Phylogeny and population genetic structure of the ant genus Acropyga (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Papua New Guinea

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Janda ◽  
Pável Matos-Maraví ◽  
Michaela Borovanska ◽  
Jan Zima ◽  
Eric Youngerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Spatial Isolation

Spatial isolation and geological history are important factors in the diversification and population differentiation of species. Here we describe distributional patterns of ants in the genus Acropyga across Papua New Guinea (PNG), a highly biodiverse but little-studied region. We estimate phylogenetic relationships among currently recognised species of Acropyga and assess population genetic structure of the widespread species, A. acutiventris, across lowland areas of the island. We find that species of Acropyga present in PNG diversified during the Pliocene, between six and two million years ago. Most species now exhibit a patchy distribution that does not show a strong signal of geological history. However, the population genetic structure of the widespread species A. acutiventris has been influenced by geography, habitat association and, possibly, historical habitat fragmentation. There is a significant effect of isolation-by-distance within continuous lowland forest, and proximity to Australia has had a larger impact in structuring populations of A. acutiventris in PNG than has the Central Papuan Cordillera. This study is the first to describe population genetic patterns of an ant species in Papua New Guinea.

Elucidation of fine-scale genetic structure of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) populations in Papua New Guinea and northern Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Nowland ◽  
Paul C. Southgate ◽  
Rose K. Basiita ◽  
Dean R. Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Current Population

The development of a sandfish (Holothuria scabra) mariculture industry within Papua New Guinea (PNG) is of great socio-economic importance. However, the lack of knowledge surrounding the current population genetic structure throughout the region has raised concern about the genetic impacts of hatchery-augmented sea ranching on already diminished wild populations. The present study evaluated the current population genetic structure of sandfish within PNG, and more broadly across northern Australia, to inform sustainable mariculture practices and provide baseline genetic data within these regions. Microsatellite-based population genetic analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity within subpopulations. This analysis found that although microsatellite loci varied widely in the number of alleles (3–28), the overall allelic diversity was similar among all populations sampled. The level of genetic substructuring among all populations sampled was low, although significant (FST=0.037, P=0.000). Most of these differences were driven by distinctness of the Australian populations from those in PNG, whereby results indicated that PNG populations exhibited a panmictic stock structure. No distinct patterns of genetic isolation by distance were detected among the populations examined. Information obtained from the present study will improve the management of restocking programs and support a sustainable future for the PNG sandfish mariculture industry.

scholarly journals Diverging Genetic Structure of Coexisting Populations of the Black Storm-Petrel and the Least Storm-Petrel in the Gulf of California

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292094917
Author(s):  
Misael D. Mancilla-Morales ◽  
Santiago Romero-Fernández ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez ◽  
José J. Flores-Martínez ◽  
Víctor Sánchez-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Storm Petrel

Estimations on the influence of evolutionary and ecological forces as drivers of population gene diversity and genetic structure have been performed on a growing number of colonial seabirds, but many remain poorly studied. In particular, the population genetic structure of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) has been evaluated in only a few of the 24 recognized species. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Black Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates melania) and the Least Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates microsoma) in the Gulf of California. The two species were selected because they are pelagic seabirds with comparable ecological traits and breeding grounds. Recent threats such as introduced species of predators and human disturbance have resulted in a decline of many insular vertebrate populations in this region and affected many different aspects of their life histories (ranging from reproductive success to mate selection), with a concomitant loss of genetic diversity. To elucidate to what extent the population genetic structure occurs in H. melania and H. microsoma, we used 719 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. The evaluation of their molecular diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow were performed through diversity indices, analyses of molecular and spatial variance, and isolation by distance (IBD) across sampling sites, respectively. The population genetic structure (via AMOVA and SAMOVA) and isolation by distance (pairwise p-distances and FST/1– FST (using ΦST) were inferred for H. microsoma. However, for H. melania evidence was inconclusive. We discuss explanations leading to divergent population genetic structure signatures in these species, and the consequences for their conservation.

scholarly journals Birds are islands for parasites

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 20140255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. H. Koop ◽  
Karen E. DeMatteo ◽  
Patricia G. Parker ◽  
Noah K. Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Louse Species ◽  
Parasite Populations

