Estimation of the average total digestible nutrients in pig feeds

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
H. W. Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Different Levels

In an earlier paper the estimation of the total digestible nutrients (T.d.n.) to be expected in ruminant feedingstuffs has been described (Glover, J. Duthie, D. W. & Dougall, H. W. 1960). In a like manner the average T.d.n. in pig feeds can be estimated. The necessary equations have been obtained in earlier papers (Glover & Duthie, 1958A, b). They are, respectivelywhere C.p. and C.f. are percentage crude protein and crude fibre, respectively, in the dry matter of the feed, D.c.p. is digestible crude protein and N.r. the nutritive ratio. They can be used directly for the estimation of T.d.n. because by definition T.d.n. is D.c.p.(N.r. + 1); thus the T.d.n. to be expected at different levels of C.p. and C.f. can readily be calculated. Table 1 shows in abbreviated form some of the values that are obtained in the ranges 0–30% C.p. and 0–40% C.f., while Fig. 1 illustrates in detail the effect on T.d.n. of changing C.p. and C.f. levels of the diet. This figure shows clearly the very marked effect of increasing C.f. depressing the digestibility of the total nutrients in pig feeds, a fact which is already well known.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

The total digestible nutrients and gross digestible energy of ruminant feeds

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
D. W. Duthie ◽  
H. W. Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Sharp Fall ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

It is shown that reasonable estimates of the average amounts of total digestible nutrients and gross digestible energy of ruminant feeds can be derived from knowledge of only the crude-protein and crude-fibre contents of such material as fed. These estimates do not appear to be markedly affected, if at all, by differences in class of feed or species of ruminant whether cattle, sheep or goat.A table of the average estimates of digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients, to be expected at different levels of crude protein and crude fibre, is presented for use in the estimation of the average nutritive value of feeds whose digestibility has not been studied in detail by means of numerous animal trials.Inherent in the relationship between either total digestible nutrients or gross digestible energy and the proximate partial composition of the feed is a suggestion that if a low plane of protein nutrition is prolonged, that is when the crude protein of the dry diet lies persistently below some 5% in the dry feed, there is likely to be a sharp fall in the total digestibility of the feed.

Studies on Browse Plants in Ghana

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SummaryDigestibility of the herbage of the indigenous tree Antiaris africana was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 67, dry matter 64, crude protein 78, crude fibre 39, nitrogen-free extract 74, ether extract 36 and ash 36. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 23·2 and digestible crude protein 3·7, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 6. The herbage was young and its palatability high.

The nutrition of the early-weaned calf VIII. The effect on nitrogen retention of diets containing different levels of fish meal

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Preston ◽  
F. G. Whitelaw ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARY1. All-concentrate diets containing four different levels of Peruvian (anchovy) fish meal and varying in crude protein content from 14·8% to 21·7% in dry matter were given ad libitum to 8 early-weaned Friesian calves over a live-weight range of 60–100 kg.2. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher on diets containing 21·7% and 19·4% crude protein in dry matter than on diets with 16·8% and 14·8% crude protein. Nitrogen retention as a percentage of dietary intake appeared to be less on the diet with 21·7% crude protein in dry matter than on the other diets.3. From these data it was calculated that the digestible crude protein requirement for a calf of 82 kg. live-weight gaining at 909 g. daily is between 270 and 340 g.

scholarly journals NILAI NUTRISI AMPAS TEBU (Bagasse) YANG DIFERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN STARBIO® PADA LEVEL YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafles Rafles ◽  
Efendi Harahap ◽  
Dewi Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
Different Levels

The bagasse has potential as an alternative feed for ruminant. However,  though the high of the crude fibre and the very low in the nutritional value make them very limited in using for animal feed. To overcome the problem in order to increase nutritional value was the fermentation technology by the application of the starbio inoculums. The objective of the research was to observe the  nutrition  qualities of the bagasse with aplication of different levels of starbio. The experimental design was  a completely Randomized Design  with 4 treatments i.e. P0 (bagasse + 0% Starbio), P1 (bagasse+ 0.2% starbio), P2 (bagasse+ 0.4% Starbio), P3 (bagasse+ 0.6% Starbio) and each treatment has 5 replication, The parameters measured were pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) crude fiber (CF), ash and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). The results of the research indicated that pH of the  fermentation was very good (3.37-3.67), DM (66.59-68.73%), and CP 1.47-1,97%. However, there was no effect on EE, CF, ashes and NFE. The addition of 0.6% starbio was the best result to increase CP but did not affect on ash content.

Utilization of Zizyphus nummularia leaves by three breeds of sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nath ◽  
NS Malik ◽  
ON Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The chemical composition of Zizyphus nummularia leaves was determined, and their nutritive value studied by feeding them to 8-month-old ram lambs, three each of the Rambouillet, Rambouillet x Chokla, and Malpura breeds. Z. nummularia leaves contained 14% crude protein, 3% ether extract, 17% crude fibre, 56% nitrogen-free extract, 73% total carbohydrates, 10% total ash, 2.8% calcium, and 0.14% phosphorus. The dry matter intake of the lambs was 2.05 kg per 100 kg body weight. The palatability of the leaves was low and the animals lost weight. The average digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extract, and total carbohydrates were 44, 54, 40, 28, 35, 64, and 57% respectively. The digestion coefficients of the nutrients did not differ between breeds except that for crude protein, which was higher in the Rambouillet (P < 0.05). The leaves contained 5.56 kg digestible crude protein and 49.7 kg total digestible nutrients per 100 kg dry matter. The nutritive ratio was 1 : 7.9. The leaves were quite nutritious, but palatability was low. Digestibility of protein was poor and urinary nitrogen excretion was low. Animals were in positive nitrogen balance, yet lost weight; possible causes for this are discussed. It is considered that Z. nummuluria leaves fed to growing lambs should be supplemented with other fodder. Protein and phosphorus supplements also seem desirable. Results indicate that wider investigations on factors limiting food intake, the role of supplements in improving the nutritional inadequacy of the diet, and ecological aspects of Zizyphus are necessary.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional potential of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) leaf, stem and root on human health

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ilodibia ◽  
Ngozi Igboabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Nutrient Compositions

Phytochemical and nutritional potentials of various parts (leaf, stem and root) of Talinum triangulare were evaluated using standard techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed in data analysis. All the parts of the species were found to contain nutrient compositions in varying levels. Dry matter and carbohydrate were highest in the stem (91.69±0.12 and 68.66±0.01) respectively. Moisture, ash content and crude fibre were highest in the root (9.78±0.04, 17.53±0.11and 15.32±0.03) respectively while ether extract and crude protein were highest in the leaf (1.09±0.01 and 17.72±0.17) respectively. The results showed also varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaf, stem and root with some parts lacking some of the phytochemicals. The leaf contained the highest percentage of all the phytochemical investigated alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, Terpenoid, phenol and saponin (0.47±0.01, 0.26±0.00, 0.36±0.07, 0.03±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.02±0.01and 0.68±0.05 respectively. The root lacked sterol and phenol while stem lacked only phenol. The leaf, stem and root lacked cyanogenic glycoside. The results have indicated that these parts of the Talinum triangulare investigated are very nutritious and possessed bioactive compounds that could be extracted for the manufacture of new drug, food supplements and also be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases.

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