Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 3. Nutritional status of peach orchards

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece ◽  
B Barkus
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Leaf Composition

A three-year survey of the leaf composition of well-managed peach orchards was conducted in New South Wales each January from 1971 to 1973. Of the canning peach orchards surveyed, 47 per cent were deficient or low in nitrogen, 20 per cent were high in potassium, 12 per cent were low in manganese and 6 per cent were high in boron. This represented a considerable improvement over a similar survey in 1966 when comparable figures were nitrogen 83, potassium 84, manganese 33, and boron 34. Of the dessert peach orchards surveyed, 37 per cent were deficient or low in nitrogen, 36 per cent were low in potassium and 32 per cent were low in iron. A few orchards were low in manganese and zinc.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 4. Plum

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the leaf composition of Prunus domestica cv. D'Agen and P. salicina cv. Mariposa, were measured monthly during the 1971 -72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. The rate of change of leaf composition was least during January-February for D'Agen and during December-February for Mariposa. Thus, leaf composition standards should be based on January-February samples for D'Agen and December- February samples for Mariposa, and diagnostic sampling should be confined to these periods where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition of early or late samples back to January 31 levels, were calculated for D'Agen from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data. A survey of the leaf composition of well-managed orchards was also conducted each January from 1971 to 1973. Of the European prune orchards surveyed, 51 per cent were low in nitrogen, 37 per cent were low in phosphorus, 28 per cent were low in iron, 25 per cent were high in copper, 10 per cent were high in manganese and 23 per cent were high in boron. Of the Japanese plum orchards surveyed, 33 per cent were high in nitrogen, 14 per cent were high in potassium, 22 per cent were low in calcium, 18 per cent were high in copper and 15 per cent were high in manganese.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 6. Apricot

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece ◽  
Bvan den Ende
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the nutrient-element composition of leaves of 'Trevatt' apricot were measured monthly during the 1971-72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. The rate of change of leaf composition was least during January-February. Thus, leaf composition standards should be based on January- February samples and diagnostic sampling should be confined to this period where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition of early or late samples back to January 31 levels, were calculated from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data. A survey of the leaf composition of well-managed 'Trevatt' apricot orchards was conducted each January from 1971 to 1973 in New South Wales and Victoria. Percentages of orchards classified as low to deficient (-), and high to excess (+) for various nutrients were as follows : New South Wales (averages of 1971 to 1973) N -41 ; P +37; K +49; Mg +56; Fe +1 9 ; Zn -18. Victoria (averages of 1972 and 1973) N -21 and +32; K +10; Fe -35; Mn +17; Zn -20.

Leaf analysis for pear: development of standards and the nutritional status of orchards in the Goulburn Valley and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
den Ende B van ◽  
DR Leece
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
New South ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Production ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Salt Toxicity ◽  
Good Agreement

Leaf composition standards for pear trees were formulated from the literature then evaluated in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria by surveying the leaf composition of high-production orchards for two seasons (1971-72 and 1972-73). Good agreement was found between the standards and orchard leaf composition although the calcium standards required slight amendment. A concurrent survey of orchards showing symptoms of salt toxicity showed that sodium and chloride levels previously considered safe were in fact toxic and the standards were amended accordingly. The revised standards were used to evaluate the nutritional status of young and older pear blocks in the Goulburn Valley and pear blocks in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas (MIA), New South Wales. The findings for Goulburn Valley blocks were confirmed by multiple regression analysis of leaf composition and yield data.

The effect of season, stage of plant growth and leaf position on nutrient concentration in banana leaves on a krasnozem in New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner ◽  
B Barkus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Cu And Zn

At Alstonville, New South Wales, leaf position had a greater effect than season on the nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the laminae of Williams bananas growing on a krasnozem soil and sampled over a 4-year period. However, season was more important for Mg. The effect of stage of plant growth was significant but much smaller than the other influences. When sampling for leaf analysis, leaf position and plant age can be standardised, but a major problem in this investigation was unpredictable, significant changes in nutrient composition from one sampling date to another. If these results are true for other soils. the data do not allow critical levels to be applied.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 2. Seasonal changes in the leaf composition of peach

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
New South ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the nutrient-element composition of leaves of peach cvs. Golden Queen, Gaum6, and Halehaven were measured monthly during the 1971 -72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. For all cultivars, the rate of change of leaf composition was least during January and February. Thus leaf composition standards should be based on January-February samples and diagnostic sampling should be confined to this period where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition November, December and March samples back to January 31 levels were calculated from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data.

