Seed yield determination of peanut crops under water deficit: Soil strength effects on pod set, the source–sink ratio and radiation use efficiency

Abstract This study aims to determine the cowpea efficiency in absorbing and using solar radiation according to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the northeast of Pará State. The experiment was carried out on 2014 and 2016 in an experimental design of randomized blocks, which consisted in six blocks with four treatments, in which different irrigation depths the reproductive phase were applied, as follows: T100, T50, T25 e T0, that corresponded to 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% of the crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, leaf area index (LAI), total aerial dry matter (TADM) and grain yield were measured. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained by nonlinear regression between the fraction of absorbed PAR (fPARinter) and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated by linear regression between the TADM and the accumulated absorbed PAR. The water deficit imposed by the treatments had a significant influence on the LAI, TADM and cowpea yields. The water deficit did not significantly influenced k – it ranged between 0.83 for T100 and 0.70 for T0. The RUE showed significant behaviors regarding the treatments with adequate water supply and treatments under water deficit, ranging from 2.23 to 1.64 g·MJ-1, respectively.

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Study on Radiation Interception and Use in Some Mustard Varieties

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v9i430226 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-23

Author(s):

M. A. Awal ◽

M. O. Gani

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Season ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Branch Number ◽

Area Index ◽

Radiation Interception ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

Aim: Solar radiation is the unique source of energy which drives the photosynthesis of green plants for producing biomass to living being. Use efficiency of solar radiation to produce biomass has been quantified for many crops in field condition but no study is undertaken for mustard although it is an important oil seed crop in the world as well as in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the radiation-use efficiency of mustard crop. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: Treatments comprised six mustard varieties viz. BINAsarisha-3, BINAsarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8 which were grown following standard cultivation techniques to optimize the growth and development. Radiation measurements along the growing season were carried out during solar noon on some sunny days with a Radiometer connected to a 1 m long Line Quantum Sensor. Results: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in terms of plant height, branch number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, yield components and yield and radiation interception and use. BINAsarisha-6 showed better performance on the aforesaid traits followed by BINAsarisha-7 while lower performance was observed in BINAsarisha-3 and BINAsarisha-4. The higher seed yield (2.41 t ha-1) was obtained in the BINAsarisha-6, the variety also showed higher radiation-use efficiency, RUE (3.75 g MJ-1 PAR) whereas the lower seed yield (about 2.1 t ha-1) was observed in the BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-4, the varieties also showed the lower RUE (<3 g MJ-1 PAR) which indicate that the higher accumulation of DM in BINAsarisha-6 variety as influenced by higher utilization of solar radiation effectively constitute the seed yield. The temporal RUE showed much fluctuated pattern in all the varieties and higher RUEs were observed at the later part of the crop growth. The variety BINAsarisha-6 also showed the higher seasonal mean RUE whereas BINAsarisha-4 showed the lower. Conclusion: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in growth, yield and radiation interception and use. Higher biomass production as well as higher seed yield is associated with higher utilization of solar radiation.

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Water deficit effects on sweet corn. I. Water use, radiation use efficiency, growth, and yield

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar99146 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

P. J. Stone ◽

D. R. Wilson ◽

J. B. Reid ◽

R. N. Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Wide Range ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

The responses of sweet corn biomass and yield to timing and severity of water deficit were determined in an experiment using a mobile rainshelter. Six irrigation treatments were applied such that plots experienced: (1) no water deficit; (2) full water deficit; (3) moderate pre-silking deficit; (4) severe pre-silking deficit; (5) moderate post-silking deficit; or (6) severe post-silking deficit. Drought was quantified using the concept of potential soil moisture deficit, which was calculated from climatic data. Potential soil moisture deficit can be related simply to a wide range of plant performance variables, making it possible to compare the relative importance of variables in determining the overall response of the crop to drought. For all treatments, yield was related strongly to biomass, especially that accumulated after silking. Biomass, in turn, was reduced by water deficit, mainly because of reduced radiation use efficiency, but also because of reduced total radiation interception, particularly in early deficit treatments. Both water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency increased with water deficit, even though soil evaporation as a proportion of total water use also increased with deficit. There was no stage of crop development at which yield was particularly sensitive to water deficit, although yield components changed with timing of deficit. Importantly, measures of potential soil moisture deficit integrated the effects of timing and severity of drought, making it possible to simply and mechanistically account for the effects of water deficit on biomass and particularly yield.