Understanding the mechanisms driving the extraordinary diversification of parasites is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Co-speciation, one proposed mechanism that could contribute to this diversity is hypothesized to result from allopatric co-divergence of host–parasite populations. We found that island populations of the Galápagos hawk ( Buteo galapagoensis ) and a parasitic feather louse species ( Degeeriella regalis ) exhibit patterns of co-divergence across variable temporal and spatial scales. Hawks and lice showed nearly identical population genetic structure across the Galápagos Islands. Hawk population genetic structure is explained by isolation by distance among islands. Louse population structure is best explained by hawk population structure, rather than isolation by distance per se , suggesting that lice tightly track the recent population histories of their hosts. Among hawk individuals, louse populations were also highly structured, suggesting that hosts serve as islands for parasites from an evolutionary perspective. Altogether, we found that host and parasite populations may have responded in the same manner to geographical isolation across spatial scales. Allopatric co-divergence is likely one important mechanism driving the diversification of parasites.

Population genetic structure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Asteraceae), a threatened coastal endemic

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Heard ◽  
Linley K. Jesson ◽  
Kirby Tulk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Magdalen Islands

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster ( Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L. Nesom) is an endemic annual of saline habitats in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is listed as a threatened species, and has recently experienced population declines in much of its range. We used 11 allozyme markers to assay population genetic variation in six wild populations of S. laurentianum from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec (QC), the only remaining wild population from Prince Edward Island National Park (PEI), and a greenhouse population founded in 1999 with seed collected from PEI. Symphyotrichum laurentianum harbours moderate genetic diversity (Ps = 0.36, As = 1.54), with only modest spatial genetic structure (pairwise FST < 0.15) and no significant isolation by distance. The PEI population had greatly reduced allelic diversity compared with the populations from the Magdalen Islands, which likely act as a reservoir of genetic variation in S. laurentianum. Recent loss of alleles during population decline in PEI is suggested by the retention of greater allelic diversity in the greenhouse population. Estimates of breeding structure suggest small but nonzero rates of outcross pollination (FIS = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97; outcrossing rate ∼16%). Population genetic structure in S. laurentianum can inform those forming and carrying out conservation and recovery plans for this threatened species.

Contrasting population genetic structure of two widespread aquatic insects in the Chilean high-slope rivers

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Sabando ◽  
I. Vila ◽  
R. Peñaloza ◽  
D. Véliz
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Three Rivers

Dispersal and many other factors affect population genetic structure. In central Chile, rivers are characterised by strong currents and transverse mountain chains, which impose physical barriers to the populations that inhabit them. The objective of the present study was to study the population genetic structure of two widespread species of aquatic insects, the caddisfly Smicridea annulicornis and the mayfly Andesiops torrens, in three isolated rivers, Choapa, Maipo and Maule. The analysis of population structure, using both mtDNA (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1, COI) and nuclear markers (amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP), considered samples from within and among rivers. In S. annulicornis, we found differentiation within and among rivers, indicating a low dispersal among the study area. Populations of A. torrens shared haplotypes in all three rivers and no differences were found among rivers, indicating that this species probably has more dispersal potential than does S. annulicornis; however, significant differences were observed within rivers. Our results indicate that the transverse mountain chains are not a barrier for A. torrens, which can disperse among rivers. Within rivers, the population structure suggests that these species are probably adapted to avoid drift because of the torrential character of these Chilean rivers.

Population Genetic Structure of the Blood Clam,Tegillarca granosa, Along the Pacific Coast of Asia: Isolation by Distance in the Sea

Malacologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Shao ◽  
Xueliang Chai ◽  
Guoqiang Xiao ◽  
Jiongming Zhang ◽  
Zhihua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Tegillarca Granosa ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Blood Clam

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of the German Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae) in Apartment Buildings

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Crissman ◽  
Warren Booth ◽  
Richard G. Santangelo ◽  
Dmitry V. Mukha ◽  
Edward L. Vargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
German Cockroach ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Apartment Complex ◽  
Apartment Complexes

