Photosynthesis and respiration decline with light intensity in dominant and suppressed Eucalyptus globulus canopies

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. O'Grady ◽  
D. Worledge ◽  
A. Wilkinson ◽  
M. Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Within canopy gradients in light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax), foliar nitrogen ([N]area) and leaf dark respiration (R15) were studied in the canopies of dominant and suppressed trees within an even-aged (4-year-old) Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) stand in southern Tasmania. Despite being an even-aged stand growing in a relatively uniform environment with respect to nutrient and water availability, the stand exhibited considerable structural complexity. Diameter at 1.3 m ranged between 3 cm and 21 cm, trees average 12 m height and stand leaf area index was ~6 m2 m–2 leading to strong gradients in light availability. We were interested in understanding the processes governing canopy production in trees of contrasting dominance classes. Vertical gradients in photosynthesis and foliar respiration were studied within the canopies of dominant and suppressed trees during 2006 and 2007. Amax varied from ~18 μmol m–2 s–1 in the upper canopy to 3 μmol m–2 s–1 at lower canopy positions. On average, Amax were higher in the dominant trees than in the suppressed trees. However, at any given height, Amax were similar in suppressed and dominant trees and were strongly related to leaf nitrogen content. Dark respiration varied from ~1.4 μmol m–2 s–1 in the upper canopy to 0.2 μmol m–2 s–1 in the lower canopy positions. In contrast to the patterns for Amax, dark respiration rates in the suppressed trees were higher than dominant trees at similar canopy positions. Respiration rates were also strongly related to [N]area and to Amax.

Observations of the Photosynthetic Physiology of Tree Species within the C3 Monocotyledon Genus Pandanus, and Comparison with Dicotyledon C3 Tree Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Resource Levels

Photosynthetic characteristics of tree species from the tropical C3 monocotyledon genus Pandanus were compared with C3 dicotyledon species growing in similar environments. The Pandanus species had similar maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax) to dicotyledon tree species in leaves from both sun and shaded environments when Amax was expressed on an area basis. Because of the low specific leaf area of the schlerophyllous leaves of the Pandanus compared to the dicotyledon species, the similarity in Amax was no longer evident when Amax was expressed on a dry-weight basis. Leaf dark respiration rates of the Pandanus on a leaf area and weight basis were generally lower than the shade-intolerant dicotyledons and similar to the shade-tolerant dicotyledon species. Low dark respiration rates and low specific leaf area of the Pandanus may be important characteristics for growth and survival in environments where resource levels are low and the likelihood of tissue damage is high.

Photosynthetic response to growth temperature and CO2 enrichment in two species of C4 grasses

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Potvin ◽  
Boyd R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Acclimation Potential ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Plants of Echinochloa crus-galli from Québec, North Carolina, and Mississippi and of Eleusine indica from Mississippi were grown under three thermoperiods (28:22, 24:18, 21:15 °C) and two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (350 and 675 μL ∙ L−1). CO2 enrichment induced an increase in net photosynthesis and in dark respiration for all populations. Neither conductance, transpiration, nor the transpiration/photosynthesis ratio were affected by CO2 enrichment. Plants showed higher photosynthetic and dark respiration rates when grown in warm regimes. Stomatal conductance did not vary with growth temperature. Cool-adapted plants from Québec maintained the overall highest net photosynthesis and respiration. Plants originating from warm areas had a weaker acclimation potential to low temperature than those from cool environments.

scholarly journals Dark respiration rates are not determined by differences in mitochondrial capacity, abundance and ultrastructure in C4 leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Fan ◽  
Andrew Scafaro ◽  
Shinichi Asao ◽  
Robert Furbank ◽  
Antony Agostino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mitochondrial Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