Who Goes to Preschool?

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
P. R. De Lacey ◽  
A. R. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Similar Survey

In a survey of preschools in the Illawarra district of New South Wales, extensions and other changes in both preschool facilities and preschool clientèle are revealed, by comparison with a similar survey seven years earlier. The families of the clientèle are identified in terms of measures of socioeconomic and educational status and country of origin. Changes in patterns of clientèle are reported, and recommendations concerning the appropriateness of early childhood educational programs are offered, with reference to a pragmatic-deficit hypothesis.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 5. Sweet cherry

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
New South ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the nutrient-element composition of leaves of 'St. Margaret' cherry were measured monthly during the 1971-72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. The rate of change of leaf composition was least during January-February. Thus, leaf composition standards should be based on January- February samples and diagnostic sampling should be confined to this period where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition of early or late samples back to January 31 levels were calculated from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data. A survey of the leaf composition of well-managed orchards was conducted each January from 1971 to 1973. Nutrients were found to be low or deficient in the following percentages of the orchards surveyed : nitrogen 37; phosphorus 31 ; potassium 37; calcium 25; iron 43; and zinc 62. High levels of copper were found in 9 per cent and of manganese in 15 per cent of the orchards.

Pheromone-trapping ofCarpophilusspp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in stone fruit orchards near Gosford, New South Wales: Fauna, seasonality and effect of insecticides

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G James ◽  
Richard J Faulder ◽  
Beverley Vogele ◽  
Christopher J Moore
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Development of a leaf sampling technique and leaf standards for kiwifruit in New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Sampling

The nutrient composition of foliage from mature vines of the kiwifruit varieties, Hayward and Bruno was monitored monthly over 3 consecutive growing seasons in an orchard on the central coast of New South Wales. Within a season, concentrations of N (5.07-2.74%), P (1.0-0.44%), K (3.29-1.95%) and Zn (36-19 mg/kg) in the first leaf after the fruit generally declined while concentrations of Ca (1.4 1 - 4.21%), Mg(0.28-0.50%) and Mn (151-275 mg/kg) increased. Leaf composition was relatively stable in February and this is proposed as a suitable standard sampling time for leaf analysis in New South Wales. Only minor differences in nutrient composition were found between the first leaf and other potential index leaves remaining on shoots at this time. Using this leaf sampling procedure, commercial kiwifruit orchards in New South Wales were surveyed over 3 consecutive seasons. The applicability of the New Zealand leaf analysis standards for use in New South Wales was assessed by comparing the predicted and actual performance of orchards in the survey. Where unreasonable divergence between the two was noted the standards were amended to make them more relevant to field conditions in New South Wales.

Revised diagnostic leaf nutrient standards for macadamia growing in Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
I. Vimpany
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Canopy Position

Leaf nutrient analyses are widely used to determine the nutritional status of macadamia orchards. A commercial database was developed from 2186 observations collected from 186 farms across 56 geographical areas spanning New South Wales and Queensland. The data were collected over 10 years, with 1 to 9 sequential annual observations on each farm. An experimental database was also developed where several of the most popular commercial cultivars growing in the Lismore area of New South Wales and the Bundaberg area of Queensland were sampled at monthly intervals over a 2–3 year period. Two canopy sampling heights were used to confirm the effect of shading (irradiance) on leaf nutrient composition. This latter study confirmed that spring was an appropriate time to sample and that irradiated leaves, usually located in an upper canopy position, should be sampled. The most important change to the recommended leaf nutrient standards was the increase in the leaf nitrogen range from 1.3–1.4% to 1.4–1.7% for all cultivars except 344, where we recommend 1.6–2.0%. The study also confirmed that the adequate concentration range for zinc should be much lower than originally recommended. We recommend concentrations of 6–15 mg/kg. Minor changes were made to most other macro- and micronutrients. We also advise caution when interpreting the analyses of some nutrients because concentrations can change over the spring period. The revised leaf nutrient standards were developed from two large and comprehensive databases and reliably represent adequate leaf nutrient concentrations in productive, well-managed macadamia orchards in Australia. A single leaf analysis will not reliably indicate the nutritional status of a macadamia orchard. Additional information is required on trends in leaf and soil analyses over time as well as fertiliser, yield and management history.

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