Cytokinin flows from Hordeum vulgare to the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor and the influence of infection on host and parasite cytokinins relations

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Sveta Veselova ◽  
Dima Veselov ◽  
Guzel Kudoyarova ◽  
W. Dieter Jeschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Root Hemiparasite ◽  
Xylem Flow ◽  
Rhinanthus Minor ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Using the facultative root hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor L. and Hordeum vulgare L. as a host, the flows, depositions and metabolism of zeatin-type cytokinins [zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), zeatin nucleotide (ZN)] within the host, the parasite and between host and parasite have been studied during the period 41–54 d after planting (i.e. ~30–43 d after successful attachment of the parasite to the host). Parasitism decreased the synthesis of Z in the root (by 57%) and decreased xylem flows (by 56%) and metabolism (by 71%) in leaf laminae. However, phloem flows of Z were increased by 3-fold in the host barley. The deposition of Z in the roots of Rhinanthus and the flows in xylem and phloem were increased by 20, 12, 29-fold, respectively, after successfully attaching to the host barley. However, net biosynthesis of Z in Rhinanthus roots decreased by 35% after attachment. This indicates that a large portion (70%) of xylem flow of Z in attached Rhinanthus was extracted from the host. In singly growing Rhinanthus plants, the balance of Z deposition in the shoot was negative (i.e. Z was metabolised and exported back to root in the phloem). Xylem flows and deposition of ZR and ZN showed comparable quantitative changes after attachment. A significant deposition of Z, ZR and ZN was detected in the haustoria of the Rhinanthus / barley association. The possible physiological functions of the large quantities of Z and ZR and ZN derived from the host barley, for the improved leaf development and the stomatal reactions of the parasitising Rhinanthus are discussed.

EFFECTS OF 2,4-D AND ZEATIN RIBOSIDE ON POLLEN CALLUS INDUCTION IN BARLEY ANTHER CULTURE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. YE ◽  
B. L. HARVEY ◽  
K. N. KAO
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Levels

Anthers of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Bonanza and Elrose were cultured in media A or K1 with different levels of 2,4-D and zeatin riboside (Z-r). The results indicated that a combination of 2,4-D and Z-r in their optimal ranges (0.25–1.0 mg/L and 0.125–0.25 mg/L, respectively) significantly increased pollen callus induction in Bonanza anthers. Addition of 2,4-D alone (optimal range 0.25–2.0 mg/L) increased the frequency of callus formation in Elrose, while Z-r (0.125–2.0 mg/L) had no obvious effect on callus induction. When Z-r concentration was higher than 2.0 mg/L it decreased callus formation. At high concentrations (2.0–4.0 mg/L) 2,4-D alone induced loose calli which were not able to develop into plantlets.Key words: Barley, anther culture, 2,4-D, zeatin riboside

Solute flows from Hordeum vulgare to the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor and the influence of infection on host and parasite nutrient relations

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jiang ◽  
W. Dieter Jeschke ◽  
Wolfram Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rhinanthus Minor

Using the facultative root hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor and Hordeum vulgare L. as a host, the flows and partitioning of mineral nutrients within the host, the parasite and between host and parasite have been studied during the study period 41–54 d after planting, i.e approximately 30–43 d after successful attachment of the parasite to the host. In parasitising Rhinanthus shoot growth was 12-fold, but root growth only 2-fold increased compared to non-parasitising plants. Conversely, in the Hordeum host, shoot dry matter growth was clearly reduced, by 33% in leaf laminae and by 52% in leaf sheaths, whereas root growth was only slightly reduced as a consequence of parasitism. Growth-dependent increments of total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in parasitising Rhinanthus shoot were strongly increased, particularly increments of total N and P, which were 18 and 42 times, respectively, higher than in solitary Rhinanthus. However, increments of the above mineral nutrients in leaf sheaths of parasitised Hordeum vulgare were more strongly decreased than in leaf laminae in response to parasitic attack. Estimation of the flows of nutrients revealed that Rhinanthus withdrew from the host xylem sap about the same percentage of each nutrients: 18% of total N, 22% of P and 20% of K. Within the host almost all net flows of nutrient ions were decreased due to parasitism, but retranslocation from shoot to root was somewhat increased for all nutrients. Quantitative information is provided to show that the substantially increased growth in the shoot of attached Rhinanthus and the observed decrease in Hordeum shoot growth after infection were related to strongly elevated supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in the parasite and to incipient deficiency of these nutrients in the parasitised host. The flows of nutrients between host and parasite are discussed in terms of low selectivity of nutrient abstraction from the host xylem by the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ВНУТРИВИДОВОЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ДЕЙСТВИЮ СВИНЦА

2014 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Axis ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

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