scholarly journals COMPETITIVE VEGETATIVE ORCHARD COVERS REDUCE PEACH ROOTING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 589g-589
Author(s):  
Michael L. Parker ◽  
John R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach trees (`Biscoe'/Lovell) were planted in March, 1988 in ten different ground cover management systems. The trees were planted at the Sandhills Research Station in Southeastern North Carolina on a Candor sand and Eunola sandy loam. In December, 1991 the trench profile method was used to evaluate root distribution under the six orchard floor management systems of nimblewill, bare ground control, centipedegrass, brome, bahiagrass, and weedy control. Trenches were dug parallel to the tree row 60 cm from the center of the row on both sides of the tree. Grids 1 meter square, sectioned into 10 cm squares, were placed on the profile walls and root distribution (in three size categories) was recorded for 1 meter on each side of the tree in each trench. Root numbers were greatly reduced under the vegetative covers that provided the greatest suppression of vegetative tree growth. Total root densities under the trees in the vegetative covers were ranked into three size categories which were correlated with the amount of vegetative tree growth.

Competition between Two Species of Mites. I. Experimental Results

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Foott
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Peach Trees

Two principal pests of apple and peach trees in southwestern Ontario are the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.). Usually only P. ulmi is present on the trees in large numbers during the spring and early summer, at which time T. telarius lives predominantly on the ground cover. In August, many T. telarius move from the ground cover to the trees, and large numbers of both species may then be present. In mite control investigations in an apple orchard at the Harrow Research Station, T. telarius moved onto the trees, especially in the central plots, regardless of the acaricides previously applied or the numbers of P. ulmi that were or had been present. This phenomenon posed the question of whether the residual effects of acaricides applied to the trees were mainly responsible for the size of P. ulmi populations in the central plots, or whether competition resulting from the ingress of T. telarius was partially responsible.

Distribution of peach roots under pasture and cultivation

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Over Time

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station four peach trees, growing in a fine sandy clay loam developed on a Silurian mudstone, with pasture on one side of the tree row and cultivation on the other, were excavated in 1962 with water under high pressure hosing. In 1966 four similar trees were excavated in the same way. From 1962 to 1966 additional nitrogen was applied to all trees and complete autumn and spring ploughing replaced a modified cultivation system of autumn and spring discing. No differences were found between treatments or between times of excavation for total root weight or for three grades of root, fibre (<l mm), medium (1-9 mm), and framework (<9 mm). However, the root distribution patterns differed markedly and changed with time. Fibre root distribution improved over time for pasture and declined for cultivation, and by 1966 was more widespread under pasture than under cultivation. Part of these changes could be attributed to waterlogging damage in 1964. The pattern of root distribution helped to explain the tolerance of the pasture trees to wet conditions and was consistent with tree growth.

scholarly journals Thrips Control in Peanuts, North Carolina, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
B. M. Royals
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

Abstract At-plant, in-furrow applied insecticides were evaluated for tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) control at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston. NC-7 variety peanuts were planted on 36 inch rows on May 11 at approx. 100 lb of seed/acre. Soil temperature was 74°F and the soil was moist (0.8% H.M. and 5.7 pH). Soil series consisted of Rains + Goldsboro sandy loam. Prowl and Vernam were used for early season weed control. Plots were 2 rows wide × 50 ft long and each plot was separated by 2 buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Plots were separated by a 5 ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using a Cole® planter and in-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with the seed using electric Gandy® boxes. The in-furrow application of the Orthene was applied by mounting spray nozzles directly behind the seed tube and connecting these to a COz sprayer on the planter. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa. Treatments, rates, and application techniques were listed. Peanuts were managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets per plot on 25 May and 1,8, 16 Jun. Twenty-five, newly-opened leaflets per plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. The number of damaged leaflets was recorded. All data were transformed (square root of X + 0.5) prior to analysis. Actual means are presented in tables.

scholarly journals Orchard Floor Management Affects Peach Rooting

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L Parker ◽  
J. Hull ◽  
R.L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Wall Method

