Describing and modelling ozone-dependent variation in flavonoid content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bergamo) leaves: a particular dose - response relationship analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Kanoun ◽  
Philippe Goulas ◽  
Jean-Philippe Biolley
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the ozone-dependent variation in the amount of a flavonoid accumulated by bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Bergamo). The phenolic response was modelled with special regard to different ozone exposure indexes. Using open-top chamber technology, six atmospheres of increasing ozone concentration were tested. Four successive harvests were carried out during a 33-d experiment. Primary and first trifoliate leaves were collected. Visible foliar injuries were recorded and the quantification of an ozone-responsive flavonoid was achieved by HPLC. Ozone significantly increased the amount of kaempferol glucuronide, which normally decreased with leaf ageing. Depending on the leaf type, this increase occurred either before or after the appearance of visible foliar damage. A linear regression could account for the ozone dose–phenolic response relationship. However, with respect to leaf type, the agreement between the model and observed values was influenced by the way in which ozone dose was calculated. Among the ozone exposure indexes tested, only the index with the highest threshold (AOT60) was appropriate to make the phenolic response linear in the case of primary leaves while in the case of first trifoliate leaves, this index always displayed the poorest adjustment compared with SUM00, SUM60, and AOT40 indexes. The study of the relationship suggests that sensitivity to ozone could be dependent on leaf type.

Underestimation of Dose - Response Relationship with Particular Reference to the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Mercury and its Concentration in Blood

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sherlock ◽  
M.J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Blood Mercury ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blood Mercury Concentration

Wide discrepancies have been observed between controlled and uncontrolled intake studies of the relationship of blood mercury concentration to intake of mercury. The probable reason for the apparent discrepancies is that the within-subject variation of mercury intake in the uncontrolled studies was almost certainly considerably larger than the within-subject variation in blood mercury concentration; in these circumstances, the apparent slope obtained from a linear regression of blood mercury on intake will invariably be much smaller than the true slope. Studies of the exposure or intake of any substance should therefore include a consideration of the likely within-subject variation in the exposure or intake relative to that in the effect.

scholarly journals Association of psychiatric comorbidities with the risk of transport accidents in ADHD and MPH

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Liu ◽  
Vincent Chin-Hung Chen ◽  
Yao-Hsu Yang ◽  
Yi-Lung Chen ◽  
Michael Gossop
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transport Accidents

Abstract Aims Although the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and transport accidents has been shown, there is limited information on the relationship between medication and dose–response effects and transport accident risk. This study aims to determine whether young people with ADHD, including adolescents, are more prone to transport accidents than those without, and the extent to which methylphenidate (MPH) prescription in these patients reduces the risk. Methods We identified 114 486 patients diagnosed with ADHD from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2013. Using a Cox regression model, we compared the risk of transport accidents between ADHD and non-ADHD groups and estimated the effect of MPH on accidents. Furthermore, we applied a self-control case-series analysis to compare the risk of accidents during the medication periods with the same patients' non-medication periods. Results Male ADHD patients had a higher risk of transport accidents than non-ADHD individuals (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.24, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.39]), especially for those comorbid with epilepsy, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), and intellectual disabilities (ID). Female ADHD patients showed no relationship, except for comorbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ID. We found a reduced risk of transport accidents in patients with ADHD with MPH medication than those without MPH, with a plausible dose–response relationship (aHR of 0.23 to 0.07). A similar pattern was found in self-controlled case-series analysis. Conclusions Male patients with ADHD, especially those comorbid with epilepsy, ODD/CD, or ID, were at high risk of transport accidents. Female patients, when comorbid with ASD or ID, also exhibited a higher risk of accidents. MPH treatment lowered the accident risk with a dose–response relationship.

Out of gas: quantifying fatigue in MLB relievers

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Kyle Burris ◽  
Jacob Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical Model ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract As relief pitcher usage in Major League Baseball has spiked in recent years, optimal bullpen decision-making has become increasingly vital for team managers. Throughout the season, managers must be mindful to avoid overusing their most talented relievers, due to the risks of injury and ineffectiveness. Despite the substantial amount of attention given to pitcher arm health and injury prevention, the effect of workload on pitcher fatigue is poorly understood. As a result, many of these overuse decisions are driven by feel and intuition. In this paper, we borrow ideas from toxicology to provide a framework for estimating the effect of recent workload on short-term reliever effectiveness, as measured by fastball velocity. Treating a thrown pitch as a fatigue-inducing “toxin” administered to a player’s arm, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the pitcher-level dose-response relationship, the rate of recovery, and the relationship between pitch count and fatigue. Based on the model, we find that the rate of reliever fatigue rises with increasing pitch count. When relief pitchers throw more than 15 pitches in an appearance, they are expected to suffer small, short-term velocity decreases in future games; upon crossing the 20 pitch threshold, this dip is further amplified. For each day that passes after the appearance, we estimate that the effect on a player’s velocity is cut roughly in half. Finally, we identify the relievers most affected by fatigue, along with those most resilient to its effects.

