A new nemertean with a branched proboscis, Gorgonorhynchus citrinus sp. nov. (Nemertea: Pilidiophora), with molecular systematics of the genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Hookabe ◽  
Cong-Mei Xu ◽  
Aoi Tsuyuki ◽  
Naoto Jimi ◽  
Shi-Chun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Cerebratulus Lacteus

Among ~1300 species of world nemerteans, seven species in five genera of lineid heteronemerteans have been known to possess a branched proboscis. In this paper, we describe the eighth branched-proboscis species: Gorgonorhynchus citrinus sp. nov. from Okinawa, Japan. We also report Gorgonorhynchus cf. repens Dakin & Fordham, 1931 with uniformly orange body, as a new member for the Japanese nemertean fauna. We infer the phylogenetic relationships between these forms and other members of Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 for which partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3 genes are available in public databases, along with newly sequenced data of another branched-proboscis heteronemertean, Polydendrorhynchus zhanjiangensis (Yin & Zheng, 1984) from China. In the resulting tree, Gorgonorhychus Dakin & Fordham, 1931 was sister group to non-branched-proboscis Dushia Corrêa, 1963, whereas P. zhanjiangensis was sister group to likewise non-branched-proboscis Cerebratulus lacteus (Leidy, 1851). http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:685992C5-F595-4C28-9178-256D945E595A

Whale falls, multiple colonisations of the deep, and the phylogeny of Hesionidae (Annelida)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi Summers ◽  
Fredrik Pleijel ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
New Members

Phylogenetic relationships within Hesionidae Grube, 1850 are assessed via maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA) data. The analyses are based on 42 hesionid species; six of these being new species that are described here. The new species, all from deep (>200 m depth) benthic environments (including whale falls) in the eastern Pacific, are Gyptis shannonae, sp. nov., Neogyptis julii, sp. nov., Sirsoe sirikos, sp. nov., Vrijenhoekia ketea, sp. nov., Vrijenhoekia falenothiras, sp. nov., and Vrijenhoekia ahabi, sp. nov. The molecular divergence among the new members of Vrijenhoekia is pronounced enough to consider them cryptic species, even though we cannot distinguish among them morphologically. Our results also showed that the subfamily Hesioninae Grube, 1850, as traditionally delineated, was paraphyletic. We thus restrict Hesioninae to include only Hesionini Grube, 1850 and refer the remaining members to Psamathinae Pleijel, 1998. The present study increases the number of hesionid species associated with whale falls from one to six and markedly increases the number of described deep-sea hesionid taxa. There appear to have been multiple colonisations of the deep sea from shallow waters by hesionids, though further sampling is warranted.

Systematic relationships of the Taeniapterini (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5004 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-384
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO BORGES FERRO ◽  
JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON ◽  
STEPHEN A. MARSHALL ◽  
SCOTT KELSO
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Systematic Relationships

A molecular phylogeny for the Taeniapterinae is presented based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI), ribosomal (16S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and nuclear (EF-1α and CAD) genes of 48 specimens including 40 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to analyze the total concatenated dataset of 8769 bp. The results confirm that tribal classifications in Taeniapterinae are artificial and support the separation of Paragrallomyia Hendel and Taeniaptera sensu Ferro & Marshall (2020).

Phylogeny of Dorippoidea (Crustacea : Decapoda : Brachyura) inferred from three mitochondrial genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. Sin ◽  
Joelle C. Y. Lai ◽  
Peter K. L. Ng ◽  
K. H. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Generic Relationships ◽  
I Gene

The phylogenetic relationships between 10 of 13 genera of crabs from the superfamily Dorippoidea were investigated using mitochondrial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences. The resultant phylogenetic trees based on the three molecular markers support the division of Dorippidae and Ethusidae as monophyletic families within the Dorippoidea. The inferred inter-generic relationships within Dorippidae concur with groupings based on the overall morphology of the carapace and structures of the male first pleopods.

Determining the position of Diomocoris, Micromimetus and Taylorilygus in the Lygus-complex based on molecular data and first records of Diomocoris and Micromimetus from Australia, including four new species (Insecta : Hemiptera : Miridae : Mirinae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Namyatova ◽  
Michael D. Schwartz ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
First Time

The Lygus-complex is one of the most taxonomically challenging groups of Miridae (Heteroptera), and its Australian fauna is poorly studied. Here we examine the Australian taxa of the Lygus-complex using morphological and molecular methods. After a detailed morphological study of the material collected throughout Australia, Taylorilygus nebulosus is transferred to Diomocoris, with the genus recorded for the first time in this country. Taylorilygus apicalis, also widely distributed in Australia, is redescribed on the basis of Australian material. The genus Micromimetus is recorded for the first time in Australia, with M. celiae, sp. nov., M. hannahae, sp. nov., M. nikolai, sp. nov. and M. shofneri, sp. nov. described as new to science. Micromimetus pictipes is redescribed and its distributional range is increased. The monophyly of the Lygus-complex and relationships within this group were tested using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA markers. The Lygus-complex has been found to be non-monophyletic. Phylogeny confirmed the monophyly of Micromimetus, and it has shown that Taylorilygus apicalis is closer to Micromimetus species than to Diomocoris nebulosus. This study is the initial step in understanding the Lygus-complex phylogeny; analyses with more taxa, more genes and morphology are needed to reveal the interrelationships within this group, and sister-group relationships of Australian taxa. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7393D96B-2BBA-438D-A134-D372EFE7FB9E