The root distribution of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven/Halford] as affected by six orchard floor management treatments was evaluated after 3 years of growth. Two treatments were maintained vegetation-free and four had vegetative covers in the alleyway with a 1.2-m-wide herbicide strip in the tree row. The profile wall method was used to determine root distribution. Trees maintained vegetation-free with herbicide had the most roots. Trees in the vegetation-free plots, maintained with herbicide or cultivation, produced more roots 1.2 m from the tree than trees in the vegetative covers. The number of roots, 1.2 m from the tree, was lowest in the tall fescue treatment. The number of roots were higher in the Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) than with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.).

Correction - Distribution of peach roots under pasture and cultivation

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Over Time

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station four peach trees, growing in a fine sandy clay loam developed on a Silurian mudstone, with pasture on one side of the tree row and cultivation on the other, were excavated in 1962 with water under high pressure hosing. In 1966 four similar trees were excavated in the same way. From 1962 to 1966 additional nitrogen was applied to all trees and complete autumn and spring ploughing replaced a modified cultivation system of autumn and spring discing. No differences were found between treatments or between times of excavation for total root weight or for three grades of root, fibre (<l mm), medium (1-9 mm), and framework (>9 mm). However, the root distribution patterns differed markedly and changed with time. Fibre root distribution improved over time for pasture and declined for cultivation, and by 1966 was more widespread under pasture than under cultivation. Part of these changes could be attributed to waterlogging damage in 1964. The pattern of root distribution helped to explain the tolerance of the pasture trees to wet conditions and was consistent with tree growth.

scholarly journals Interplanting Wheat Is Not an Effective Postplant Management Tactic for Criconemella xenoplax in Peach Production

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Nyczepir ◽  
P. F. Bertrand ◽  
M. L. Parker ◽  
J. R. Meyer ◽  
E. I. Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Ring Nematode

In two orchard experiments, interplanting wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Stacy) around either newly planted or 4-year-old well-established peach trees did not suppress (P ≤ 0.05) the population density of the ring nematode, Criconemella xenoplax, after 3 years. Furthermore, inter-planting wheat around newly planted trees reduced tree growth, perhaps the result of competition for water and (or) nutrients. Wheat root exudate was not as attractive to C. xenoplax as peach root exudate, but wheat root exudate did not repel the nematode either. Stacy wheat appeared to be more beneficial as a preplant rather than as a postplant ground cover management tool for suppressing the population density of C. xenoplax.

scholarly journals Peach Tree Vegetative and Root Growth Respond to Orchard Floor Management

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Parker ◽  
John R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bromus Mollis

Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch. `Biscoe'/Lovell) trees were grown in a sandy loam soil under six orchard floor management systems, including five vegetative covers (continuous under the tree) and a vegetation-free control (bare ground). At the end of the fifth year, trees grown in bare ground and nimblewill grass (Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel.) had a significantly larger trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) than trees grown in weedy plots, centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.], or bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). Trees grown in brome (Bromus mollis L.) did not differ significantly in TCSA from any other treatment. Soil profile excavations of the root system revealed that trees grown in bare ground or with nimblewill had significantly higher root densities than those in the weedy plots or grown with bahiagrass. Vector analysis of root distribution indicated that trees grown in bare ground or nimblewill rooted deeper than trees in all other treatments. The greatest reduction in deep rooting occurred with bahiagrass.

scholarly journals Effect of Differentiated Nitrogen Fertilization on the Enzymatic Activity of the Soil for Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. [Lam.]) Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak ◽  
Piotr Pszczółkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska ◽  
Anna Wójcikowska-Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fourth Degree

