scholarly journals Microbial biodeterioration and biodegradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ipek Kurtböke ◽  
Irina Ivshina ◽  
Linda L Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Microorganisms including bacteria and fungi can use a wide variety of organic compounds as their carbon and energy sources and exploit numerous options as electron acceptors facilitating their ability to live in diverse environments. Such microbial biodegradative activities can result in the bioremediation of polluted sites or cause biodeterioration. Biodegradation and biodeterioration are closely related processes, and they often involve the same organisms, processes and materials.

scholarly journals Evolution of Thermophilic Microbial Communities from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Chimney under Electrolithoautotrophic Conditions with Nitrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Guillaume Pillot ◽  
Oulfat Amin Ali ◽  
Sylvain Davidson ◽  
Laetitia Shintu ◽  
Yannick Combet-Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
Over Time

Recent studies have shown the presence of an abiotic electrical current across the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys, allowing the growth of electroautotrophic microbial communities. To understand the role of the different phylogenetic groups and metabolisms involved, this study focused on electrotrophic enrichment with nitrate as electron acceptor. The biofilm density, community composition, production of organic compounds, and electrical consumption were monitored by FISH confocal microscopy, qPCR, metabarcoding, NMR, and potentiostat measurements. A statistical analysis by PCA showed the correlation between the different parameters (qPCR, organic compounds, and electron acceptors) in three distinct temporal phases. In our conditions, the Archaeoglobales have been shown to play a key role in the development of the community as the first colonizers on the cathode and the first producers of organic compounds, which are then used as an organic source by heterotrophs. Finally, through subcultures of the community, we showed the development of a greater biodiversity over time. This observed phenomenon could explain the biodiversity development in hydrothermal contexts, where energy sources are transient and unstable.

Emission Factors of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Environmental Bacteria and Fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (15) ◽  
pp. 8272-8282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel K. Misztal ◽  
Despoina S. Lymperopoulou ◽  
Rachel I. Adams ◽  
Russell A. Scott ◽  
Steven E. Lindow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

scholarly journals Marine gases: Challenges to the bio(geo)chemist

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Steinke ◽  
Dan A. Exton ◽  
Terry J. McGenity
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Waste Products

Gases are produced and consumed by numerous biological processes in the oceans and some volatiles are readily exchanged with the atmosphere where they can affect our climate. They can be waste products but they are also fundamental as nutrient and energy sources and terminal electron acceptors in respiration, and can facilitate communication and interactions via diffusive signalling. Here we will introduce some major gases and mention a few more enigmatic volatiles before focussing on the bio(geo)chemistry of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), ethene and isoprene, three important gases that are currently at the forefront of our research.

Photocatalytic Activity of Mixed Phase TiO2 from Microwave-Assisted Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuchanaporn Pijarn ◽  
Sirithan Jeimsirilers ◽  
Supatra Jinawath
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Photocatalyst is an environmental clean-up material when exposed to light. It can decompose organic compounds, bacteria and fungi as well as foul odors. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has long been well known for its powerful photocatalytic activity. However, its properties depend on several factors and synthesis method is one of them. In this work, TiO2powders were prepared by three methods, namely microwave-assisted hydrolysis of titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4), hydrolysis of TiOSO4, and also by calcining of TiOSO4. Photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO2powders were evaluated through the decomposition of methylene blue in comparison with P25 (Degussa). Results showed that the TiO2prepared at conditions of microwave 100 watts, irradiation time of 10 min was most effective when compared with the others in this work.

The first living systems: a bioenergetic perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-261
Author(s):  
D W Deamer
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Living State ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Prebiotic Earth

The first systems of molecules having the properties of the living state presumably self-assembled from a mixture of organic compounds available on the prebiotic Earth. To carry out the polymer synthesis characteristic of all forms of life, such systems would require one or more sources of energy to activate monomers to be incorporated into polymers. Possible sources of energy for this process include heat, light energy, chemical energy, and ionic potentials across membranes. These energy sources are explored here, with a particular focus on mechanisms by which self-assembled molecular aggregates could capture the energy and use it to form chemical bonds in polymers. Based on available evidence, a reasonable conjecture is that membranous vesicles were present on the prebiotic Earth and that systems of replicating and catalytic macromolecules could become encapsulated in the vesicles. In the laboratory, this can be modeled by encapsulated polymerases prepared as liposomes. By an appropriate choice of lipids, the permeability properties of the liposomes can be adjusted so that ionic substrates permeate at a sufficient rate to provide a source of monomers for the enzymes, with the result that nucleic acids accumulate in the vesicles. Despite this progress, there is still no clear mechanism by which the free energy of light, ion gradients, or redox potential can be coupled to polymer bond formation in a protocellular structure.

Growth of two serotypes of Nitrobacter in mixotrophic and chemoorganotrophic conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gay ◽  
A. Josserand ◽  
R. Bardin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions

The influence of organic compounds (pyruvate, yeast extract, and peptone) was tested on two Nitrobacter serotypes. In mixotrophic conditions, these compounds caused swelling of the cells. As shown by immunofluorescence, multiplication of the nitrifying bacteria still occurred in the absence of nitrite. Although growth was slower under such conditions, the organic substrates were used as energy sources. However, the response of the different serotypes studied varied and this could explain the fluctuations of the two nitrifying populations in the soil.

scholarly journals The energetics of organic synthesis inside and outside the cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1622) ◽  
pp. 20120255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. Amend ◽  
Douglas E. LaRowe ◽  
Thomas M. McCollom ◽  
Everett L. Shock
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Processes

Thermodynamic modelling of organic synthesis has largely been focused on deep-sea hydrothermal systems. When seawater mixes with hydrothermal fluids, redox gradients are established that serve as potential energy sources for the formation of organic compounds and biomolecules from inorganic starting materials. This energetic drive, which varies substantially depending on the type of host rock, is present and available both for abiotic (outside the cell) and biotic (inside the cell) processes. Here, we review and interpret a library of theoretical studies that target organic synthesis energetics. The biogeochemical scenarios evaluated include those in present-day hydrothermal systems and in putative early Earth environments. It is consistently and repeatedly shown in these studies that the formation of relatively simple organic compounds and biomolecules can be energy-yielding (exergonic) at conditions that occur in hydrothermal systems. Expanding on our ability to calculate biomass synthesis energetics, we also present here a new approach for estimating the energetics of polymerization reactions, specifically those associated with polypeptide formation from the requisite amino acids.

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