Abstract The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae), is a major residential pest with the potential to vector various pathogens and produce and disseminate household allergens. Understanding population genetic structure and differentiation of this important pest is critical to efforts to eradicate infestations, yet little is known in this regard. Using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation within and among 18 apartments from six apartment complexes located in Raleigh, NC. No departure from panmixia was found between rooms within apartments, indicating that active dispersal resulting in gene flow may occur among rooms within apartment units. Alternatively, aggregations within apartments may exist in relative isolation under a metapopulation framework, derived from a recent, common source. Thus, in the event of population control practices leading to incomplete cockroach eradication within an apartment, recolonization of shelters and rooms is likely to occur from a genetically similar aggregation. A pattern of isolation-by-distance across the six apartment complexes indicated that dispersal was more common within complexes than among them, and F statistics suggested greater genetic similarity between apartments in a single building than between separate buildings of an apartment complex. Similarly, neighbor-joining tree and Bayesian clustering analyses were able to cluster only those apartments that were within a single building, indicating higher dispersal with associated gene flow within buildings than between them. The lack of any broader connectivity, as indicated by significant FST and G-tests suggests that human-mediated dispersal of B. germanica between buildings of an apartment complex or between complexes occurs infrequently enough to have negligible effects on gene flow.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of New Zealand blue cod (Parapercis colias) based on mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Clare Louise Gebbie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers

<p>Parapercis colias (blue cod) is an endemic temperate reef fish that supports an important commercial and recreational fishery in New Zealand. However, concerns have been raised about localized stock depletion, and multiple lines of evidence have suggested P. colias may form several biologically distinct populations within the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone. Mark and recapture studies along with otolith and stable isotope studies have indicated that individuals are sedentary with very limited movement beyond the scale of 10-20km. The primary goal of this research was to advance the current knowledge of P. colias population genetic structure. This information can be incorporated into stock assessment models with the aim of improving the management of the P. colias fishery. This study made use of 454 pyrosequencing technology to isolate and develop the first set of microsatellite DNA markers for P. colias. These seven microsatellite loci, along with mitochondrial control region sequences, were used to determine the levels of genetic variation and differentiation between sites around the New Zealand coastline, including the Chatham Islands.  Significant differentiation was observed between the Chatham Islands and mainland New Zealand sample sites, indicating that these two regions form distinct populations. Interpretation of the results for the mainland sites was more complex. Mitochondrial sequence data detected no significant pairwise differentiation between mainland sites, although a pattern of isolation-by-distance was observed. However, evidence for genetic differentiation among mainland sites was weak based on the microsatellite DNA analysis. Although pairwise Gѕт levels were significant in some sites, this was not reflected in principal component analysis or Bayesian structure analysis. It is likely that through long range dispersal, migration is at or above the threshold for genetic connectivity, but below a level necessary for demographic connectivity. This is indicated by both the genetic structure reported here, along with previous studies showing limited dispersal of P. colias.</p>

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA from rice fields in China, Japan and the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Joseph Rili Cumagun ◽  
Bruce Alan McDonald ◽  
Masao Arakawa ◽  
Vanina Lilian Castroagudín ◽  
Alexandre Magno Sebbenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Moderate Degree

Sheath blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA is one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. The objetives of this study was to determine the predominant reproductive system and the genetic structure of 18 rice-infecting populations of R. solani sampled from China, Japan and the Philippines, the most important rice production countries in Asia. Knowledge about the population genetic structure of the pathogen in Asia is useful in identifying sources of infection and formulating sustainable management strategies for rice sheath blight. From a total of 717 isolates, 423 unique multilocus genotypes were detected based on nine microsatellite loci. The three country populations of R. solani AG-1 IA exhibited a mixed reproductive system, which included both sexual and asexual components. A moderate degree of clonality indicated that the asexual sclerotia represent important source of inoculum. Population subdivision varied within and among countries, fitting the isolation by distance model. While no subdivision was found among populations within Japan or within the Philippines, subdivision was detected among populations within China. Historic migration indicated high influx of immigrants from Japan into Northern, Central and Eastern China populations. Southern China contributed a high number of immigrants to the populations from the Philippines.

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