Seed production and its components in bred populations and cultivars of winter-green Setaria sphacelata at two levels of applied nitrogen fertiliser

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Inflorescence Length ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Seed production of 2 experimental winter- green varieties of Setaria sphacelata, EHB (released as cv. Solander) and EHC, was compared with the winter-green cv. Narok in a split-plot experiment with 2 levels of applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser. The experiment continued for 3 years (6 harvests), and 3 subharvests at 1-2-week intervals were taken at each major harvest to allow for possible phenological differences between varieties. Total numbers of basal tillers, and of basal and aerial tillers with inflorescences, were counted at each harvest. Ripe and shedding inflorescences were counted, dried, and threshed by hand, and the seed was sieved and aspirated. The aspirated seed was stored for 6 months, the percentage of spikelets containing caryopses was evaluated, and samples were germinated in petri dishes. Aspirated seed yields of Solander were mostly 50-100% higher than those of Narok, except where yields were generally low, associated with low levels of applied N, and in later harvests of the experiment. All 3 entries showed a progressive decrease in seed production over time, and no consistent phenological difference was apparent. The improved seed production of Solander was associated with a markedly higher tiller fertility, lower basal tiller density, and slightly longer inflorescences. Germination percentage of Solander was consistently lower than that of Narok, and it was postulated that this was due to a higher level of seed dormancy. Nitrogen fertiliser had a marked positive effect on seed production, inflorescence numbers, tiller fertility, basal tiller density, and inflorescence length in all populations.

Experimental studies on seed production of tropical grasses in Kenya. 5. The effect of time of nitrogen top dressing on seed crops of Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Effects of date of applying top-dressings of N to early-season and late-season seed crops of Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi were studied in 4 trials in 1967-71. Highest seed yields were obtained when N was applied as soon as possible after the onset of the rainy season; a delay of 4 weeks reduced yields of pure germinating seed by >60%. Total yields of herbage DM and number of heads were also reduced, but to a lesser extent; the main adverse effect was on seed set/head. In late-season crops, applying N 2 weeks after the earliest possible date proved beneficial in 2 out of 3 years. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Influence of applied nitrogen on vegetative, reproductive, and aerial tiller densities in Lolium perenne L. during the establishment year

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

The influence of applied nitrogen (N) (120-720 kg/ha · year) on Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) vegetative, reproductive, and aerial tiller densities was monitored during the establishment year under grazing. Total (vegetative, reproductive, and aerial) tiller densities ranged from 3500 tillers/m2 (at 120 kg N/ha · year) during April 1994 to 17 800 tillers/m2 (at 600 kg N/ha · year) during August 1994. Increasing levels of N (up to 360 kg N/ha · year) increased total tiller density. Reproductive tillers were observed in November and December 1993 and ranged from 6 (at 600 kg N/ha · year) to 27 (at 480 kg N/ha · year) tillers/m2. Nitrogen levels above 240 kg/ha · year promoted reproductive tiller development, whereas levels above 600 kg/ha · year depressed reproductive tiller development. Since the low reproductive tiller densities resulted from frequent intensive grazing, little practical importance can be attached to these results. Aerial tiller densities ranged from 12 (at 480 kg N/ha · year) in January to 487 (at 720 kg N/ha · year) tillers/m2 in September 1994. Increasing levels of applied N increased aerial tiller density, whereas at low levels (120 and 240 kg N/ha · year) aerial tillering was negligible.

Seedling survival, yield and seed production of three species of annual medics exposed to lucerne aphids

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
LR Greenup
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survival Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Field Plots

The effects of spotted alfalfa aphids and blue-green aphids on the seedling survival, yield and seed production of Medicago truncatula var. truncatula cultivars Cyprus and Jemalong, M. polymorpha var. vulgaris and M. minima var. minima were investigated in field plots to which three insecticide treatments were applied: sprayed continuously to the post-flowering and haying-off stage; sprayed only until flowering ; and unsprayed. In the unsprayed plots all four medics were suitable hosts for both aphid species. The highest number of blue-green aphids developed on M. truncatula cv. Cyprus and the highest number of spotted alfalfa aphids on M. polymorpha var. vulgaris. Aphid numbers were relatively low from emergence to establishment and had no effect on the seedling mortalities of the medics in the unsprayed plots. The relatively low aphid numbers through winter also had no effect on dry matter production, but as numbers of both species increased in the spring the mean yields from all the unsprayed plots at successive harvests in September, October and November were reduced by 50, 54 and 55%, respectively. Flowering commenced in M. truncatula cv. Cyprus, M, polymorpha and M. minima before aphid numbers were high enough to reduce herbage yields in the unsprayed plots. However, M. truncatula cv. Jemalong flowered 10-1 4 days after the other medics, and its seed yields from the unsprayed plots were significantly lower than those of M. truncatula cv. Cyprus. The germination percentage of seed produced in the unsprayed plots of M, polymorpha was significantly lower than that of the other unsprayed medics.

