Relationship of leaf parameters with genetic ozone insensitivity in selected Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf ◽  
B. D. McKersie
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Ozone Sensitivity ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leaf Parameters

The relationship of ozone-induced foliar injury (ozone sensitivity) with several leaf characteristics including stomatal frequency, stomatal closure in the presence of ozone (O3), and trichome densities (abaxial and adaxial) was evaluated for a diverse group of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars. Differences were observed among cultivars for ozone sensitivity and leaf parameters including stomatal frequency, trichome density, and stomatal closure in the presence of O3. Although significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among the cultivars for stomatal frequency and trichome densities existed, no consistent pattern between insensitive and sensitive cultivars was observed. Ozone-sensitive genotypes responded to 40 parts per hundred million O3 with similar or greater stomatal closure than the more insensitive genotypes, indicating that stomatal closure was not a primary mechanism for O3 insensitivity among the cultivars evaluated.

scholarly journals Evidence of Ozone-Induced Visible Foliar Injury in Hong Kong Using Phaseolus Vulgaris as a Bioindicator

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Leung ◽  
Jacky Y. S. Pang ◽  
Amos P. K. Tai ◽  
Timothy Lam ◽  
Donald K. C. Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Ozone Sensitivity ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

(1) Background: Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with millions of people exposed to severe air pollution. Surface ozone, mostly produced photochemically from anthropogenic precursor gases, is harmful to both humans and vegetation. The phytotoxicity of ozone has been shown to damage plant photosynthesis, induce early leaf death, and retard growth. (2) Methods: We use genotypes of bush bean Phaseolus vulgaris with various degrees of sensitivity to ozone to investigate the impacts of ambient ozone on the morphology and development of the beans. We use ozone-induced foliar injury index and measure the flowering and fruit production to quantify the ozone stress on the plants. (3) Results: We expected that the ozone-sensitive genotype would suffer from a reduction of yield. Results, however, show that the ozone-sensitive genotype suffers higher ozone-induced foliar damage as expected but produces more pods and beans and heavier beans than the ozone-resistant genotype. (4) Conclusions: It is postulated that the high ozone sensitivity of the sensitive genotype causes stress-induced flowering, and therefore results in higher bean yield. A higher than ambient concentration of ozone is needed to negatively impact the yield production of the ozone-sensitive genotype. Meanwhile, ozone-induced foliar damage shows a graduated scale of damage pattern that can be useful for indicating ozone levels. This study demonstrates the usefulness of bioindicators to monitor the phytotoxic effects of ozone pollution in a subtropical city such as Hong Kong.

The relationship between ozone insensitivity, lipid-soluble antioxidants, and superoxide dismutase in Phaseolus vulgaris

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2686-2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. McKersie ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Ozone Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Ozone insensitivity was assessed by three methods (visual rating, leakage of amino acids, and leakage of total electrolytes from leaf discs), and related to the levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants and superoxide dismutase activity in the primary leaves of different ages and of different cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The most sensitive indicator of ozone injury was visual rating. The increased variability associated with measurements of amino acid or total electrolyte leakage masked differences among cultivars which could be detected by visual rating. The correlations among the three measures of injury were high. Ozone tolerance of the primary leaf decreased between 8 and 18 days after planting and varied significantly among the 10 cultivars tested. Similarly, significant differences in lipid-soluble antioxidant content and superoxide dismutase activity were measured, but a correlation with ozone insensitivity was not established. Exposure to 20 pphm ozone for 24 h induced higher quantities of lipid-soluble antioxidant in the susceptible cv. Seafarer but not in the tolerant cv. Goldcrop. Superoxide dismutase increased similarly in both cultivars. The physiological mechanism of ozone insensitivity in the primary leaves of these cultivars of P. vulgaris was not shown to involve increased levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants or superoxide dismutase.

The incidence of bacterial blights of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in East Gippsland, Victoria

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
DLS Wimalajeewa ◽  
RJ Nancarrow
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The incidence of common blight, halo blight and brown spot on French beans was surveyed in the Bairnsdale-Lindenow and Orbost areas in East Gippsland during the 1975-76 and 1976-77 growing seasons. Common blight and halo blight were severe only during late January to March, and occurred largely on mature crops. Common blight was the more severe disease in the Orbost area whereas halo blight was more severe in the Bairnsdale-Lindenow area. Brown spot occurred throughout the season on crops of all ages in both areas but was more severe in the Bairnsdale-Lindenow area. The relationship of weather to the incidence of bacterial blights in the two areas is discussed. It is inferred that losses due to common blight and halo blight could be considerably minimized by timing the planting of crops to harvest them by mid-February.