The experiment was conducted between 2015–2017 in the Research Station for Cultivar Testing in Uhnin (51°34′ N, 23°02′ E), in Luvisols developed from sandy loam soils. Soil samples for the tests of enzymatic activity were collected after the crop was harvested. The measurements included: the content of dehydrogenases, phosphatases, urease and protease, as well as total organic carbon, total nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in soil, based on standard methods. The research results point to changes in the enzymatic activity of light soil under the influence of varied nitrogen fertilization. In objects fertilized with this ingredient, the activity of the analysed enzymes was significantly higher than in the control soil, except for combinations fertilised with 150 kg ha−1 N characterised by the highest accumulation of N-NO3− in soil. The activity of dehydrogenases, phosphatases and urease changed as the nitrogen dose increased. The polynomial regression analysis enabled a better understanding of those dependences. In the case of dehydrogenases, phosphatases and urease, a third-degree curvilinear relation of enzymatic activity to nitrogen fertilisation was observed (a fourth-degree relation was found, with a coefficient R2 in those equations amounting to =0.958, 0.977, 0.979, respectively) and in the case of protease activity, a fourth-degree relation, with coefficient R2 = 0.989. However, soil acidity did not have a significant influence on either the enzymatic activity or physico-chemical characteristics of soil under the cultivation of sweet potatoes. The C:N ratio turned out to be significantly negatively related to the content of the enzymes dehydrogenase (Adh), phosphatase (AF), urease (AU) and protease (AP) as well as the content of total nitrogen, especially its ammonium form (N-NH4). The obtained results indicate the usefulness of research on enzymatic activity as an indicator of soil reaction to nitrogen fertilization and will enable maintenance of the optimal biological balance of cultivated soils.

scholarly journals Response of potato clones to planting dates in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Saroj Adhikari ◽  
Arvind Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Mohadutta Sharma ◽  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Size Tuber

A field trial was conducted to optimize the planting date and appropriate clone for ware potato production at Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan, Pokhara from October 2015 to March 2016. The trial was laid out in two factors Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. There were nine treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised of three dates of planting (30th October, 14th and 29th November) and three potato clones (Janakdev, Lbr 40 and PRP 266264.1). The results showed that the main effects of planting dates and potato clones significantly (P<0.05) affected most growth, yield and yield attributing parameters of the crop. Interaction effect of planting dates and potato clones also significantly influenced the number of above-ground stems per plant, ground cover percentage, number of tubers per plant, number and weight of small size tuber (<25 g), weight of medium or seed size (25-50 g) tuber and large size (>50 g) tuber, number and yield of tubers per plot, and yield t/ha. The highest yield (37.05 t/ha) was obtained from 14th November planting. The clone Lbr 40 produced a higher yield (36.05t/ha). The clone PRP 266264.1 planting on 30th October planting produced significantly a higher yield (41.34t/ha). The clone Lbr 40 produced significantly highest number and weight of large size (>50 g) tuber. Number of small size (<25 g) tuber per plot or unmarketable tuber significantly increased on delayed planting.

scholarly journals Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oiva Niemeläinen ◽  
Antti Hannukkala ◽  
Lauri Jauhiainen ◽  
Kaija Hakala ◽  
Markku Niskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
The North

The official variety trials at Rovaniemi, Finland (66.58°N, 26.01°E) in 1980–2017 show a substantial increase in dry matter yields (DMY) of timothy (Phleum pratense), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), coinciding with a 156 °Cd increase in the average growing season Tsum and a 461 °Cd decrease in the average winter frost sum for the same period. The annual DMY of timothy was 3128, 4668, 8385 and 9352 kg ha-1 in the periods (P) 1980–1989 (P1), 1990–1999 (P2), 2000–2009 (P3), and 2010–2017 (P4). The first cut yielded 1792, 2166, 4008 and 4473, and the second cut 1337, 2503, 4378 and 4879 kg ha-1, respectively. Yields of meadow fescue followed a similar pattern. The first cut was about ten days and the second cut about one week earlier on P4 than on P1. Shorter snow cover period, milder winters, higher live ground cover of timothy in spring, and higher temperature sum during the growing season were most likely responsible for the yield increase. The results indicate a strong impact of climate change on DMY of perennial forage crops in the north.

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