Observations of the Photosynthetic Physiology of Tree Species within the C3 Monocotyledon Genus Pandanus, and Comparison with Dicotyledon C3 Tree Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Resource Levels

Photosynthetic characteristics of tree species from the tropical C3 monocotyledon genus Pandanus were compared with C3 dicotyledon species growing in similar environments. The Pandanus species had similar maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax) to dicotyledon tree species in leaves from both sun and shaded environments when Amax was expressed on an area basis. Because of the low specific leaf area of the schlerophyllous leaves of the Pandanus compared to the dicotyledon species, the similarity in Amax was no longer evident when Amax was expressed on a dry-weight basis. Leaf dark respiration rates of the Pandanus on a leaf area and weight basis were generally lower than the shade-intolerant dicotyledons and similar to the shade-tolerant dicotyledon species. Low dark respiration rates and low specific leaf area of the Pandanus may be important characteristics for growth and survival in environments where resource levels are low and the likelihood of tissue damage is high.

Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: a test across biomes and functional groups

Oecologia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Michael B. Walters ◽  
David S. Ellsworth ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
John C. Volin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration

Relationship between visual colour rating and chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and some growth characteristics in couchgrass (Cynodonspp. L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Visual Colour

SUMMARYChlorophyll contents per unit leaf area and unit dry weight, chlorophylla:bratio, visual colour rating, specific leaf area, and leaf fresh weight: dry weight ratios were estimated for 12 couch (bermudagrass) varieties (Cynodonspp. L.) in winter (July) and spring (October). Net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates were estimated in winter only.The chlorophyll contents per unit leaf area were higher in all varieties in spring than in winter, but per unit weight were more variable. The varieties differed substantially in the net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates. The specific leaf areas were greater in winter than in spring in five varieties: in others it changed little. The fresh: dry weight ratios of the leaves were almost constant between varieties in the spring but varied greatly during the winter. Visual colour ratings were well correlated with chlorophyll contents per unit area but not with weight. The net photosynthetic rate was closely correlated with chlorophyll content (per unit area) but not so closely with colour rating.

scholarly journals El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the water relations of tree species in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Palomo-Kumul ◽  
Mirna Valdez-Hernández ◽  
Gerald A. Islebe ◽  
Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽  
José Luis Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of ENSO 2015/16 on the water relations of eight tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The functional traits: wood density, relative water content in wood, xylem water potential and specific leaf area were recorded during the rainy season and compared in three consecutive years: 2015 (pre-ENSO conditions), 2016 (ENSO conditions) and 2017 (post-ENSO conditions). We analyzed tree size on the capacity to respond to water deficit, considering young and mature trees, and if this response is distinctive in species with different leaf patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests distributed along a precipitation gradient (700–1200 mm year−1). These traits showed a strong decrease in all species in response to water stress in 2016, mainly in the driest site. Deciduous species had lower wood density, higher predawn water potential and higher specific leaf area than evergreen species. In all cases, mature trees were more tolerant to drought. In the driest site, there was a significant reduction in water status, regardless of their leaf phenology, indicating that seasonally dry tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ENSO. Vulnerability of deciduous species is intensified in the driest areas and in the youngest trees.

The temperature response of leaf dark respiration in 15 provenances of Eucalyptus grandis grown in ambient and elevated CO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Aspinwall ◽  
Vinod K. Jacob ◽  
Chris J. Blackman ◽  
Renee A. Smith ◽  
Mark G. Tjoelker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration

