scholarly journals Hyponatremia associated with long-term medication use in the elderly: an analysis in general practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Grattagliano ◽  
Tecla Mastronuzzi ◽  
Gaetano D’Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia, its association with long-term medication use and underlying chronic conditions, the rate of hospitalisation and death within 3 months from its discovery and its management in community-dwelling older people. METHODS One year of data for ~5635 patients aged >65 years was extracted from the databases of 19 general practitioners (GPs); 2569 (45.6%) were checked for hyponatremia. RESULTS Hyponatremia occurred in 205 (8.0%) of 2569 checked individuals: 78.5% (161/205) had hypertension, 31.2% (64/205) diabetes, 23.9% (49/205) chronic renal failure; 38.0% (78/205) received diuretics, 36.6% (75/205) renin-angiotensin system antagonists (ACE-I/ARB) and 9.8% (20/205) serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Drug consumption was higher in hyponatremic patients, although only diuretics, ACE-I/ARB, anti-arrhythmics and opioids were significantly associated with hyponatremia. The likelihood of hyponatremia trebled when four drugs were taken, and it was seven-fold higher with the use of six drugs. Hyponatremia was associated with a higher prevalence of chronic illnesses and higher rate of hospitalisation (13.7% vs 7.7%, P = 0.005) and death (3.9% vs 1.8%, P < 0.035). The use of at least one long-term medication was associated with hospitalisation or death in hyponatremic patients (10% vs 6.3%, P = 0.010). Less than 20% of hyponatremic patients had their sodium level checked again after 1 month. DISCUSSION Hyponatremia is not uncommon among community-living older patients, especially in patients taking medications potentially causing hyponatremia. Hyponatremic patients are likely to encounter more serious events, including hospitalisation and death. Targeted training of GPs is desirable to improve their practice.

scholarly journals Measuring Adherence: A Proof of Concept Study for Multiple Medications for Chronic Conditions in Alternative Payment Models

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel F. Farley ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Benjamin Y. Urick
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Part D ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Statin Adherence

Adherence to renin angiotensin system antagonists (RASA), non-insulin diabetes medications (NIDM) and statins has been included in the Medicare Star Ratings program since 2012. The long-term use of these measures emphasizes adherence to a limited number of chronic medications and may present opportunities for Part D plan sponsors to misuse the measures to influence their Medicare Part D Star Rating. It also does not capture the adherence needs of high-risk patients with multiple chronic conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the development of a new measure to capture adherence to multiple medications for chronic conditions (MMCC). The MMCC measure captures adherence to 71 different therapeutic categories of medication and was constructed using North Carolina Medicaid prescription claims data from 2015 to 2017. This measure was validated against the existing RASA, NIDM and statin adherence measures. This new measure was highly correlated with Star Rating measures, captured a greater number of eligible patients than these existing measures and had a lower proportion of patients meet the adherence threshold than the existing Star Ratings adherence measures. There is an opportunity to develop new measures, which include adherence to multiple medications in populations with multiple chronic conditions.

Angiotensin System-Blocking Medications Are Associated with Fewer Falls over 12 Months in Community-Dwelling Older People

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred K. W. Wong ◽  
Stephen R. Lord ◽  
Daina L. Sturnieks ◽  
Kim Delbaere ◽  
Julian N. Trollor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People

1071-P: Long-Term Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor Use and Risk of Pneumonia and Pneumonia-Related Death in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1071-P
Author(s):  
MAI SHI ◽  
AIMIN YANG ◽  
ERIC S.H. LAU ◽  
HONGJIANG WU ◽  
BAOQI FAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Abolition of long-term vascular influence of renin-angiotensin system

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. H543-H553
Author(s):  
R. D. Randall ◽  
B. G. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Normal Controls