The relationship between ozone insensitivity, lipid-soluble antioxidants, and superoxide dismutase in Phaseolus vulgaris

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2686-2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. McKersie ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Ozone Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Ozone insensitivity was assessed by three methods (visual rating, leakage of amino acids, and leakage of total electrolytes from leaf discs), and related to the levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants and superoxide dismutase activity in the primary leaves of different ages and of different cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The most sensitive indicator of ozone injury was visual rating. The increased variability associated with measurements of amino acid or total electrolyte leakage masked differences among cultivars which could be detected by visual rating. The correlations among the three measures of injury were high. Ozone tolerance of the primary leaf decreased between 8 and 18 days after planting and varied significantly among the 10 cultivars tested. Similarly, significant differences in lipid-soluble antioxidant content and superoxide dismutase activity were measured, but a correlation with ozone insensitivity was not established. Exposure to 20 pphm ozone for 24 h induced higher quantities of lipid-soluble antioxidant in the susceptible cv. Seafarer but not in the tolerant cv. Goldcrop. Superoxide dismutase increased similarly in both cultivars. The physiological mechanism of ozone insensitivity in the primary leaves of these cultivars of P. vulgaris was not shown to involve increased levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants or superoxide dismutase.

Relationship of leaf parameters with genetic ozone insensitivity in selected Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf ◽  
B. D. McKersie
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Ozone Sensitivity ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leaf Parameters

The relationship of ozone-induced foliar injury (ozone sensitivity) with several leaf characteristics including stomatal frequency, stomatal closure in the presence of ozone (O3), and trichome densities (abaxial and adaxial) was evaluated for a diverse group of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars. Differences were observed among cultivars for ozone sensitivity and leaf parameters including stomatal frequency, trichome density, and stomatal closure in the presence of O3. Although significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among the cultivars for stomatal frequency and trichome densities existed, no consistent pattern between insensitive and sensitive cultivars was observed. Ozone-sensitive genotypes responded to 40 parts per hundred million O3 with similar or greater stomatal closure than the more insensitive genotypes, indicating that stomatal closure was not a primary mechanism for O3 insensitivity among the cultivars evaluated.

scholarly journals Oral Artesunate Dose-Response Relationship in Acute Falciparum Malaria

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Angus ◽  
Itaporn Thaiaporn ◽  
Kenechanh Chanthapadith ◽  
Yupin Suputtamongkol ◽  
Nicholas J. White
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The combination of an oral artemisinin derivative (usually artesunate) and mefloquine has become standard treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in several parts of Southeast Asia. The doses of artesunate used in monotherapy and combination treatment have largely been derived empirically. In order to characterize the in vivo dose-response relationship for artesunate and thus rationalize dosing, 47 adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and parasitemia ≥1% were randomized to receive a single oral dose of artesunate varying between 0 and 250 mg together with a curative dose of oral mefloquine. Acceleration of parasite clearance was used as the pharmacodynamic variable. An inhibitory sigmoidal maximum effect (E max) pharmacodynamic model typical of a dose-response curve was fitted to the relationship between dose and shortening of parasite clearance time (PCT). The E max was estimated as 28.6 oral h, and the 50% effective concentration was 1.6 mg/kg of body weight. These results imply that there is no reduction in PCTs with the use of single doses of artesunate higher than 2 mg/kg, and this therefore reflects the average lower limit of the maximally effective dose.

