Drought-adaptive attributes in the Seri/Babax hexaploid wheat population

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jose Olivares-Villegas ◽  
Matthew P. Reynolds ◽  
Glenn K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
High Association ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Mechanism Of Dehydration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dehydration Avoidance

Agronomic and physiological traits associated with drought adaptation were assessed within the Seri/Babax recombinant inbred line population, which was derived from parents similar in height and maturity but divergent in their sensitivity to drought. Field trials under different water regimes were conducted over 3 years in Mexico and under rainfed conditions in Australia. Under drought, canopy temperature (CT) was the single-most drought-adaptive trait contributing to a higher performance (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.0001), highly heritable (h2 = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and consistently associated with yield phenotypically (r = –0.75, P < 0.0001) and genetically [R (g) = −0.95, P < 0.0001]. CT epitomises a mechanism of dehydration avoidance expressed throughout the cycle and across latitudes, which can be utilised as a selection criteria to identify high-yielding wheat genotypes or as an important predictor of yield performance under drought. Early response under drought, suggested by a high association of CT with estimates of biomass at booting (r = −0.44, P < 0.0001), leaf chlorophyll (r = −0.22 P < 0.0001) and plant height (r = −0.64, P < 0.0001), contrast with the small relationships with anthesis and maturity (averaged, r = −0.10, P < 0.0001), and with osmotic potential (r = −0.20, P < 0.0001). Results suggest that the ability to extract water from the soil under increasing soil water deficit is a major attribute of drought adaptation. The genetic variation and transgressive segregation suggest further genomic and transcriptomic studies for unravelling the complex relationship between drought adaptation and performance under drought.

scholarly journals Modified Humic Substances as Soil Conditioners: Laboratory and Field Trials

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Kulikova ◽  
Alexander B. Volikov ◽  
Olga I. Filippova ◽  
Vladimir A. Kholodov ◽  
Nadezhda V. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

The paper is devoted to the development and performance testing of a soil conditioner based on leonardite humic substances (LHS) modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The modified HS were obtained by adding APTES to LHS solution at different mass ratios of LHS and APTES, followed by the investigation of siloxane structures using 31Si NMR spectroscopy. The Urbic Technosol was used as a model soil. The size and amount of water-stable soil aggregates were estimated using wet sieving and laser diffraction, respectively. Toxicity was evaluated by monitoring microbial substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and seedling bioassay. Laboratory column experiments demonstrated an increase in water-stability of the 3–5 mm soil aggregates after LHS-APTES application. Field tests showed an increase in the average weighted diameter of micro aggregates (from 59 to 73 μm) and water-stable macroaggregates (from 1.6 to 2.9 mm) due to the LHS-APTES amendment. A substantial increase in SIR from 5 to 9 mg CO2 (kg h)−1 was detected. Better survival of seedlings was observed. The obtained beneficial results indicate that APTES-modified HS can be successfully used as a soil conditioner. The formation of extended siloxane networks was suggested as the main mechanism of the observed improvement in the structure of the amended soils.

scholarly journals DUNE STABILIZATION WITH A SAND/GEL COMPOSITE SYSTEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
M.H. Auerbach ◽  
G.W. Borden ◽  
B.L. Edge
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Wave Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Temporary Stabilization

The effectiveness of a novel sand/gel composite system for the temporary stabilization of coastal dunes was demonstrated in wavetank and field testing. The composite consists of 97% beach sand and water, with a few percent of a biodegradable aqueous polymeric gel made from nontoxic ingredients. The gel binds the sand into a firm but resilient composite that is natural in appearance and resists erosion from waves and tides. The composite is applied by pneumatic gun to the front face of a dune to a few feet below the berm level for toe protection. This paper describes the initial development and performance of the composite system in wavetank tests at the Oregon State University Wave Research Facility and field trials at Anastasia State Park, St. Augustine, Florida; Chuck's Steak House, Melbourne Beach, Florida; and Ocean Dunes Condominiums, Fort Fisher, North Carolina.

scholarly journals Novel Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Cadmium Content Identified in Hard White Spring Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qiao ◽  
Justin Wheeler ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Kyle Isham ◽  
Natalie Klassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
First Time

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can cause a variety of adverse effects on human health, including cancer. Wheat comprises approximately 20% of the human diet worldwide; therefore, reducing the concentrations of Cd in wheat grain will have significant impacts on the intake of Cd in food products. The tests for measuring the Cd content in grain are costly, and the content is affected significantly by soil pH. To facilitate breeding for low Cd content, this study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and associated molecular markers that can be used in molecular breeding. One spring wheat population of 181 doubled haploid lines (DHLs), which was derived from a cross between two hard white spring wheat cultivars “UI Platinum” (UIP) and “LCS Star” (LCS), was assessed for the Cd content in grain in multiple field trials in Southeast Idaho, United States. Three major QTL regions, namely, QCd.uia2-5B, QCd.uia2-7B, and QCd.uia2-7D, were identified on chromosomes 5B, 7B, and 7D, respectively. All genes in these three QTL regions were identified from the NCBI database. However, three genes related to the uptake and transport of Cd were used in the candidate gene analysis. The sequences of TraesCS5B02G388000 (TaHMA3) in the QCd.uia2-5B region and TraesCS7B02G320900 (TaHMA2) and TraesCS7B02G322900 (TaMSRMK3) in the QCd.uia2-7B region were compared between UIP and LCS. TaHMA2 on 7B is proposed for the first time as a candidate gene for grain Cd content in wheat. A KASP marker associated with this gene was developed and it will be further validated in near-isogenic lines via a gene-editing system in future studies.