Our understanding of the regulation of respiration in C plants, where mitochondria play different roles in the different types of C photosynthetic pathway, remains limited. We examined how leaf dark respiration rates (R), in the presence and absence of added malate, vary in monocots representing the three classical biochemical types of C photosynthesis (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK) using intact leaves and extracted bundle sheath strands. In particular, we explored to what extent R are associated with mitochondrial number, volume and ultrastructure. We found that the respiratory response of NAD-ME and PCK type bundle sheath strands to added malate was associated with differences in mitochondrial number, volume, and/or ultrastructure, while NADP-ME type bundle sheath strands did not respond to malate addition. In general, mitochondrial traits reflected the contributions mitochondria make to photosynthesis in the three C types. However, despite the obvious differences in mitochondrial traits, no clear correlation was observed between these traits and R. We suggest that R is primarily driven by cellular maintenance demands and not mitochondrial composition per se, in a manner that is somewhat independent of mitochondrial organic acid cycling in the light.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Relationship between Leaf Nitrogen Content and Growth Dynamics and Yield of Muskmelon Grown in Plastic Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1677-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Weihong Luo ◽  
Lili Chen ◽  
Shaopeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index

The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the impacts of nitrogen on growth dynamics and yield, so as to facilitate the optimization of nitrogen management for muskmelon crop in plastic greenhouse. For this purpose, four experiments with different levels of nitrogen treatment and planting dates on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’) were conducted in plastic greenhouse located at Sanya from Nov. 2012 to Sept. 2014. The quantitative relationship between leaf nitrogen content and growth dynamics and yield of muskmelon was determined and incorporated into a photosynthesis-driven crop growth model (SUCROS). Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The critical leaf nitrogen content at flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 19.8 and 21.0 mg·g−1. The coefficient of determination (r2) and the relative root-mean-squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and measured value of growth dynamics and yield were, respectively, 0.91 and 10.8% for leaf area index (LAI), 0.90 and 19.6% for dry weight of shoot (DWSH), 0.76 and 30.3%, 0.82 and 21.1%, and 0.92 and 11.9% for dry weight of leaf (DWL), stem (DWST), and fruit (DWF), 0.91 and 17.3%, 0.89 and 13.9%, 0.86 and 27.8%, and 0.88 and 20.6% for soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C content (VC), and soluble solids content (SO) of fruit, and 0.90 and 10.1% for fresh weight of fruit (FWF). The model could be used for the optimization of nitrogen management for muskmelon production in plastic greenhouse. Further calibration and test would be needed during the application of the model in wider range of conditions and muskmelon cultivars.

Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: a test across biomes and functional groups

Oecologia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Michael B. Walters ◽  
David S. Ellsworth ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
John C. Volin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two tropical weeds to shade: II. Leaf gas exchange and nitrogen content

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Stachytarpheta Cayennensis

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), two weeds found in pastures and crop areas in the Brazilian Amazonia, Brazil, were grown in controlled environment cabinets under high (800-1000 µmol m-² s-¹) and low (200-350 µmol m-² s-¹) light regimes during a 40-day period. The objective was to determine the effect of shade on photosynthetic features and leaf nitrogen content of I. asarifolia and S. cayennensis. High-irradiance grown I. asarifolia leaves had significantly higher dark respiration and light saturated rates of photosynthesis than low-irradiance leaves. No significant differences for these traits, between treatments, were observed in S. cayennensis. Low-irradiance leaves of both species displayed higher CO2 assimilation rates under low irradiance. High-irradiance grown leaves of both species had less nitrogen per unit of weight. Low-irradiance S. cayennensis had more nitrogen per unit of leaf area than high-irradiance plants; however, I. asarifolia showed no consistent pattern for this variable through time. For S. cayennensis, leaf nitrogen content and CO2 assimilation were inversely correlated to the amount of biomass allocated to developing reproductive structures. These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

scholarly journals Diel‐ and temperature‐driven variation of leaf dark respiration rates and metabolite levels in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Azzahra Ahmad Rashid ◽  
Andrew P. Scafaro ◽  
Shinichi Asao ◽  
Ricarda Fenske ◽  
Roderick C. Dewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration

scholarly journals Development of an Apparatus for Crop-Growth Monitoring and Diagnosis