scholarly journals The level of bilirubin and the risk of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of real-world studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Xiaofei Ye ◽  
Fangchen Liu ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Bilirubin, a marker of hepatic and hematological diseases in clinical practice, is not only a waste end-product but also an antioxidant that may protect against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the serum total bilirubin (TBIL) level and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, markedly elevated TBIL levels may exert neurotoxic effects. Based on this, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between blood TBIL and IS as well as between TBIL and all types of stroke (AS) in the physiological range of bilirubin.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to March 2019. Additional studies were identified by reviewing references and contacting authors. Categorical and dose-response meta-analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between TBIL and IS. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke, and the secondary outcome was all types of stroke.Results: Nine observational studies (seven publications) involving 110,032 participants and 3710 stroke cases were included for analysis. The average OR of IS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TBIL level was 0.978 (95% CI: 0.957–0.999). The summary OR of AS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TBIL level was 0.974 (95% CI: 0.956–0.992). Subgroup analysis based on gender showed a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TBIL level and IS or AS in males, but not in females.Conclusions: The present study found a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TBIL level and the risk of IS or AS within physiologic range of serum TBIL in males. Moderately elevated blood TBIL levels might be associated with a diminished prevalence of IS. Every 1 µmol/L increment in serum TBIL level was associated with a 2.2% decrease in the risk of IS and a 2.6% decrease in the risk of AS. However, due to the limitations in the number of included studies and their quality, large-scaled prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the conclusion of the current analysis.Trial registration: This study was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd. york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/[CRD42017075988]).

Efferent role of ADH in CNS-induced natriuresis

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (1) ◽  
pp. F32-F38
Author(s):  
E. T. Pierce ◽  
R. J. Grekin ◽  
D. R. Mouw
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Relationship

Ventriculocisternal perfusion (VCP) of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Renal function was studied in protocols consisting of a 1-h experimental period in which the animals received either CSF with an elevated sodium concentration (300 mM, high Na) via VCP or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) intravenously, bracketed by 1-h control and recovery periods. High Na VCP caused an increase in plasma ADH measured by radioimmunoassay (to 176% of control) that coincided with a natriuresis (to 180% of control). In a second set of experiments, these changes in endogenous ADH were mimicked experimentally with intravenous infusions of synthetic ADH in animals receiving continuous VCP with normal sodium artificial CSF. The dose-response relationship between log ADH and urinary sodium excretion for the intravenous ADH experiments was not different from the relationship for those experiments in which ADH was elevated as a consequence of high Na VCP. These results suggest that ADH causes part, if not all, the natriuresis induced by high Na VCP.

scholarly journals Potensi yogurt kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L) ditinjau dari sifat organoleptik, kandungan protein, lemak dan flavonoid

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Natalia Desy Putriningtyas ◽  
Siti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Test Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Background:   Yogurt is one of fermented milk products. Yogurt can also be made from red beans milk (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Red beans milk has a better taste and flavor compared to the other legumes. Red beans are a good source of complex carbohydrates, protein, vitamin B, iron, calcium,phosphorus and also rich in fiber and flavonoids. Red beans yogurt is one of the innovations of fermented red beans products. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the differences of red beans yogurt on organoleptic properties, protein, lipid and flavonoid contents. Methods: The study was held in February- September 2017 at Microbiology Laboratory of Center for Food and Nutrition, Gadjah Mada University and Dietetic and Culinary Laboratory of Respati University, Yogyakarta. The study was experimental design using Completely Randomized research Design (CRD) with four treatments, each replicated two times. The formulation of yogurt were A (control from cow milk and 2% skim milk); B (red beans and 2% skim milk); C (red beans and skim milk with comparison 1:0.5); D (red beans and skim milk with comparison 1:1). Hedonic scale test form was used for measuring organoleptic properties, such as flavor, taste, texture, colour and overall organoleptic properties. Hedonic level was done by twenty semi trained panelist. The difference of organoleptic properties were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and continued by Mann Whitney U test. Results: Flavor, color, taste,and texture and overall organoleptic properties between groups were significantly different; p=0.001 respectively. The protein, lipid and flavonoid content between groups were not significantly different; p= 0.083; 0.919; 0.083 respectively. Yogurt C was preferable with a ratio of skim milk to red beans of 1:0.5. The highest protein and fat content was found in yogurt D. The highest flavonoid was found in yogurt C.  Conclusion: There were no differences in protein, lipid and flavonoid content but different in organoleptic properties.

Breeding for protein percentage and seed weight in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Polignano
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThree successive generations (parents, F1, F2) and backcrosses of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hybrid between the cultivars Swedish Brown and Seafarer were used in this study.The investigation has concentrated on assessing the relationship between the seed weight per plant and the protein percentage of the seed. Protein percentage showed a higher estimated heritability and a greater stability over environments than seed weight.Partial dominance for low percentage protein and low seed weight was noted. Negative and low regression coefficients between these two characters was also observed.SDS-gel electrophoresis was used to examine the variation in banding patterns of total seed polypeptides and their stability over environments.

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