The effects of elevated CO2 on the short-term temperature response of leaf dark respiration (R) remain uncertain for many forest tree species. Likewise, variation in leaf R among populations within tree species and potential interactive effects of elevated CO2 are poorly understood. We addressed these uncertainties by measuring the short-term temperature response of leaf R in 15 provenances of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden from contrasting thermal environments grown under ambient [CO2] (aCO2; 400 µmol mol–1) and elevated [CO2] (640 µmol mol–1; eCO2). Leaf R per unit area (Rarea) measured across a range of temperatures was higher in trees grown in eCO2 and varied up to 104% among provenances. However, eCO2 increased leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) by 21%, and when R was expressed on a mass basis (i.e. Rmass), it did not differ between CO2 treatments. Likewise, accounting for differences in LMA among provenances, Rmass did not differ among provenances. The temperature sensitivity of R (i.e. Q10) did not differ between CO2 treatments or among provenances. We conclude that eCO2 had no direct effect on the temperature response of R in E. grandis, and respiratory physiology was similar among provenances of E. grandis regardless of home-climate temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Saeid Hassanpour-bourkheili ◽  
Mahtab Heravi ◽  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) is a difficult-to-control weed in soybean production in Brazil that has developed resistance to herbicides, including acetolactate synthase inhibitors. We investigated the potential fitness cost associated to the Ser-653-Asn mutation that confers imazamox resistance in this weed. Plant height, leaf and stem dry weight, leaf area and seed production per plant as well as the growth indices of specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate and net assimilation in F2 homozygous resistant (R) and susceptible (S) wild poinsettia progenies were pairwise compared. S plants were superior in most of the traits studied. Plant heights for S and R biotypes, recorded at 95 days after planting (DAP), were 137 and 120 cm, respectively. Leaf areas were 742 and 1048 cm2 in the R and S biotypes, respectively. The dry weights of leaves and stems in the S plants were 30 and 35%, respectively, higher than in the R plants. In both biotypes, the leaves had a greater share in dry weight at early development stages, but from 50 DAP, the stem became the main contributor to the dry weight of the shoots. The R biotype produced 110 ± 4 seed plant−1, i.e., 12 ± 3% less seeds per plant than that of the S one (125 ± 7 seed plant−1). The growth indices leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were generally higher in the S biotype or similar between both biotypes; while the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were punctually superior in the R biotype. These results demonstrate that the Ser-653-Asn mutation imposed a fitness cost in imazamox R wild poinsettia.

Photosynthesis and respiration decline with light intensity in dominant and suppressed Eucalyptus globulus canopies

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. O'Grady ◽  
D. Worledge ◽  
A. Wilkinson ◽  
M. Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Within canopy gradients in light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax), foliar nitrogen ([N]area) and leaf dark respiration (R15) were studied in the canopies of dominant and suppressed trees within an even-aged (4-year-old) Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) stand in southern Tasmania. Despite being an even-aged stand growing in a relatively uniform environment with respect to nutrient and water availability, the stand exhibited considerable structural complexity. Diameter at 1.3 m ranged between 3 cm and 21 cm, trees average 12 m height and stand leaf area index was ~6 m2 m–2 leading to strong gradients in light availability. We were interested in understanding the processes governing canopy production in trees of contrasting dominance classes. Vertical gradients in photosynthesis and foliar respiration were studied within the canopies of dominant and suppressed trees during 2006 and 2007. Amax varied from ~18 μmol m–2 s–1 in the upper canopy to 3 μmol m–2 s–1 at lower canopy positions. On average, Amax were higher in the dominant trees than in the suppressed trees. However, at any given height, Amax were similar in suppressed and dominant trees and were strongly related to leaf nitrogen content. Dark respiration varied from ~1.4 μmol m–2 s–1 in the upper canopy to 0.2 μmol m–2 s–1 in the lower canopy positions. In contrast to the patterns for Amax, dark respiration rates in the suppressed trees were higher than dominant trees at similar canopy positions. Respiration rates were also strongly related to [N]area and to Amax.