A century later - a total evidence re-evaluation of the phylogeny of scutigeromorph centipedes (Myriapoda:Chilopoda)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Edgecombe ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Group Relationships

Scutigeromorpha (‘house centipedes’) play a pivotal role in myriapod systematics in being the sister group to all other chilopods, but their internal phylogeny has not been comprehensively appraised since K. W. Verhoeff’s morphological investigations a century ago. Relationships between the three families of Scutigeromorpha are inferred based on a combined analysis of approximately 5.5 Kb of sequence data from five molecular markers (complete 18S rRNA, a 2.2-Kb fragment of 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, histone H3) and 33 ingroup morphological characters. Molecular data are available for 19 ingroup terminals representing 14 morphospecies that include the genera Scutigerina, Madagassophora (family Scutigerinidae), Sphendononema (family Pselliodidae), Scutigera, Thereuopoda, Thereuopodina, Thereuonema, Allothereua and Parascutigera (family Scutigeridae). Morphology resolves the southern African–Malagasy Scutigerinidae as sister to all other Scutigeromorpha, whereas rival sister-group relationships between the Neotropical–Afrotropical Pselliodidae and Scutigerinidae + Scutigeridae or Pselliodidae + Scutigerinidae and Scutigeridae are resolved by the molecular and combined analyses. Monophyly of Scutigeridae and Thereuoneminae are stable across a broad range of analytical parameters. Thereuoneminae is composed of two stable clades: an Allothereua + Parascutigera group, and a grouping of Thereuopoda, Thereuonema and Thereuopodina. Molecular and combined analyses resolve the genus Scutigerina and the morphospecies Scutigerina weberi as paraphyletic, in both cases with a Malagasy clade excluding populations from southern Africa.

A molecular phylogeny of the circum-Antarctic Opiliones family Neopilionidae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Kate Sheridan ◽  
Caitlin M. Baker ◽  
Christina J. Painting ◽  
Gregory I. Holwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
South American ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family

The Opiliones family Neopilionidae is restricted to the terranes of the former temperate Gondwana: South America, Africa, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Despite decades of morphological study of this unique fauna, it has been difficult reconciling the classic species of the group (some described over a century ago) with recent cladistic morphological work and previous molecular work. Here we attempted to investigate the pattern and timing of diversification of Neopilionidae by sampling across the distribution range of the family and sequencing three markers commonly used in Sanger-based approaches (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I). We recovered a well-supported and stable clade including Ballarra (an Australian ballarrine) and the Enantiobuninae from South America, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, but excluding Vibone (a ballarrine from South Africa). We further found a division between West and East Gondwana, with the South American Thrasychirus/Thrasychiroides always being sister group to an Australian–Zealandian (i.e. Australia + New Zealand + New Caledonia) clade. Resolution of the Australian–Zealandian taxa was analysis-dependent, but some analyses found Martensopsalis, from New Caledonia, as the sister group to an Australian–New Zealand clade. Likewise, the species from New Zealand formed a clade in some analyses, but Mangatangi often came out as a separate lineage from the remaining species. However, the Australian taxa never constituted a monophyletic group, with Ballarra always segregating from the remaining Australian species, which in turn constituted 1–3 clades, depending on the analysis. Our results identify several generic inconsistencies, including the possibility of Thrasychiroides nested within Thrasychirus, Forsteropsalis being paraphyletic with respect to Pantopsalis, and multiple lineages of Megalopsalis in Australia. In addition, the New Zealand Megalopsalis need generic reassignment: Megalopsalis triascuta will require its own genus and M. turneri is here transferred to Forsteropsalis, as Forsteropsalis turneri (Marples, 1944), comb. nov.

Description of a new Notocomplana species (Platyhelminthes: Acotylea), new combination and new records of Polycladida from the northeastern Sea of Japan, with a comparison of two different barcoding markers

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4282 (3) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKI OYA ◽  
HIROSHI KAJIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Polyclad Flatworms ◽  
Northern Japan

We describe Notocomplana hagiyai sp. nov. from Ishikari Bay, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Notocomplana hagiyai sp. nov. is characterized by i) a larger prostatic vesicle relative to the seminal vesicle and ii) a Lang’s duct that is shorter than the long axis of Lang’s vesicle. Melloplana japonica (Kato, 1937) is transferred to the genus Notocomplana Faubel, 1983 based on the structure of its prostatic vesicle, and we record the finding of N. koreana (Kato, 1937) and N. septentrionalis (Kato, 1937) in western Hokkaido. A pair of new cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) primers was designed to infer the phylogeny among the four species, and we concluded that COI is more informative than 16S rRNA for barcoding polyclad flatworms. 

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