A model-based analysis of the dynamics of carbon balance at the whole-plant level in Arabidopsis thaliana

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Christophe ◽  
Véronique Letort ◽  
Irène Hummel ◽  
Paul-Henry Cournède ◽  
Philippe de Reffye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Radiation Use

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is used as a model plant in many research projects. However, few models simulate its growth at the whole-plant scale. The present study describes the first model of Arabidopsis growth integrating organogenesis, morphogenesis and carbon-partitioning processes for aerial and subterranean parts of the plant throughout its development. The objective was to analyse competition among sinks as they emerge from patterns of plant structural development. The model was adapted from the GreenLab model and was used to estimate organ sink strengths by optimisation against biomass measurements. Dry biomass production was calculated by a radiation use efficiency-based approach. Organogenesis processes were parameterised based on experimental data. The potential of this model for growth analysis was assessed using the Columbia ecotype, which was grown in standard environmental conditions. Three phases were observed in the overall time course of trophic competition within the plant. In the vegetative phase, no competition was observed. In the reproductive phase, competition increased with a strong increase when lateral inflorescences developed. Roots and internodes and structures bearing siliques were strong sinks and had a similar impact on competition. The application of the GreenLab model to the growth analysis of A. thaliana provides new insights into source–sink relationships as functions of phenology and morphogenesis.

Growth and yield differences between triazine-tolerant and non-triazine-tolerant cultivars of canola

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
J. F. Holland ◽  
S. Cawley ◽  
T. D. Potter ◽  
W. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radiation Extinction ◽  
Radiation Use

Canola tolerant to the triazine group of herbicides is grown widely in Australian broad-acre cropping systems. Triazine-tolerant (TT) cultivars are known to have a yield and oil content penalty compared with non-TT cultivars. This study was designed to elucidate the crop physiological basis for the yield differences between the two types. Two commercial cultivars, near-isogenic for the TT trait, were compared in a detailed growth analysis in the field, and 22 crops were compared for phenology and crop attributes at maturity. In the growth analysis study, the TT trait was found to lower radiation use efficiency, which carried through to less biomass at maturity. There were minimal effects on leaf area development and harvest index, and no effect on canopy radiation extinction. Across the 22 crops, where yield varied from 240 to 3400 kg/ha in the non-TT cultivar, yield was on average 26% less in the TT cultivar due to less biomass produced, as there was no significant effect on harvest index. The difference in oil content (2-5%) was greater in low oil content environments. Flowering was delayed by 2-10 days with a greater delay being in later flowering environments. Quantification of the physiological attributes of TT canola allows the assessment of the productivity of different cultivar types across environments.

Sucrose Transporter Gene AtSUC4 Responds to Drought Stress by Regulating the Sucrose Distribution and Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2971-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Ming Li Liu ◽  
Li Jun Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Che Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Level

Sucrose transporters (SUCs or SUTs) are considered as the important carriers and responsible for the loading, unloading and distribution of sucrose, but at present there is no report that SUCs are involved in sucrose distribution and metabolism under drought stress at the whole-plant level. AtSUC4, as the unique member of SUT4-clade inArabidopsis thaliana, may be important for plant stress tolerance. Here, by analyzing two homozygous mutation lines ofAtSUC4(Atsuc4-1andAtsuc4-2), we found drought stress induced higher sucrose, lower fructose and glucose contents in shoots, and lower sucrose, higher fructose and glucose contents in roots of these mutants compared with the wild-type (WT), leading to an imbalance of sucrose distribution, fructose and glucose (sucrose metabolites) accumulation changes at the whole-plant level. Thus we believe thatAtSUC4regulates sucrose distribution and metabolism in response to drought stress.

Associations between yield, intercepted radiation and radiation-use efficiency in chickpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan Lake ◽  
Victor Sadras
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radiation Use

Relationships between yield, biomass, radiation interception (PARint) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) have been studied in many crops for use in growth analysis and modelling. Research in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited, with variation caused by environment and phenological stage not adequately described. This study aims to characterise the variation in chickpea PARint and RUE with phenological stage, line and environment and their interactions, and the impact of this variation on yield. Chickpea lines (six desi and one kabuli) previously identified as varying for yield, competitive ability, crop growth rate and phenology were compared in four environments resulting from a combination of two sowing dates and dry and irrigated water regimes. Yield varied from 0.7 to 3.7 t ha–1. Line, environment, phenological stage and the interactions line (G) × environment (E) and environment × stage affected both RUE and PARint. Line × stage interaction also affected RUE. High PARint and RUE were associated with high yield, but the interaction between environment and phenological stage dictated this relationship; higher PARint and RUE were observed in irrigated environments. Some environment × phenological stage combinations resulted in no significant associations, particularly before flowering in dry environments. These results emphasise the importance of understanding the effects of G × E on capture and efficiency in the use of radiation and have implications for growth analysis, modelling and breeding.