Recruitment and life-history traits of sparse plant species in subalpine grasslands

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Austrheim ◽  
Ove Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Safe Sites ◽  
Subalpine Grasslands ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Recruitment is critical for the maintenance of plant populations and community diversity, but sexual regeneration is considered to be infrequent in climatically harsh habitats such as subalpine grasslands. This study examines the importance of regeneration through seed for 16 sparse herb species, and we asked whether their populations are limited by safe sites or the availability of seeds. Seedling recruitment and winter survival were recorded after sowing in an experimental split-plot design in (i) pasture grazed by livestock, and (ii) exclosed grassland cultivated for annual mowing. In addition we examined the effect of disturbance and local seedbank recruitment. All species were able to recruit and survive the first winter in at least some of the experimental plots, although none were initially present. Recruitment mainly occurred in disturbed plots, and disturbed pasture plots had a significantly higher recruitment than disturbed exclosures for all species except Silene dioica. We further examined whether specific plant traits were related to variation in recruitment. Lower recruitment in the disturbed exclosure was associated with higher specific leaf area, leaf dry weight, and seed number. In contrast, seeds sown in disturbed pasture recruited more independently of species traits. The exception was a negative correlation between recruitment and leaf dry weight, and an unexpected negative correlation with seed weight. We suggest that recruitment differences among habitats mainly reflect lower humidity in the exclosure. Consequently, small stature plants with small specific leaf area should have the highest recruiting probability when exposed to drought. The almost exclusive recruitment on disturbed plots indicates a strong competitive effect on the target species in vegetated plots, and suggests that safe sites for regeneration through seed are rare in subalpine grasslands.Key words: colonization, herbs, plant abundance and distribution, disturbance, pastures, cultivated exclosures, sowing experiment.

scholarly journals Relationship among specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate in herbaceous species of tropical dry deciduous in Vindhyan highlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Dubey ◽  
Raghubanshi A. S. ◽  
Anil K. Dwivedi*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Herbaceous Species

A range of leaf attributes was measured for 17 herbaceous species in four contrasting habitats fortnightly from July to September during 2996-2007. All herbaceous vegetation in 5 randomly located plots within each of four sites were clipped at ground level and analyzed fortnightly. Leaf area was recorded by the leaf area meter (Systronics; Leaf area meter- 211). Fresh leaves were dried at 80o C for 48 hr to estimate their dry weight. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was determined as ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight. Leaf nitrogen was measured by Kjeldahl method and phosphorus by phosphomolybdic blue colorimetric method. The obtained values were subjected to Two- tailed Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS (2004 ver. 13) package. SLA, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate show positive relationship with each other.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF LIGHT PENETRATION INTO CANOPY AND SEASONALITY ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC INDICES IN APPLE TREE LEAVES

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė SAMUOLIENĖ ◽  
Kristina LAUŽIKĖ ◽  
Nobertas USELIS
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Plant Senescence ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of light penetration into canopy and the effect of distances between technological tools and seasonality on photosynthetic behaviour. Apple tree cultivar ‘Auksis’ was grafted onto superdwarfing rootstock P22 and planted at different distances (from 0,25 m to 1 m in rows, while space between rows was 3 m). Photochemical reflectance and plant senescence reflectance indices were measured at two heights: 1.0 – 1.2 m above ground and 1.8 – 2.0 m above ground; specific leaf area, fresh and dry weight were evaluated from all the canopy. Strong positive correlations were determined between photochemical reflectance index and plant senescence reflectance index in higher and lower levels of the canopy. Strong negative correlations were determined between photochemical reflectance index and plant senescence reflectance index and between specific leaf area and dry and fresh mass ratio. Increasing density between apple trees from 1 m to 0.5 m led to increase in photochemical reflectance index and specific leaf area, but plant senescence reflectance index decreased. Meanwhile, seasonality had significant impact on specific leaf area formation and dry to fresh weight ratio. Dry and fresh weight ratio increased by 5% in autumn compared to summer. Our results indicated that with decreased light penetration into canopy photochemical reflectance index decreased, but plant senescence reflectance index increased. Moreover, in autumn, trees prepare for winter by storing more nutrients and leaves accumulate more dry mass.

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