scholarly journals Closing the Phenotyping Gap: High Resolution UAV Time Series for Soybean Growth Analysis Provides Objective Data from Field Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Borra-Serrano ◽  
Tom De Swaef ◽  
Paul Quataert ◽  
Jonas Aper ◽  
Aamir Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
And Performance

Close remote sensing approaches can be used for high throughput on-field phenotyping in the context of plant breeding and biological research. Data on canopy cover (CC) and canopy height (CH) and their temporal changes throughout the growing season can yield information about crop growth and performance. In the present study, sigmoid models were fitted to multi-temporal CC and CH data obtained using RGB imagery captured with a drone for a broad set of soybean genotypes. The Gompertz and Beta functions were used to fit CC and CH data, respectively. Overall, 90.4% fits for CC and 99.4% fits for CH reached an adjusted R2 > 0.70, demonstrating good performance of the models chosen. Using these growth curves, parameters including maximum absolute growth rate, early vigor, maximum height, and senescence were calculated for a collection of soybean genotypes. This information was also used to estimate seed yield and maturity (R8 stage) (adjusted R2 = 0.51 and 0.82). Combinations of parameter values were tested to identify genotypes with interesting traits. An integrative approach of fitting a curve to a multi-temporal dataset resulted in biologically interpretable parameters that were informative for relevant traits.

An assessment of variation in foothills rough fescue [Festuca campestris (Rydb.)] in southern Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. May ◽  
W. D. Willms ◽  
Z. Mengli ◽  
T. J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
South Central ◽  
Test Location ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rough Fescue

The genetic diversity of native plants is thought to be an important consideration in the selection of appropriate material for reclamation. Field trials were c onducted in southern Alberta to determine the genetic variability, expressed through phenotypic and performance attributes, of several populations of foothills rough fescue [ Festuca campestris (Rydb.)] found in southern Alberta and south-central British Co lumbia. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of genetic variability among plants of foothills rough fescue. Sixty-four plants from four populations were sampled in 1992, propagated vegetatively to produce clones for replicated trials a nd planted in four locations in 1993. Eleven plant characteristics, including phenotypic and performance variables, were observed from 1994 to 1997. Since the plants were grown in common environments, variations among them were assumed to be caused by gen etic differences. All variables were affected ( P < 0.05) by collection site and, with a few exceptions, test location, year and their two and three-way interactions. The most important factors specific to our objectives were collection site and its interact ions with test location and year. The rough fescue plants expressed differences ( P < 0.05) among populations for all selected traits but displayed considerable overlap in the range of values for all variables both within and among test sites. Therefore, wh ile the populations may be different, individuals within populations have common attributes that suggest sufficient genetic variability to allow successful establishment over a greater range of environmental variability than present at their origins. Resu lts from a secondary test suggest that selection pressure, induced by grazing, resulted in genotypes that were more winter-hardy. However, this observation needs further validation with a more robust test. Key words:

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Inbrida Jagung QPM dan Normal Berbasis Marka Mikrosatelit dan Hubungannya dengan Penampilan Hibrida

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Marcia B. Pabendon ◽  
M. Azrai ◽  
M. J. Mejaya ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Normal Maize ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Program ◽  
And Performance

<p>Information on genetic divergence of<br />inbred lines and performance of the hybrids developed from<br />the lines is a great value in maize hybrid program. A study<br />was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of six QPM and<br />five normal maize inbred lines, to determine the relationship<br />between genetic distance based on SSR markers and the<br />grain yield of single cross hybrid, and to get information<br />promising hybrid from the single cross of QPM hybrid.<br />Twenty four polymorphic primers that covered the 10 maize<br />chromosomes were used to fingerprint the lines, detecting<br />in 94 alleles (average of 3.9 and a range of 2-6 alleles per<br />locus). Genetic divergences were determined using the<br />Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and a dendrogram was<br />constructed using the UPGMA. Cluster analysis divided the<br />inbreds into two clusters that were confirmed by principal<br />coordinate analysis. Two promising QPM hybrids that are<br />crossed from different heterotic group were found. The<br />estimated value of simple correlations (r) of GDs with the<br />gain yield of single cross hybrid was negatif (-0.07). There is<br />a need to conduct more field trials to obtain more accurate<br />correlations, particularly in a practical utility for predicting<br />maize hybrid performance for grain yield.</p>

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