scholarly journals Mechanistic understanding of iron toxicity tolerance in contrasting rice varieties from Africa: 1. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Onyango ◽  
Fredrickson Entila ◽  
Mathew M. Dida ◽  
Abdelbagi M. Ismail ◽  
Khady N. Drame
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Iron (Fe) is a fundamental element involved in various plant metabolic processes. However, when Fe uptake is excessive, it becomes toxic to the plant and disrupts cellular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying tolerance to Fe toxicity in contrasting rice varieties adapted to African environments. Four varieties (CK801 and Suakoko 8 (tolerant), Supa and IR64 (sensitive)) selected from our previous work were analysed in more detail, and the first part of this study reports morphological, physiological and biochemical responses induced by Fe toxicity in these four varieties. Morphological (shoot length, root length, number of lateral roots), physiological (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, fluorescence, relative water content and cell membrane stability) and biochemical (tissue Fe, chlorophyll pigments, soluble sugars, protein and starch) traits were measured, as appropriate, on both shoot and root tissues and at different time points during the stress period. Fe toxicity significantly (P≤0.05) reduced growth and metabolism of all the four varieties. Tolerant varieties showed more lateral roots than the sensitive ones, under Fe toxic conditions as well as higher photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability. Strong dilution of Fe concentration in cells was identified, as one of the additional tolerance mechanisms used by CK801, whereas Suakoko 8 mainly used strong mobilisation of carbohydrates at the early stage of the stress period to anticipate metabolite shortage. Traits associated with Fe toxicity tolerance in this study could be specifically targeted in trait-based breeding programs of superior lowland rice varieties tolerant of Fe toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Inoculation on Alfalfa Tolerance to Water Deficit Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Mahnaz ZAFARI ◽  
Ali EBADI ◽  
Sodabeh JAHANBAKHSH GODEHKAHRIZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Water deficit is one of the most important environmental stresses that adversely affect crop growth and production and mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic bacteria have important role in resistance to drought stress. The effect of biofertilizers on alfalfa stress tolerance was studied at the greenhouse condition. Treatments comprised three water-deficit stresses (35%, 55% and 75% of field capacity) and four seeds inoculations (Glomus mosseae, Sinorhizobium meliloti, G. mosseae + S. meliloti and non-inoculated). Water-deficit stress decrease cell membrane stability (39%), total Chl (24.05%), carotenoid (35.55%), quantum yield (50.64%) and forage yield (28.20%), while increased the proline and soluble sugars content (68.55 and 46.53% respectively) and osmotic potential (45.84%). The inoculation of seeds increased the capability of the plants in counteracting the stress, so that the production of compatible solutes was increased and the photosynthetic indices, proline, osmotic potential, membrane stability and forage yield were improved by seed inoculation. Mycorrhiza improved photosynthetic indexes and proline, but bacteria had more efficacy on membrane stability and forage yield. However, double inoculation due to the synergistic effect of mycorrhiza and Sinorhizobium, had the greatest effect than Solitary inoculation. Our results suggest that biofertilized alfalfa plants were better adapted than non- biofertilized ones to cope with water deficit.

Cell membrane stability and biochemical response of seven wheat cultivars under salinity stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Sadat Jamali ◽  
Azam Borzouei ◽  
Mustafa Aghamirzaei ◽  
Hamid Reza Khosronejad ◽  
Milad Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Biochemical Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability

Cell Membrane Stability and Leaf Surface Wax Content as Affected by Increasing Water Deficits in Maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. PREMACHANDRA ◽  
HIROHUMI SANEOKA ◽  
MUNEAKI KANAYA ◽  
SHOITSU OGATA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

scholarly journals Static Magnetic Field Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Pulp Cells by Affecting Cell Membrane Stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Chih Hsieh ◽  
Jeng-Ting Tsao ◽  
Wei-Zhen Lew ◽  
Ya-Hui Chan ◽  
Lin-Wen Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Dental Pulp Cells ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Pulp Cells

One of the causes of dental pulpitis is lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammatory response. Following pulp tissue inflammation, odontoblasts, dental pulp cells (DPCs), and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) will activate and repair damaged tissue to maintain homeostasis. However, when LPS infection is too serious, dental repair is impossible and disease may progress to irreversible pulpitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether static magnetic field (SMF) can attenuate inflammatory response of dental pulp cells challenged with LPS. In methodology, dental pulp cells were isolated from extracted teeth. The population of DPSCs in the cultured DPCs was identified by phenotypes and multilineage differentiation. The effects of 0.4 T SMF on DPCs were observed through MTT assay and fluorescent anisotropy assay. Our results showed that the SMF exposure had no effect on surface markers or multilineage differentiation capability. However, SMF exposure increases cell viability by 15%. In addition, SMF increased cell membrane rigidity which is directly related to higher fluorescent anisotropy. In the LPS-challenged condition, DPCs treated with SMF demonstrated a higher tolerance to LPS-induced inflammatory response when compared to untreated controls. According to these results, we suggest that 0.4 T SMF attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response to DPCs by changing cell membrane stability.

Study of Process-Induced Cell Membrane Stability in Cell Direct Writing

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Bilayer Structure ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Free Energy Difference ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Before And After

Process-induced damage to cells is of significant importance and must be mitigated for safe and reproducible cell direct writing. The objective of this study is to investigate the cell membrane stability under the external normal pressure. This investigation is performed by studying the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer behavior under different normal pressures using molecular dynamics. As the normal pressure increases, the force necessary to rupture the bilayer structure decreases, which indicates cell membrane instability under high normal pressure. This phenomenon can also be explained by the change of free energy difference before and after rupture under different normal pressures. The effect of the pulling speed on the rupture force is also investigated, showing that the rupture force increases almost linearly with the pulling speed.

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