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ni ◽  
Jingchao Zhang ◽  
Rusong Wu ◽  
Fangrong Pang ◽  
Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Linear Fitting ◽  
Monitoring And Diagnosis ◽  
Mean Square Errors

To non-destructively acquire leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA), leaf area index (LAI), and leaf dry weight (LDW) data at high speed and low cost, a portable apparatus for crop-growth monitoring and diagnosis (CGMD) was developed according to the spectral monitoring mechanisms of crop growth. According to the canopy characteristics of crops and actual requirements of field operation environments, splitting light beams by using an optical filter and proper structural parameters were determined for the sensors. Meanwhile, an integral-type weak optoelectronic signal processing circuit was designed, which changed the gain of the system and guaranteed the high resolution of the apparatus by automatically adjusting the integration period based on the irradiance received from ambient light. In addition, a coupling processor system for a sensor information and growth model based on the microcontroller chip was developed. Field experiments showed that normalised vegetation index (NDVI) measured separately through the CGMD apparatus and the ASD spectrometer showed a good linear correlation. For measurements of canopy reflectance spectra of rice and wheat, their linear determination coefficients (R2) were 0.95 and 0.92, respectively while the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. NDVI value measured by using the CGMD apparatus and growth indices of rice and wheat exhibited a linear relationship. For the monitoring models for LNC, LNA, LAI, and LDW of rice based on linear fitting of NDVI, R2 were 0.64, 0.67, 0.63 and 0.70, and RMSEs were 0.31, 2.29, 1.15 and 0.05, respectively. In addition, R2 of the models for monitoring LNC, LNA, LAI, and LDW of wheat on the basis of linear fitting of NDVI were 0.82, 0.71, 0.72 and 0.70, and RMSEs were 0.26, 2.30, 1.43, and 0.05, respectively.

Photosynthetic Acclimation and Nitrogen Partitioning Within a Lucerne Canopy. II. Stability Through Time and Comparison With a Theoretical Optimum

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Redistribution

Nitrogen redistribution between and within leaves was examined in a plot of lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aurora) in relation to potential canopy photosynthesis. The canopy was sampled during regrowth after cutting and just prior to flowering. As leaves were progressively shaded by the newly produced leaves, nitrogen content fell and photosynthetic acclimation occurred. The rate of acclimation in the canopy was the same as occurred following a step change to 23 or 6% sunlight. The profile of leaf nitrogen content was stable with respect to leaf area index and independent of time of sampling. Optimal profiles of nitrogen distribution between leaves, photosynthetic rate per unit chlorophyll and nitrogen partitioning within leaves were calculated from the relationships between photosynthesis and nitrogen in conjunction with the light environment of the preceding 3 days. The optimal nitrogen content of the leaves should vary in proportion to the relative daily irradiance at each leaf. The observed distribution achieved 88% of the potential daily photosynthesis, while a uniform nitrogen distribution yielded only 80%. Photosynthetic acclimation and nitrogen partitioning within each leaf both responded to daily irradiance similarly to the calculated optimum except at the two extremes. At the top of the canopy, photosynthetic rate per unit of chlorophyll did not increase as much as the calculated optimum, while at the base of the canopy, nitrogen partitioning failed to fall as much as the calculated optimum. This may reflect the constraints on the flexibility of the photosynthetic system. Nitrogen redistribution between leaves made a dramatic contribution to increasing the potential photosynthesis by the canopy. Although acclimation to low irradiance reduced the photosynthetic capacity per unit nitrogen by 12%, the considerable reorganisation of proteins within the thylakoids increased potential daily photosynthesis by 20% over that which would have been gained by a 'sun' leaf. However, in terms of canopy photosynthesis, which is dominated by leaves intercepting most of the light, acclimation contributed only a few per cent to the potential daily canopy photosynthesis.

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