Increase Longleaf Pine Seed Yields by Inhibiting Conelet Abortion

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A single foliar spray with either antiethylene compounds or cytokinins shortly after anthesis reduced conelet abortion by half and doubled seed production. Spraying with boric acid plus Cytex® , a relatively economical form of cytokinin derived from seaweed, was equally effective,and addition of certain antiethylene compounds further improved seed yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):6-9.

scholarly journals Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion and Digital Payment: The Case of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Tran Hung Son ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Liem ◽  
Nguyen Vinh Khuong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Intermediary ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Digital Transactions ◽  
Positive Effect

The study provides an overview of mobile money account usage, financial inclusion and digital payment transaction trends in Vietnam, and considers the factors influencing these trends. In general, the rates of using mobile money service and account ownership at financial intermediaries in Vietnam are still low, and other indicators of digital transactions suggest low levels compared to those of countries with low- and middle- income as well as to the world averages. The research also shows that owning an account at a financial intermediary facilitates the use of mobile money. This is a positive trend, at least compared to the situation in some African countries. Finally, having an account at a financial intermediary and using mobile money services generally have a positive effect on the participation in non-cash transactions.

Effect of burr burial on seed production of Trifolium subterraneaum subsp. brachycalycinum and other annual legumes

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
WJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Seed Yields

On sandy soil near Esperance, W.A., prevention of burr burial compared with covering developing burrs with sand drastically reduced the seed production of three subspp. of Trifolium subterraneum (brachycalycinum, subterraneum and yanninicum) and of T. israeliticum by reducing burr production and seed weight. However, T. globosum produced similar amounts of seed from unburied and buried burrs. On sandy soil at Shenton Park, Perth, W.A., prevention of burr burial also reduced seed production of T. subterraneum subspp. brachycalycinum and subterraneum, this being due to fewer burrs, fewer seeds per burr and lighter seed. For subsp. brachycalycinum, seed yields were two to five times greater from burrs which developed within loose gravel than from those developed over sand (in which fewer burrs were able to bury) as a result of increased production of burrs, more seeds per burr and heavier seed. However, for subsp. subterraneum seed yields were similar from burrs whether developed over gravel or sand.

Evaluation of pasture legumes sown into a prepared seedbed at Tamworth, New South Wales. 2. Seed production and seed reserves

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Medicago Scutellata ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Seed Yields

Plots sown in 1983 were used to examine the seed production and reserves (residual hardseeds) of 15 annual legumes over 5 years at Tamworth in northern New South Wales. Seed production characteristics were measured in 1983 for these annuals, and for 6 perennial legumes. After the annuals had set seed in 1983, an area of the plots was sprayed to prevent flowering in subsequent years, and the rates of decline in seed reserves were compared with those from areas that seeded annually. Seed yields of the perennials were often significantly lower than those of the annuals except Trifolium glomeratum. Seed yields of T. subterraneum var. subterraneum cvv. Seaton Park and Woogenellup were significantly higher than those of cv. Nungarin and T. subterrarzeum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare. Seed numbers were lowest for Medicago scutellata cv. Sava among the annual medics, and for Nungarin among subterranean clovers. There was little relationship between the mean number of seeds produced from 1983-86 and maturity grading, and between seed numbers and relative dry matter yield. Seed reserves decreased over 5 years by more than 90% in the sprayed treatments of all species. This decrease was not continuous, with the largest declines occurring from December 1983 to August 1984. In the sprayed treatments of Seaton Park, Woogenellup, and Clare, and in both treatments of Astragalus hamosus cv. Ioman, Vicia dasycarpa var. villosa cv. Namoi, and T. hirtum cv. Hykon, none of the original 1983 seed was recovered in 1987. For the annual medics and Nungarin, the number of residual hardseeds in the sprayed treatments in 1987 was about 3-5% of the seed produced in 1983. From 1983 to 1987, seed numbers in the unsprayed treatments declined by 7040% for the annual medics and by 85-95% for Seaton Park, Woogenellup, and Clare. Long-term persistence of annual medics and Nungarin depended on seed production in most years and the maintenance of a high number of residual hardseeds in the soil. In contrast, the mid- and late-maturing subterranean clovers Woogenellup and Clare had low seed reserves and were dependent on seed production in most years for their continued regeneration.

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

scholarly journals Effects of soil characteristics and spring management on the persistence of 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass

1990 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
C.J. Boom ◽  
G.W. Sheath
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Tiller Density

'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass was direct drilled into easy hill county at Whatawhata Research Centre. Establishment was excellent, but persistence was poor in most paddocks after 2 years. Site conditions associated with a range of Matua populations were surveyed. Matua population decline was greatest during spring. Spring soil nitrogen levels were associated with persistence, implying that nitrogen application in late winter may enhance persistence. In a trial to assess the effect of spring management on tillering patterns, seed production and seedling vigour, October closing resulted in the highest seed production, seed vigour and highest tiller density after herbage removal. It is proposed that a springsummer hay making policy will enhance the vigour of the existing population and provide adequate reseeding for new plant recruitment. Keywords Matua, persistence, soil survey, nitrogen, tiller density, closing date

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