scholarly journals Cut and paste – Efficient cotyledon micrografting for Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bartusch ◽  
Jana Trenner ◽  
Marcel Quint
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Plant Seedlings

AbstractCotyledon micrografting represents a very useful tool for studying the central role of cotyledons during early plant development, especially their interplay with other plant organs with regard to long distance transport. While hypocotyl grafting methods are established, cotyledon grafting is still inefficient. By optimizing cotyledon micrografting, we aim for higher success rates and increased throughput in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. We established a cut and paste cotyledon surgery procedure on a flat solid but moist surface which improved handling of small plant seedlings. Applying a specific cutting and joining pattern throughput was increased up to 40 seedlings per hour. The combination of short day conditions and low light intensities for germination and long day plus high light intensities and vertical plate positioning after grafting significantly increased ‘ligation’ efficiency. Together, we achieved up to 46 % grafting success in A. thaliana. Reconnection of vasculature was shown by successful transport of a vasculature-specific dye across the grafting site. On a whole plant level, plants with grafted cotyledons match plants with intact cotyledons in biomass production and rosette development. This cut and paste cotyledon-to-petiole grafting protocol simplifies the handling of plant seedlings in surgery, increases the number of grafted plants per hour and produces higher success rates for A. thaliana seedlings. The developed cotyledon micrografting method is also suitable for other plant species of comparable size.

PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high-yield environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. REYNOLDS ◽  
D. CALDERINI ◽  
A. CONDON ◽  
M. VARGAS
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Radiation Use

For many years yield improvement reported in wheat was associated with increased dry matter partitioning to grain, but more recently increases in above-ground biomass have indicated a different mechanism for achieving yield potential. The most likely way of increasing crop biomass is by improving radiation use efficiency (RUE); however there is evidence that sink strength is still a critical yield limiting factor in wheat, suggesting that improving the balance between source and sink (source/sink (SS)) is currently the most promising approach for increasing yield, biomass, and RUE. Experiments were designed to establish a more definitive link of SS traits with yield, biomass and RUE in high-yield environments using progeny deriving from parents contrasting in some of those traits. The SS traits formed three main groups relating to (i) phenological pattern of the crop, (ii) assimilation capacity up until shortly after anthesis, and (iii) partitioning of assimilates to reproductive structures shortly after anthesis. The largest genetic gains in performance traits were associated with the second group; however, traits from the other groups were also identified as being genetically linked to improvement in performance parameters. Because many of these traits are interrelated, principal component analysis (PCA) multiple regression and path analysis were used to expose these relationships more clearly. The trait most consistently associated with performance traits was biomass at anthesis (BMA). The PCA indicated a fairly close association among traits within this group (i.e. assimilation-related traits) while those from the other two groups of SS traits (i.e. phenological and partitioning) appeared to have secondary but independent effects. These conclusions were partially born out by stepwise multiple regression for individual crosses where BMA was often complemented by traits from the two other groups. Taken together, the data suggest that the assimilation traits biomass in vegetative stage (BMV) and BMA have partially independent genetic effects in this germplasm and were complementary to achieving improved performance. The identification of a number of SS traits associated with yield and biomass, which both PCA and multiple regression suggest as being at least partially independent of one another, support the idea that additive gene action could be achieved by adopting a physiological trait based breeding approach where traits from different groups are combined in a single background. A second breeding intervention based on these results would be in selecting progeny for BMA and BMV using spectral reflectance approaches since those traits that lend themselves to large-scale screening. Path analysis confirmed the importance of the spike primordial stage in the genotype by environment interaction for these traits.

Tryptophan-Requiring Mutants of the Plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 240 (4850) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. LAST ◽  
GERALD R. FINK
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Tryptophan Pathway ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Although amino acid auxotrophs are among the most frequently isolated mutations in microorganisms, no mutants that require amino acids have been isolated at the whole plant level. Tryptophan-requiring mutants of the cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana have now been isolated by selecting for resistance to 5-methylanthranilic acid. The tryptophan requirement of one mutant, trpl-1, results from a defect in the second step of the tryptophan pathway catalyzed by anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase. Mutant trpl-1 plants are highly fluorescent and aromatic because they accumulate anthranilic acid and anthranilate β-glucoside. Plants homozygous for the trpl-1 mutation exhibit a syndrome of morphological defects suggestive of a defect in the biosynthesis, metabolism, or localization of a tryptophan derivative such as auxin. All of these morphological phenotypes cosegregate with the tryptophan requirement as a simple Mendelian recessive trait.

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