post-prandial glucose responses of the cats fed a single meal of one of the two diets were measured in serial blood samples collected using the marginal ear vein prick technique.Results showed that the high protein, low carbohydrate diet had higher (p < 0.05) apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and energy, lower (p < 0.01) daily faecal output and smaller fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations. Despite the two groups of cats having similar calorific intakes, the cats fed the high protein diet lost weight over the study period, whereas those fed the high carbohydrate, low protein diet gained weight. The marginal ear vein prick technique proved to be an effective alternative to catheterisation for blood glucose determination. The high protein diet tested in the current study, in addition to being more aligned to the cat's natural carnivorous diet, may be beneficial for weight management and blood glucose control in cats.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

scholarly journals A study of the protein requirements of the mature breeding ewe

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention

1. An experiment was carried out in which protein utilization in the pregnant ewe was studied using the nitrogen balance technique.2. Eight diets supplying four different intakes of crude protein and two different intakes of energy were each offered to eight individually penned ewes.3. The mean crude protein intakes per day were 7·2, 5·5, 4·1 and 3·0 g/kg W0·73 (where W = body-weight) and the metabolizable energy intakes 134 and 113 kcal/kg W0·73.4. N balances were carried out at 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation on five ewes from each treatment.5. The apparent digestibility of both dry matter and crude protein decreased with decreasing protein intake. With the high energy intake, the apparent dry-matter digestibility was increased and the apparent digestibility of crude protein decreased. Stage of gestation had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of either of these constituents.6. N retention was not affected by the number of foetuses carried. With the higher energy intake and the higher protein intakes, the absolute retention of N was significantly increased at all stages of gestation. N retention increased with advancing pregnancy; the retentions at 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation being 0·086, 0·114 and 0·163 g/kg W0·73 per day respectively.7. The efficiency of utilization of apparently digested N was calculated from the regression of retained N as a percentage of apparently digested N against apparently digested N.8. The daily intakes of apparently digested N required for maximum efficiency were 0·551 and 0·620 g/kg W0·73 on the high and low energy intakes respectively. The daily intake for maximum efficiency decreased with advancing pregnancy, the values being 0·623, 0·587 and 0·567 g/kg W0·73 for the 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation respectively.9. The levels of N retained at maximum efficiency were 0·235 and 0·202 g/kg W0·73 per day for the high and low energy intakes respectively. The levels of N retained increased during pregnancy from 0·170 g/kg W0·73 per day at 10–12 weeks to 0·286 g/kg W0·73 at 18–20 weeks. The requirements for zero N balance were 0·072 and 0·153 g apparently digested N/kg W0·73 per day for the high and low energy intakes respectively. The requirement for zero N balance decreased from 0·176 g/kg W0·73 per day at 10–12 weeks to 0·071 g/kg W0·73 at 18–20 weeks.10. The results are discussed in relation to other research findings and current recommendations.

Estimation of the average total digestible nutrients in pig feeds

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
H. W. Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Different Levels

In an earlier paper the estimation of the total digestible nutrients (T.d.n.) to be expected in ruminant feedingstuffs has been described (Glover, J. Duthie, D. W. & Dougall, H. W. 1960). In a like manner the average T.d.n. in pig feeds can be estimated. The necessary equations have been obtained in earlier papers (Glover & Duthie, 1958A, b). They are, respectivelywhere C.p. and C.f. are percentage crude protein and crude fibre, respectively, in the dry matter of the feed, D.c.p. is digestible crude protein and N.r. the nutritive ratio. They can be used directly for the estimation of T.d.n. because by definition T.d.n. is D.c.p.(N.r. + 1); thus the T.d.n. to be expected at different levels of C.p. and C.f. can readily be calculated. Table 1 shows in abbreviated form some of the values that are obtained in the ranges 0–30% C.p. and 0–40% C.f., while Fig. 1 illustrates in detail the effect on T.d.n. of changing C.p. and C.f. levels of the diet. This figure shows clearly the very marked effect of increasing C.f. depressing the digestibility of the total nutrients in pig feeds, a fact which is already well known.

A note on the apparent digestibility of energy and protein in dried poultry excreta

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Lowman ◽  
D. W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Detailed Work

SUMMARYThe nutritional value of dried poultry excreta was investigated by determining the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and copper in five diets containing 0 to 100% of this feed. Dried poultry excreta supplied 20·21% apparently digestible crude protein and approximately 1·57 or 1·74 Mcal of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter.The copper in dried poultry excreta was found to be less digestible than the copper in barley. It is concluded that, as far as copper levels are concerned, dried poultry excreta are safe for ruminants, and are a source ofcheap protein. More detailed work is needed to determine the metabolizable energy of the material accurately.

The effects of concentrate supplements on the performance of dairy cows offered grass silage ad libitum

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Laird ◽  
J. D. Leaver ◽  
F. R. Moisey ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTNinety-six lactating British Friesian cows were offered ad libitum two grass silages having the following analyses: 181 and 241 g dry matter per kg fresh weight, 108 and 96g digestible crude protein per kg dry matter and 617 and 619 g digestible organic matter per kg dry matter. In addition, four concentrate supplements were offered, containing either 360 g crude protein per kg on an air-dry basis and given at the rate of 015 kg/kg milk or 180 g crude protein per kg given at the rate of 030, 0375 and 0·45 kg/kg milk. Large and highly significant differences were recorded in silage intake, mil yield, milk composition, live weight and condition score during the winter feeding period. These differences in performance were associated more with differences in energy than in protein intake. During the post-experimental grazing period no significant differences between treatments were recorded in milk yield and composition, with the exception of fat concentration, and by midsummer no significant differences were apparent in live weight. The results of the experiment were appraised in economic terms and implications for commercial practice discussed.

A note on the digestibility in lambs of whole, dry barley treated with ammonia

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Laksesvela ◽  
P. Slagsvold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre

ABSTRACTWhole, dry barley treated with ammonia (A), whole, untreated barley (WU) or ground barley (G) were fed with hay and a little high protein concentrate to 7 to 11-month-old lambs. Most apparent digestibility coefficients were found to be 3 to 5 units higher in the diet with barley A than in diets with barley WU or G, the differences being significant. Calculation of the digestibility of barley by difference showed that the coefficients were 8 to 10 units higher in barley A than in barley WU or G as regards dry matter and organic matter. Digestion of crude fibre was better in both A and WU than in G. These differences were also significant.

Liveweight of grazing steers supplemented with molasses, urea and sulfur in northern Queensland

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Winks ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
SR McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Native Pastures

Steers grazing native pasture were supplemented with 0, 0.8 or 2.4 g of sulfur/head.d in addition to a molasses (230 or 115 g/head.d) and urea (60 g/head.d) supplement over four dry seasons. The unsupplemented animals lost most or gained least weight during the feeding period in all four years but the difference was significant (P< 0.05) in only two years. Adding sulfur to the molasses and urea tended to give the best results but the effect was not significant (P> 0.05) over the results achieved with feeding only molasses and urea. There was a tendency for liveweight performance to be better with the higher level of molasses, but again differences were not significant. Blood sulfate-sulfur levels during the feeding period increased with the level of sulfur fed but levels were not significantly correlated with liveweight change. Compensatory growth by unsupplemented groups after the feeding period eliminated liveweight advantages of supplemented groups. The results suggest that the level of molasses in a molasses and urea supplement for yearling cattle grazing native pastures on solodic soils during the dry season in northern Queensland can be reduced to 115 g/head.d without adversely affecting liveweight. These results may not apply on sulfur deficient soils and in dry years.

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