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Influence of water deficit on transpiration and radiation use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/0168-1923(89)90076-2 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 48 (3-4) ◽

pp. 317-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Piara Singh ◽

Y.V Sri Rama

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

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PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high-yield environment

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859607006831 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 3-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. REYNOLDS ◽

D. CALDERINI ◽

A. CONDON ◽

M. VARGAS

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

The Other ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Source Sink ◽

Radiation Use

For many years yield improvement reported in wheat was associated with increased dry matter partitioning to grain, but more recently increases in above-ground biomass have indicated a different mechanism for achieving yield potential. The most likely way of increasing crop biomass is by improving radiation use efficiency (RUE); however there is evidence that sink strength is still a critical yield limiting factor in wheat, suggesting that improving the balance between source and sink (source/sink (SS)) is currently the most promising approach for increasing yield, biomass, and RUE. Experiments were designed to establish a more definitive link of SS traits with yield, biomass and RUE in high-yield environments using progeny deriving from parents contrasting in some of those traits. The SS traits formed three main groups relating to (i) phenological pattern of the crop, (ii) assimilation capacity up until shortly after anthesis, and (iii) partitioning of assimilates to reproductive structures shortly after anthesis. The largest genetic gains in performance traits were associated with the second group; however, traits from the other groups were also identified as being genetically linked to improvement in performance parameters. Because many of these traits are interrelated, principal component analysis (PCA) multiple regression and path analysis were used to expose these relationships more clearly. The trait most consistently associated with performance traits was biomass at anthesis (BMA). The PCA indicated a fairly close association among traits within this group (i.e. assimilation-related traits) while those from the other two groups of SS traits (i.e. phenological and partitioning) appeared to have secondary but independent effects. These conclusions were partially born out by stepwise multiple regression for individual crosses where BMA was often complemented by traits from the two other groups. Taken together, the data suggest that the assimilation traits biomass in vegetative stage (BMV) and BMA have partially independent genetic effects in this germplasm and were complementary to achieving improved performance. The identification of a number of SS traits associated with yield and biomass, which both PCA and multiple regression suggest as being at least partially independent of one another, support the idea that additive gene action could be achieved by adopting a physiological trait based breeding approach where traits from different groups are combined in a single background. A second breeding intervention based on these results would be in selecting progeny for BMA and BMV using spectral reflectance approaches since those traits that lend themselves to large-scale screening. Path analysis confirmed the importance of the spike primordial stage in the genotype by environment interaction for these traits.

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Seasonal Variation in Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception and Radiation Use Efficiency in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek] in Lower Gangetic Plain of India

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2530891 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108-125

Author(s):

Shrabani Basu ◽

Pramiti K. Chakraborty ◽

Rajib Nath

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Summer Season ◽

Green Gram ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

Radiation Use

Aim: The present study was conducted for identifying sowing windows and cultivars of green gram in spring – summer and rainy seasons depending on light interception pattern and photo synthetically active radiation use efficiency (PARUE) in the lower Gangetic Plains of Eastern India. Methodology: Five green gram varieties (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5) were sown on four dates (D1, D2, D3 and D4) in the spring –summer season starting from 15th February and on three dates (D1, D2 and D3) in the rainy season, starting from 20th August at interval of 10 days. Cumulative intercepted PAR (CIPAR), PARUE for above ground biomass and green gram seed and the seed yield were measured. The experiments were conducted under strip –plot design. Results: Results showed that CIPAR increased gradually in both the seasons under different dates of sowing. The mean PARUE for above ground biomass were 3.97, 4.58, 3.18 and 2.64 gMJ-1 for D1, D2, D3 and D4 sowings during spring – summer season. In rainy season the same was declined from 8.67 to 3.73 g MJ-1 with the delay in sowing. Maximum seed yield was obtained under D2 and V3 in the spring –summer and under D1 and V5 in the rainy season. The mean PARUE for seed yield were 0.65 and 0.64 g MJ-1 and 0.40 and 0.42 g MJ-1 in the spring summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 respectively. In the rainy season the maximum PARUE were 0.91 and 0.55 g MJ-1 under D1 for two experimental years. Conclusion: Depending on PARUE Pant Mung – 5 and Mehashould be sown during 3rd week of February and August in this zone.

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