Rabbits were bilaterally nephrectomized for 24 h or received an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor chronically (5 days) before an acute experiment. Conductance responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) (0.25, 0.75, and 2.25 Hz) and norepinephrine (NE) administration (0.2, 0.6, and 1.8 micrograms ia) were determined from simultaneous blood pressure and iliac blood flow measurements. Conductance responses to SNS were significantly reduced in nephrectomized (44, 26, and 20%) and chronic ACE inhibition (39, 31, and 24%) groups compared with normal controls, whereas conductance responses to NE were unchanged. Continuous infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) for 24 h restored the depressed responses to SNS in nephrectomized and chronic ACE inhibition groups compared with normal controls but did not change conductance responses to NE. Acute ACE inhibition did not affect the conductance responses to SNS or NE compared with controls. Vascular tissue ACE activity was inhibited to a similar degree (50%) in both acute and chronic ACE inhibition groups compared with normal rabbits. Sodium depletion increased the conductance responses to SNS (30 and 24% at 0.25 and 0.75 Hz, respectively), but responses to NE were not affected. Chronic ACE inhibition significantly attenuated the conductance responses to SNS and slightly decreased responses to NE in sodium-depleted rabbits. Thus, in the anesthetized rabbit, the renin-angiotensin system potentiates the effect of SNS, presumably by ANG II acting at a prejunctional site, and this effect of ANG II appears to be long term in nature. Therefore, the renin-angiotensin system exerts a physiological role in the control of blood pressure in addition to the ability of this system to support arterial pressure in pathophysiological states.

scholarly journals Renin-angiotensin system blockade in heart failure patients on long-term haemodialysis in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1194-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiun Tang ◽  
Tso-Hsiao Chen ◽  
Chia-Chen Wang ◽  
Chuang-Ye Hong ◽  
Kuan-Chih Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Drug-Use Patterns among Black and Nonblack Community-Dwelling Elderly

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Hanlon ◽  
Gerda G. Fillenbaum ◽  
Bruce Burchett ◽  
William E. Wall ◽  
Connie Service ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Drug Use Patterns ◽  
Cns Drugs

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare drug-use patterns among black and nonblack community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Five-county urban and rural region in Piedmont, NC. PARTICIPANTS: Stratified probability household sample of 4164 community residents aged 65 or older from the Piedmont Health Survey of the Elderly (65 percent women, 54 percent black, mean age 73.56 ± 6.74 y). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of medication use and mean drug use; therapeutic medication category use. RESULTS: Data were weighted to represent the population in this geographic area. Fewer blacks reported the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and total medications than did nonblacks (66 vs. 76 percent and 88 vs. 92 percent, respectively; p<0.001). Compared with nonblacks, blacks reported using a lower mean number of prescription (2.02 vs. 2.35; p<0.001), OTC (1.12 vs. 1.42; p<0.001), and total (3.14 vs. 3.77; p<0.001) drugs. The therapeutic medication categories varied by race for prescription cardiovascular, analgesic, and central nervous system (CNS) drugs and OTC nutritional supplements. More nonblacks than blacks reported the use of analgesics (62.5 vs. 55.6 percent, respectively; p<0.001), CNS drugs (26.1 vs. 14.2 percent, respectively; p<0.001), nutritional supplements (27.5 vs. 16.9 percent, respectively; p<0.001), and gastrointestinal agents (29.0 vs. 23.5 percent, respectively; p<0.001). Blacks were more likely to report problems in managing their medications than were nonblacks (9.0 vs. 6.1 percent, respectively; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that there are distinct racial differences in medication-use patterns among the elderly.

scholarly journals Relationship between Maximum Tongue Pressure Value and Age, Occlusal Status, or Body Mass Index among the Community-Dwelling Elderly

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Hiroki Suzuki ◽  
Yasunori Ayukawa ◽  
Yoko Ueno ◽  
Ikiru Atsuta ◽  
Akio Jinnouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objectives: In an aging society, the maintenance of the oral function of the elderly is of importance for the delay or prevention of frailty and long-term care. In the present study, we focused on the maximum tongue pressure (MTP) value and analyzed the relationship between MTP and age, occlusal status, or body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This one-center observatory study was conducted using a cohort consisting of 205 community-dwelling outpatients over 65 years old. The MTP values of all subjects were measured using a commercially available tongue pressure measurement device and statistically analyzed. In addition, the correlation between MTP value and BMI was analyzed. Results: The MTP value decreased with age, especially in subjects classified as Eichner B and C. The difference in occlusal status did not show any statistically significant influence on MTP value. The correlation between BMI and MTP value was indicated in the tested groups other than an age of 65–74 and Eichner A groups. Conclusions: Although MTP value decreased with age, the difference in occlusal status did not have an impact on MTP value. The correlation between BMI and MTP value was not shown in the youngest group or a group with sufficient occlusal units. The results presented in the present study may imply that, even if MTP is low, younger age and/or better occlusal status compensate for the inferior MTP value in the cohort studied.

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