A flux-based assessment of the effects of ozone on foliar injury, photosynthesis, and yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Borlotto Nano Lingua di Fuoco) in open-top chambers

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 1727-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Gerosa ◽  
Riccardo Marzuoli ◽  
Micol Rossini ◽  
Cinzia Panigada ◽  
Michele Meroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Open Top Chambers

A DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SELECTING OZONE-INSENSITIVE WHITE BEANS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. MICHAELS
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Digital Method ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ozone Sensitivity ◽  
Pixel Brightness

Rating ozone damage in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) requires visual estimation by experienced evaluators. The objective of this study was to determine whether an alternative digital method based on the mean and standard deviation of pixel brightness values from the video image of a leaf could rapidly and reliably measure ozone sensitivity of white bean breeding lines. Fourteen-day-old seedlings of 35 breeding lines and six parental cultivars were exposed to controlled fumigation with 0.20 μL L−1 ozone for 6 h during each of 4 d in growth chambers. On day 5, injury of the two unifoliolate leaves was evaluated using the digital method and visual estimates of damaged leaf area. The standard deviation of pixel brightness values was significantly correlated with the percentage damaged leaf area estimates (r = 0.68). The digital and visual methods identified most of the same breeding lines as ozone-insensitive, but disagreed on the ranking of the ozone-sensitive lines.Key words: Bean (common), Phaseolus vulgaris L., ozone, video image analysis, selection

Breeding for protein percentage and seed weight in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Polignano
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThree successive generations (parents, F1, F2) and backcrosses of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hybrid between the cultivars Swedish Brown and Seafarer were used in this study.The investigation has concentrated on assessing the relationship between the seed weight per plant and the protein percentage of the seed. Protein percentage showed a higher estimated heritability and a greater stability over environments than seed weight.Partial dominance for low percentage protein and low seed weight was noted. Negative and low regression coefficients between these two characters was also observed.SDS-gel electrophoresis was used to examine the variation in banding patterns of total seed polypeptides and their stability over environments.

Describing and modelling ozone-dependent variation in flavonoid content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bergamo) leaves: a particular dose - response relationship analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Kanoun ◽  
Philippe Goulas ◽  
Jean-Philippe Biolley
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the ozone-dependent variation in the amount of a flavonoid accumulated by bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Bergamo). The phenolic response was modelled with special regard to different ozone exposure indexes. Using open-top chamber technology, six atmospheres of increasing ozone concentration were tested. Four successive harvests were carried out during a 33-d experiment. Primary and first trifoliate leaves were collected. Visible foliar injuries were recorded and the quantification of an ozone-responsive flavonoid was achieved by HPLC. Ozone significantly increased the amount of kaempferol glucuronide, which normally decreased with leaf ageing. Depending on the leaf type, this increase occurred either before or after the appearance of visible foliar damage. A linear regression could account for the ozone dose–phenolic response relationship. However, with respect to leaf type, the agreement between the model and observed values was influenced by the way in which ozone dose was calculated. Among the ozone exposure indexes tested, only the index with the highest threshold (AOT60) was appropriate to make the phenolic response linear in the case of primary leaves while in the case of first trifoliate leaves, this index always displayed the poorest adjustment compared with SUM00, SUM60, and AOT40 indexes. The study of the relationship suggests that sensitivity to ozone could be dependent on leaf type.

scholarly journals PARASITISME HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) TERHADAP LALAT PENGOROK DAUN LIRIOMYZA HUIDOBRENSIS (BLANCHARD) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) PADA TANAMAN KACANG ENDUL (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) DI CILOTO, JAWA BARAT

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Purnomo Purnomo ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
Soemartono Sosromarsono
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
West Java ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Percentage Parasitism ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
The Relationship

Parasitism of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on leafminer fly Liriomyza huidobrensis  (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on  kacang endul  (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)  in Ciloto, West Java.  The objective of this research was to elucidate the  relationship between leafminer and its parasitoid abundants. The research was conducted in Ciloto (Cianjur), West Java in 1999. The miner infested leaves of kacang endul were collected and placed in plastic  bowls.  The emerged parasitoids from those leaves were counted.  The result indicated that the level of parasitism of H. varicornis during the plant growth stage ranged from 39 to 50%.  The  perfect density dependent between percentage parasitism and the leafminer abundance was experimentally proved.

scholarly journals A continuum of stomatal responses to water deficits among 17 wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Levin ◽  
Larry E. Williams ◽  
Mark A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Stomatal Conductance

Vitis vinifera L. cultivars have been previously classified as isohydric, near-isohydric, anisohydric or isohydrodynamic, depending on the study. To test the hypothesis that V. vinifera cultivars’ stomatal behaviour can be separated into distinct classes, 17 cultivars grown in a replicated field trial were subjected to three irrigation treatments to manipulate vine water status across multiple years. Predawn (ΨPD) and midday (Ψl) leaf water potential and midday stomatal conductance (gs) were measured regularly throughout several seasons. The relationship of gs to Ψl was best modelled as a sigmoidal function and maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), water status at the onset of stomatal closure (Ψl95), sensitivity of closure (gsensitivity) and water status at the end of closure (Ψl25) were compared. There were no significant differences in gmax among cultivars. Cultivar-specific responses of gs to Ψl were broadly distributed along a continuum based on the relationship between Ψl95 and gsensitivity. Season-long cultivar mean Ψl values were positively related to Ψl25. In general, cultivars responded similarly to one another at high and low water status, but their stomatal behaviour differed at moderate water deficits. The results show that V. vinifera cultivars possess both iso- and anisohydric stomatal behaviours that depend on the intensity of water deficits, and call into question previous classifications assuming a single behaviour.

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